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 Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:23pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]The first line of action should center around the study and development of nationwide, people-involved, self-help cooperative programs, village by village, town by town and block by block . Each community would do its own development planning, the government's principal role being to provide advisors, training, technical assistance and loans when and where these are needed . For people with little or no money, barter and exchange are the first steps toward economic salvation, the bases for capital formation . Increased food production should be seen as for both wealth and health . The main emphasis would be intercommunity relations between the various language groups in all development programs . This means agreement plans for each area to specialize in producing goods needed but not produced in the other regions . This is the direct route to national unity through cooperation in order to reach the goals desired in common by all language groups in each African state . This calls for thinking, planning and hard work . Now it is just here within the race where integration is not only needed, but it is mandatory. We shall remain a weak people until we begin the drive for integration of Blacks first of all, instead of battling to integrate with other peoples . The second great task of government calls for furthering the home front economic development by aggressively working for African economic unity on a scale never before attempted . Interstate trade and other economic programs designed to deal with Asia and Europe must begin with unity of action in Africa itself, region by region, and then inter-regional or continental efforts, if Black Africa is ever to free itself from the present economic, morass . Nor will we be able to cover our failures by endlessly sweating and fumbling over South Africa . Black Africa can never deal effectively with white-ruled areas until it deals with Black Africa itself first . The foundation for everything we do or wish to do is economic-a word that simply means wealth enough to be really independent and having the means to do what must be done . If we have not noticed that every one of the great black nations studied rose as the result of a variety of wealth-producing activities which enabled them to achieve set goals, if we missed this fact, then we missed the most important lesson they left us in this book . Another significant fact was the widespread trade between the early African states . Somehow they overrode the "communications barriers" about which we now hear so much . The crying first need throughout the African world, however, is dedicated leaders, not just office-holding bureau-[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:22pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]other citizens, and without any exceptions whatsoever. This obviously includes the right of every individual to attend the school or college of his choice, rent or buy a home wherever he pleases, marry whom he pleases, white or black, and to freely use all places of public accommodation- all of which is a far, far cry from the doctrine that all of this must necessarily include a white presence to be valid, or a mass movement by the race toward amalgamation . The presence of whites in any given situation should be incidental, if considered at all . What the "Negroes" referred to above seem incapable of grasping is the difference between a "good school" and a "white school," a "good community" in which to live and a "white community ." To them they are necessarily the same-continuing evidence of the Caucasian success in capturing the minds of Blacks . THE MOTHERLAND AT THE CROSSROADS The problem is essentially the same in our African homeland . There, too, "white" is still the standard of excellence, of what is right, wise and best . I personally know a number of African presidents and ministers who will not dare to make important decisions without the guidance of white advisors, men who often know far less about the questions at hand than the presidents and their ministers . But they all feel the need for a white seal of approval. The Blacks, therefore, still have a long way to go in order to achieve absolute equality as free men among free men . They have a long way to go in the United States and the numerous other areas in which they live all over the world . In Africa, at this writing, Tanzania leads in the first hard-headed, masses-oriented, socio-economic program that is expressly designed to raise the level of life of the whole people, beginning with those lowest down. It is a truly African program, drawing heavily on African cultural traditions . It was, from its very inception, too much for those of the "Elite" who think of independence as a mere transfer of power from a white ruling class to a black ruling upper class, leaving the masses no better off than they had been under colonialism . These are the kind of smug and cocksure leaders who are preparing the ground not for military coups, but mass uprisings such as Africa has not yet witnessed .[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:21pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]them that there can be no bigger farce than the "integration" of hated and oppressed Blacks with the very white enemies who oppress them . Both the farce of integration and the "everlasting" white enemy are regularly highlighted in the world's press : race riots in integrated U .S. armies in Europe and even at war in Indo-China; race riots in camps in U.S.A . ; race riots on battle ships of integrated U .S . Navy and, in short, open combat between Blacks and whites when they are forced together as equals . There is peace and harmony, of course, when the Blacks humbly "stay in their place"-their subordinate place . Using the courts to force whites to accept Blacks as equals is quite futile even when and if all the thousands of court battles are won . White America is overwhelmingly against "integration ." And white Americans are no different than other whites throughout the world . The only instances in their history when integration was welcomed were when the outcome would put them in a more dominating position, or one of personal security, money and a prestige they could never otherwise achieve . Hence, because of the high premium many Negroes give to a white skin, the most ordinary whites will eagerly marry any black star or any other Blacks, if they have money . But in no period in history, and this point is important, have the masses of Blacks sought integration and general amalgamation with the whites . During all of their travails, their pride in race was steadfast. Much of the so-called "self-hatred" actually reflects a sense of futility and despair over lack of leadership and unity for action . They, the black masses, rejected general integration as a movement to obliterate the black race as such . The black masses still reject it . I have pointed out blind alleys into which we are being led by leaders whose aims and objectives are quite personal and not those of the black masses .' These black masses demand absolute equality on all fronts, precisely the same rights, privileges and responsibilities as all --------------------------------------------------- Notes 1 . No one should presume to say what the attitude of any large group of people is without learning what it is directly from the people concerned . Our "study of viewpoints" began in 1955 . The survey started at Tuskegee with 52 school supervisors, principals, teachers and graduate students from 12 states. They were to conduct polls from time to time in their respective states over a period of years .- No formalities . No rush. Just two simple questions : "Do you want integration? (3) Why? (for either "yes" or "no."  [/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:19pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]Facing this reality does not call for increasing hatred or screaming and utterly futile denunciations . Far from it. For all these shouting emotional outbursts by Blacks are in themselves indications of weakness, because they becloud the mind and prevent the calm and clear thinking that is absolutely required for planning if the race is to be saved from final destruction. "Destruction" is not too strong a term here . Only fools will be unable to see that the race is again being hemmed in, surrounded by its enemies, and cannot survive forever under what might be called a state of gradual siege . Those "Negroes" who are still pleading with the whites for brotherhood through "integration" are so deaf and blind that they are unable to get the white enemy's reply to these frantic pleas for acceptance through integration . The reply of whites was so loud and clear that it was heard around the world : When segregation in schools and residences was outlawed throughout the United States, whites fled from the cities to the suburbs just as though a plague had struck, or some deadly disease was spreading . The Blacks were left alone in the cities, now called ghettoes or the "inner city." This was rejection, total, complete . The black youth of America got this message from the whites first, and they got it -quickly . They formed new battle lines . Several millions of "Middle Class" Negroes and their leaders have not received the message yet, and probably never will. For them the white man is the ship and all else is the sea . They themselves do not feel competent to develop the highest standards of life in the all-black communities created by the very whites they so much worship . For them, there can be no "quality education" unless, by hook or crook, some white faces, any kind of white faces, are in the classrooms . Their main drive is to force the fleeing whites to accept them or, "Please, 0 you superior people, allow us to bus some of our children to your schools!" As they achieve these hollow victories on the integration front, they add a new cry : "Give us racial balance!" These Negroes have neither the ethnic pride nor the self-respect that is so characteristic of the American Indians, Japanese and Chinese ; and they seem utterly insensitive to being openly rejected by the whites, and battle on with the fantastic idea that they can force the whites to accept them socially . One major reason why young Black America understood the white position so quickly was that by some happy circumstance in history they were more closely attuned to the great common people and, therefore, shared their common aspirations and common sense No one has to tell[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:18pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
how the black people of the world stand today after a summary review of at least 6,000 years of their history . And, whether the focus is on Africa, the Caribbeans, the Americas or elsewhere, they are now seen standing at the Crossroads of history, and confused . *** " . . . Out of the Stormy past `Till We Now stand at last . . . " WHERE? [b] The Black World at the Crossroads ONE OF THE MOST TROUBLESOME FACTS IN THE STUDY OF history over very long periods of times, such as several centuries, is that a truth may slowly emerge, period after period, until it clearly forms itself into a truth impregnable, a fact nowhere explicitly stated as such in the mass of data covered . As one continues to move on down through the centuries, countless events and situations may continue to make supporting additions to what has already -been established as an unassailable fact . Yet that truth may be so repugnant, so utterly void of any rational or intelligent reason for its existence, that hardly any historian would wish to state it in his work . Yet I did just that when I wrote that "the whites are the implacable foe, the traditional and everlasting enemy of the Blacks ." The compelling reason for publicly putting this declaration in its historical context is clear : The necessary re-education of Blacks and a possible solution of racial crises can begin, strangely enough, only when Blacks fully realize this central fact in their lives : The white man is their Bitter Enemy . For this is not the ranting of wild-eyed militancy, but the calm and unmistakable verdict of several thousand years of documented history . Even the sample case-study of ten black states in this work shows that each and every one of those states was destroyed by whites[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:15pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]supposed Communist threat . Rich European nations no longer need to maintain their`usual armies for defense, for their Great White Brother, Uncle Sam, will gladly draft men to keep American forces there . American armed might is everywhere, ready to rush in to play the selfassigned role . This new world mission of the United States replaces, as far as it can, the more direct rule of the Western powers over the nonwhite peoples . The threat to Black Africa and black people everywhere should be obvious . From the very beginning, for example, the American secret policy was to give little or no assistance to Africa . Outright grants, such as the billions poured into Europe, were never expected by the black nations . The Africans had sense enough to know that such free gifts were for whites only . But they did expect to secure loans on reasonable terms of repayment. The American attitude on loans to African states turned out to be about the same as it would have been if they had been begging for free grants . There was a very definite African policy, however . The policy was not to announce the policy . There was a public announcement of what was intended as a "policy" early in the 1960s . It is said to Africa, in effect, that the United States would continue its friendly interest and, as always, said little or nothing in the matter of loans . Other friendly advice included the well-known information that they could apply to the World Bank . The big American air and military base in Ethiopia made it a favored African state like Libya . American investments in two other African states enabled them to secure loans . Black nations that might overcome the foreign economic stranglehold within their countries by increased production and exports for foreign exchange find their export trade blocked by the tariff walls of the same United States and the same European powers whose industrial machines would be crippled without the wealth, mineral resources and basic strategic materials they still control and ship out of Africa . In a word, the Blacks neither own nor control the wealth of their own land . Supposedly free again, they are unable to rebuild even as well as their migrating forefathers did before the Arab and European conquests . As shown in previous chapters, freed of the white man's control, a control from whichh most of them were fleeing,'they were overriding all obstacles and successfully building and rebuilding new states until they were finally overtaken in the 19th and as late as the beginning of the 20th century . The overall View from the Bridge, then, is simply the view of where and [/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:14pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]public and private, does this not reassure them every day that they are, indeed, members of the supreme ruling race? The "View from the Bridge" had to focus first on the United States' because so much points to this land as the place where the first major racial explosion is likely to occur . One would think that South Africa feels more secure with huge American investments and military backing than America itself is . A VIEW OF THE MOTHERLAND This brings us to the main reason for the focus on America . It quickly assumed the role of the whole white west as the various powers were forced from their imperial rule in Asia and Africa-forced, that is to say, from direct political rule, or the political functions of colonialism. The world at large, in the greatest misconception of modern times ; took this to mean African independence at last, African freedom and the end of European colonialism . The plain truth is that the African states today are not even half free and independent, for colonialism was from the beginning exactly what it is today, an economic system for the control and exploitation of the wealth of other peoples . It was and it is a private enterprise system . Colonial government was initially company government . When the political task got too big because of the increasing rivalries between the great powers, the mother countries would appoint colonial governors and other administrators . In other words, government by the home country came in as a protecting umbrella for the main objective : economic exploitation . That economic control still prevails all over Africa . It is not "neo-colonialism," but the old colonialism itself, still carrying on under the beautiful and high flying flags of "independent" African nations . The various mineral resources are so vast and involve so many billions of dollars that individual Africans, called upon to decide whom they will serve -their people or the masters of the country's wealth-often decide to serve the latter . The fact that Africa is still in economic bondage to her former political masters brings us back to our point of departure . As the more political colonialism disappeared, the United States rushed in to fill the breach, to take up the banner as the "Leader of the Free World" (the Atlantic or Western powers), The American military bases scattered all over the world have meaning far beyond any[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:13pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]in relatively few hands . When these poor whites secure the kind of jobs that move them up in that gloryland called "Middle Class," they get the most concrete evidence of their innate superiority . They find that the economic system is so structured that, (1) to secure better jobs and advancement, the number one qualification is to be white ; (2) that even where only a token number of non-whites are employed, they may be required to have college degrees (and sometimes the Master's) while the higher salaried whites, including the supervisors, may not have a high school education . These are not merely "may" and "may not" theories . In the United States the official statistics show that, nation-wide, black college graduates not only earn $1,040 a year less than white high school graduates, but they earn less than a white 10th grader . The white college graduates averages $3,095 more than the black college graduate ; (3) Blacks must pay more to live than whites . The lower wages they receive and the higher prices they must pay are built-in guarantees that they will always occupy an inferior place in the society . Merchants now generally have two prices for the same goods, one "black" and one "white." With the uneducated Blacks they are having a field day . They are equally successful in robbing the educated black "middle class" because of its abiding faith and status-striving complex . These are the "Negroes" who readily pay $225 a month for a house just vacated by whites who rented it for only $125, and "Negroes" who buy $25,000 homes listed to whites for from $5,000 to $10,000 less-provided, of course, that "white folks previously lived there ." And the "Inner City" food markets charge higher prices for cheaper brands of canned goods and equally high prices for leftovers from their first class stores in surrounding white suburbia ; and (4) the insurance companies face this economic war on the Blacks boldly and actuarially . They simply charge Blacks more for less benefits . Blacks must pay much higher premiums than whites for life insurance, for example, because it has been determined that their life expectancy is 10 years less than that of the whites. For the insurance industry it is strictly a matter of business . They know that the total economic system is so structured against the Blacks that it is impossible for them to maintain proper health standards . Being Black, they must die first-by 10 years . All this gives comfort and assurance to the poor and once-poor "silent majority ." They feel that they have every reason to be silent, for does not this silent and secret war against the Blacks, carried on every hour of their existence and deeply structured in the very fabric of national life,[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:12pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]Something different developed in Black America for, whereas, in most other parts of the world the Mulattoes form an elite caste, this is true only of certain groups in the United States-such as the Wezots of Maryland and Virginia (also known by other names) and their spill-over in Washington, D .C . In general, the divided loyalties split them as anti- African and pro-African, which is the way it always has been . The "view of the bridge" thus far has been a refocus on the futility of our continuing and child-like faith in the white man's justice, and belief that our protests, marching demonstrations, singing and praying will change his six thousand years of hostility to us; and that the Negroes who frantically battle for admission to white surburbia, and to its private clubs, golf courses, swimming pools, etc ., will never be welcomed even though they many be "near-white" in color . The final focal point in this connection is that the masses, from the blackest of the Blacks to the lightest of the lights, do not care at all about socially mixing with the whites. They, the whites, on their part, have no reason or inclination to do more than make token concessions from time to time, thus quieting noisy "leaders," but never changing the inferior situation of the masses . They still own and control the wealth of Africa, directly and indirectly, and from it, along with that from other areas of the world, they have developed technologies and a world commerce-all fully protected by governments, also under their control, that assure them of continued white supremacy. This phenomenal success, this unquestionable "position of strength," derived from their conquests of other peoples and their wealth, has led them to believe that they are, as a matter of fact, the superior people and, therefore, the rightful rulers of this planet . Why, then, should they be expected to yield? "Human Rights?" "Equal Justice?" What are these but narcotic slogans for the masses, even the white masses, which are quickly conceded as "ideals" and "principles" everywhere? The masses of poor whites also live on these slogans and ideals of equal justice. They are a pitiful people, often half-starved themselves, yet living and having their being in the happy thought that they are members of the white conquering race, and that the once enslaved Blacks among them are living evidence of their own superiority . They enjoy the glory reflected from the domination and power achieved by the ruling minority of their race, too ignorant to realize that they are used as the tools of hate to support their wealth and power concentrated[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:11pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]the very idea of "community control" because it presents the possibility that irate parents might demand the removal of the merely jobholding and indifferent principals and teachers . 8. The millions of Africans of mixed blood who have always been steadfast and devoted to the race know that when the white man gives them a preferential status above the "unmixed," but always below himself, he does so to maintain the myth of superior "white blood ." Their redemption from the sin of African blood is proportionate to the amount of "white blood" in their veins . Indeed, if one is light enough, or near-white, he may even be appointed Secretary of a Department of the U.S. Government, and a member of the President's Cabinet-and still not equal. Furthermore, white America has found that their purposes were served best by classifying as "Negro" all persons with any amount of African blood, no matter how small. This obvious injustice has never been openly challenged even by those directly affected and who bitterly resent being so classified . But the United States refused to follow either the South African system of making their Afro-Dutch offsprings a separate ethnic group by law and calling them "Coloureds," or the ancient practice of Egypt and the Arab world of classifying mixed breeds as "white ." This fact has had a tremendous impact on integrationist Negroes in the United States, leading many to identify with the Arab world, rather than Africa ; and even to adopt Arabic names, rather than African names . In fact, because of their powerful hold on Africa through the religion of Islam, and the vast Coloured population in many Arab states, many white Arabs will publicly state (for African ears) that they are a nonwhite people . However, even if the United States did attempt to reclassify this group as either white or coloured, the millions who are bound to the African race by unbreakable ties of love would fight such a move to its death . These have no desire to be either white or "coloured ." For like the late Congressman Adam Clayton Powell, who could have passed for "white" anywhere in the world, they would say, "Call me Black!"-knowing full well that "Black" refers not to anyone's color (for which none is responsible), but "Black" defines one's attitude towards the homeland of his ancestors which from times immemorial was called "The Land of the Blacks ."[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:09pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]African in spirit and are as devoted to the race as anyone else, the crucial question is how long will this other white oriented group be allowed to block the real progress of the race? 5. Those who seek and hope for admittance into white society should not be criticized or condemned . As previously stated, it is an individual matter of choice, and it is both natural and right if their "blood-call" is to the white race rather than to the Black . But they cannot be allowed to use their imposed leadership positions to brow-beat all Black Americans into the line of march toward white society per se, and thus towards the ultimate extinction of Blacks as such in this country : It is along this line against their benign genocide that the real battle for survival as a distinct people must be fought. 6. The drive for "integration" is most damnable on one score alone : It is a deliberate and stepped-up attack on the most significant aspects of the Black Revolution of the Sixties . That Revolt was the reversal in the psychology of the race, a quest for its lost manhood by first emancipating the mind from the bondage of over-Caucasianization, and to establish forever .the real basis for equality with the rest of mankind from the rediscovered pages of a history that was supposed to be "lost" because it reveals a long line of giants unsurpassed by any people on earth . The Negro integrationists are hostile to the Black Revolution, and aim to defeat its main aims by forcing the black children and youth of the nation more directly under "white education ." Once again, as in slavery, they will be cut off not only from the history of their race, but they will also be cut off from a knowledge of all the other fields in which Blacks have excelled, and from which comes the inspiration to "go-forth and do likewise ." The great mental revolution among the Blacks that eventuates in more and more self-respect and a new sense of manhood and self worth, all this alarms the Negro integrationists, and they are resolved to . defeat it by keeping the Blacks firmly under the mind control of white institutions. 7 . They are absolutely right about the general lack of "quality education" in black schools, the very schools in which they are the principal supervisors and teachers . But their minds and interests are elsewhere . "Ghetto" children are unteachable, they assure themselves . And they and their equally misguided principals and teachers of all kinds will fight to the death a Clark or any other plan that is expressly designed to improve the teaching and learning processes in black schools . They fear[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:09pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]tive actually collapses under the wheels of buses for "racial balance ." They are proclaiming to all the world that, regardless of general desegregation, in any all-black or predominantly black population, the Blacks themselves are utterly incapable of achieving or maintaining high standards of excellence in education or, indeed, anything else . Here we have, Within the race, the intolerable situation of an anti-black group proclaiming the race's inherent inferiority more effectively than the whites ever could, precisely because this group is regarded as "black ." Furthermore, and even of greater importance, the amalgamationist Negroes generally hold most of the administrative and key teaching posts in the educational system . Through sheer indifference, therefore, they can block the development of the quality education in black schools while, at the same time, sending their own children to white private schools . Their remaining interest in the black schools is the money derived from their supervisory and teaching positions . Meanwhile, black students in the so-called integrated schools and colleges throughout the United States continue to tell the world that they are as segregated within as they were without. Far from being accepted, daily insults of various kinds occur inside the classrooms, in the halls, and on the outside . When fights break out, as they inevitably do, and the police are called in, -they generally arrest the black students, not the white students, no matter who started the trouble . A press report, September 15, 1972, simply read : "During. the recess hour a black male student was called an offensive name by two white boys and pushed against the wall . A general fight broke out between black and white students . Police were called . Thirteen black students were arrested and jailed ." Now, of course, all this is public information, and is news to no one . But some of the salient facts that seem to stand out clearly are as follows : 1 . White America is definitely and unalterably opposed to the integration and amalgamation of the two races . 2 , Black America, the masses, are equally opposed to the integration and amalgamation of the races . 3 . The drive for more and more amalgamation is, and always has been spearheaded by those "coloureds" who maintain a separatist society within the black race, and who are not, and never have been, identified with the black masses . 4. Since everybody knows that there are millions of light-skinned members of the race, some as white as any Caucasian, who are as[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:07pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]A VIEW FROM THE BRIDGE What, then, is "the view from the bridge"? The outlook is grim . For the black people of the world there is no bright tomorrow . The Blacks may continue to live in their dream world of singing, dancing, marching, praying and hoping, because of the deluding signs of what looks like victories-still trusting in the ultimate justice of the white man ; but a thousand years hence their descendants will be substantially where the race was a thousand years before . For the white people, still masters of the world, do not have to yield . They have never changed their real attitude toward black people during all the passing centuries, and there is absolutely nothing upon which to base the belief that they will change in the centuries to come . Concessions on some demands, yes . Expediency dictates this . Noting that the black masses accept as leaders any and all "Negroes" who hold important positions, the whites, who control these positions directly or indirectly, actually determine who the leaders of Blacks shall be as independent black organizations emerge . The dangling attractions of government and foundation grants are there to quiet the outspoken but money-hungry "leaders ." Indeed, some of these leaders were quick in discovering that the most certin route to a handsome grant or "loan" is pretended outrage and shouting "militancy ." The whites know this all too well . They are quite willing to pour millions of dollars into all kinds of black community projects precisely because they know that these phony leaders will do nothing that will really improve the conditions under which the black masses live . Blacks are still hopelessly naive if they do not yet understand that the whites never did, and do not now, intend to include Blacks in the doctrine of human equality, equal justice or anything else that means real equality . The white determination to keep Blacks in an inferior position is so deep that they will battle against the enactment of civil rights laws even when they know there will be no real enforcement . The opposition is to the very idea of equality . Those Negroes who are so frantically fighting to escape from the African race by way of "integration" and amalgamation will continue to meet everlasting and universal opposition from the whites . The Negro drive to be with whites in every situation is equalled by the white determination to prevent it . Yet the whites must truly feel a deep sense of pride in seeing this Negro leadership so clearly validating their own belief in white superiority . Their pretended "Quality Education" objec-[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:06pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]The worst outcome from the forced migrations all over Africa in the long search for places of refuge and freedom were the endless splintering off of societies into countless little isolated states . Overall, it is difficult to see how it could have been otherwise . They had to split up . Unity, in terms of keeping a very large group together, was impossible . Seldom could 10,000 people move en masse, not to mention 100,000 . And 100,000 would be a small number if it was a great state that was being disorganized and destroyed . If they were being attacked by invaders, not only expediency but life itself dictated that they split up into small groups, each under an elected leader . In this way both the chances of escape from the enemy and of finding food and water somewhere were better than would be the case if they moved in one vast body . Some of these separated groups did indeed meet again by chance before they had become total strangers to each other. These often settled in the same general region and near enough to each other to maintain the same language . Others met again, generations after the original segmentations, as strangers speaking in different tongues and with different patterns of culture- "strangers," yet all descendants from the same society . Worse still, the Blacks have been so busy being "different" through all these years that they have been unable to see that underlying all of their cultural varieties is the compelling evidence that they are all members of the same race and have the same common origin . The most remarkable outcome of the migrations, with their fragmentations, disunities and interminable turmoil and crises is that they held on, tenaciously, to the same democratic and political systems and the same social institutions maintained from one end of Africa to the other, just as though they were still members of one and the same vast African society . This fact was immediately reflected in the institutions and political structure of every new state that emerged during all those centuries of migrations . Just as the Council told Ethiopian kings what they could and could not do, the same remained true throughout the continent where black rule prevailed according to tradition . This was why, 3,000 years later and 3,000 miles farther south, a Shaka could complain bitterly because the Zulu Council of "yes men" failed to check him in his excesses . Finding himself an absolute autocrat, he was surprised to find that he had been allowed to get away with it .[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:05pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]from without, fears of betrayals by unknown followers from within, fears of attacks by other migrating Blacks who were themselves fleeing from danger, fears of hunger, ever-mounting disease and of the alarming number of deaths . These fears of all kinds were a disease-.all producing an alarming source of mutual suspicions and distrust . Centuries of this produced the amazing outcome : Blacks became their own worst enemies and, therefore, increasingly a helpless people . The migrations were the moving phenomena in the tragedy . For while we have seen that many of them ended with the rebirth of new states from one end of the continent to the other, states that stood until Arabs and Europeans delivered the final deathblows, millions of other Blacks were unable to achieve this temporary glory . These were the Africans whose daily task was sheer survival-nothing less, nothing more. Every one of their communities had four to six months of each year which everyone knew as "Starving Times"-the period when children ate dirt and the bark from trees ; when it was a great occasion if food enough could be found for two or three meals a week ; when to find a water hole or a little stream that had not completely dried up was even more joyful than finding something to eat, and a time, when some mothers would steal away into the bush with their little skeleton-like children with swollen bellies to die quietly in the shade-this was "Starving Times ." During this awful period of hell on earth even the better-off cattle-raising groups outside of the tsetse fly regions suffered great losses in herds as they wandered far and wide in the frantic search of unparched grassland and water . In none of this are we dealing with the merely unusual misfortunes which are occasionally visited upon almost every people . No . We are dealing here with the unusual, something quite different in the general experience of mankind, for we are reviewing here a permanent situation which, in combination with the forces outlined in foregoing pages, destroyed the civilization of an entire race, checked progress, and forced countless thousands into barbarism . These were the people who sought freedom and security in the forests, swamps and caves . Some, unable to advance under these conditions, nevertheless battled against sinking to the level of savages ; some rebuilt their states even in the vast forests and still others, famine-crazed, became savages or semi-barbarians . Many of the groups that descended to this lowest state of existence were isolated in areas where "Starving Times" was not a period of months but of years .[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:04pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]resistance to slavery continued while the continent was being depopulated by it with the active participation of many black chiefs and kings seeking wealth and the white man's promise of security from all of their black fores . The third battle lines for survival were, therefore, internal, and points up one of the main contributions they made towards their domination by other peoples . As time went on they became so preoccupied with warring against each other that they seemed to regard the whites as friends by comparison . This seeming contradiction is baffling . For while there is nothing new about a people fighting among themselves, they generally stop if outsiders attack, forget their differences and join united ranks against the common foes . Caucasians will wage frightful wars against other Caucasians, but will quickly unite, as though by instinct, against non-whites, not only in wars but in international policies . They have developed a kind of built-in solidarity in their relations with non- Caucasian peoples . This fact, as much as anything else, helps to explain their position as masters of the world . On the other hand, and in glaring contrast, disunity and noncooperation have been characteristic of black societies . And this fact, more than anything else, helps in the understanding not only why the Blacks eventually lost in their battles against the whites, but also why even today they are still unable to deal with the white world . This situation of antagonism, self-hatred and attending disunity in the race is a matter of such grave concern that I have returned to it again and again throughout these discussions . The only reason for dealing with the role played by the Mulattoes in black history, for example, was to show how baffling and complex the problem is . For they were used not only to help disguise the most significant achievements of Blacks, but they were also effectively used to further enhance and perpetuate the already existing conflicts and divisions among them . Now they had just as much right to be classified as white as they did to be classified as black . But they found it expedient to operate in both worlds, exploiting the Blacks while serving the interests of the whites . There could never be any clear-cut judgment or defense against internal subversion along anv color line, because in almost every black society it was possible to find any Mulattoes who were as loyal to the race as anyone could be, and, as well, pure Blacks who might be paid agents of the Arabs or Europeans . The state of Black Africa, then, was a state of perpetual fears, fears of being hunted down and attacked[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:04pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]The most important fact here, is that the Greeks were the first Europeans to know that the most advanced civilization of the ancient world was in Africa, the first Europeans to study and be directly influenced by it, and to proclaim it to the world boldly and without reservations . Indeed, it is from Greek history, including their myths and legends, that we get some of the best insights into the early history of the Blacks . They drew upon the Land of the Blacks for architectural designs, city planning, sculpture, science and even religion . These they reshaped and made Greek . The Greeks were the best traveling students in the world . In their relations with Africa, they exemplified, as no other people had, the eclectic process of civilization and progress-the readiness to borrow from other peoples the best in their culture, to be reshaped or made over to suit one's own ideals and needs . Having lost most of our own written records through destruction, endless displacement, and the gradual loss of African scribes, the black world owes the debt of everlasting thanks to those early Greek and Roman writers, but mostly Greek, who had included much of our ancient history with their own and passed it down through the centuries . We salute them! The early disruption of African civilization, as we have seen, was followed by a long series of absolute blockades to progress . These included the combined forces of nature : Ever expanding deserts, scarity of water, hostile climate and the ravages of disease arising largely from conditions of famine . And yet while the primary causes of disaster had, from the earliest times, set in motion the dispersions of peoples searching for survival sites, through it all kingdoms and empires were built, destroyed, and built again . These were the slow-moving voluntary migrations from which so many of the small and large societies developed with different languages and dialects . The invaders raiding into the continent from Asia and Europe formed the second centuries-long battlefronts against which the Blacks had to fight for survival . These wars spanned several thousand years, and in an earlier chapter I "wondered out loud," and still wonder, how any people, weakened by perpetual hunger and disease, could possibly carry on wars of resistance to the white invaders for over 5,000 years . This they did, and this their descendants must know and remember with pride : that black resistance to white domination covered over 5,000 years . When the enslavers pressed in upon them from the north, the east, the west and from the south, they continued the fight ; the[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:03pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]white slavery ended, after the murderous revolt of white slaves in the 13th century, white slavery ended and thereafter the concentration was on Blacks, alone . The Jews, being white, and tenaciously clinging to their own heritage, were able to find escape routes not open to Blacks anywhere: business, finance and science . They were free to study, and study they did, surpassing almost all other peoples in the resulting intellectual supremacy . Learning became a second religion . They had seen that two of the certain ways to overcome their oppressors were the mastery of wealth and intellectual excellence . They, therefore, became moneylenders to emperors, kings and popes . Meanwhile, the Blacks were still being hunted down and enslaved and, when free, they were kept as close to the status of slaves as such efforts could achieve . Yet today we are beginning, just beginning, to learn about the heights from which they were , driven. One of the highly important things this study revealed was how the very color of black came to mean "slave," and, therefore equated with bad luck, inferiority and shame . We have dared to go beyond the limits and the guidelines set for us by the czars of history and geography to discover that Ancient Ethiopia covered North Africa to the Mediterranean Sea, that Egypt was the northeastern division of that empire, and that even as late as 3100 B .C . when white Asians held Lower Egypt, Ethiopians still held most of their homeland in Upper Egypt . In short, almost all of Egypt was as black as late as 3100 B .C . I say "as late as 3100 B .C ." to emphasize the fact again that all this is well known to white historians concerned with Africa . They know because when the earliest Greek and Roman writers studied in the land, Egypt was still Black Egypt, they knew what the history was and they left the records . Even when Herodotus arrived, black civilization was known to be so ancient that its beginning was lost in a distant past beyond memory . But when he arrived he found a very mixed Egyptian population of whites, browns, yellows and blacks ; the first three groups now drawing a line between themselves as Egyptians while giving to the Blacks the lowest class status along with their original name of Ethiopians (original as Greek term) . There may have been some justice in this since when Herodotus was in Egypt, the masses of non-integrating Blacks had themselves rejected both Egypt and the Egyptian names as the Asians and Afro-Asians became the majority, and they had concentrated below a new borderline as Ethiopians in an Ethiopian empire that no longer included Egypt .[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:02pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]against the Arabs, now predominantly "Coloured"-and for the same ancient reasons . Does anyone wonder why this all-important white-created color factor is skipped over by white historians? If they were scientific in their approach and objective in their methods, they would deal with the Mulatto role in black history, even though it was a major source of white power and the white man's most effective agent in helping to destroy black civilizations everywhere they were found . White historians would really grown in stature if they themselves wrote the story-wrote it as it was. This will never happen, of course . For they would be recording how the increasing number of "Coloureds" after each white invasion made it easy to credit them with all the great advances the Blacks themselves had made . They, the white writers, would be telling how these half-Blacks came to be classified as "Caucasoids" and how helpful this was in obliterating Black Egypt from the pages of history . By this master stroke, through their own sexual creations, they were able to erase the Blacks as the first builders of a great civilization and deliberately rob them of that honor . The long-drawn out process by which all this was accomplished has been detailed in this work . It had to be dealt with along with other factors and forces, because the inferior status of black people throughout the world today tends to confirm the white man's doctrine that they are inferior in fact . His whole system, universally applied, was designed to make them inferior and keep them so . Who, then, in the 20th century, would believe that these same Blacks were of the race that had built great cities, developed writing, the arts and sciences when the whites of Europe were still roaming tribes of barbarian warriors? This being a well-known (though not publicized) fact of history, how, then, explain the descent of the Blacks from the heights reached by their forefathers to the depths in which they find themselves today? This was the central question in all of our research . Most of the important answers are given in preceding chapters . Future research, especially field research, will reveal an even more amazing story . A study of the general history of mankind reveals no people who have suffered so much in every area of life and survived . One thinks immediately of the Jews and the systematic oppression which they have encountered in every land . But they were not enslaved-not since the days when whites were generally enslaved everywhere and slavery had nothing to do with race . We have seen that[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 7:01pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]Perhaps the highlights in the hisory of the Blacks-which is all this work claims to be-would be even more clearly understood if I had written backward, beginning with the present . For one thing, less documentation would be required, for by focusing on predominantly black South Africa, Zimbabwe anc the presentday Sudan, the whole world could see, almost at a glance, exactly what happened to Black Egypt many centuries ago . The s:ript of the play, "Whites against Blacks," is the same . The eternal drive glorifying "white blood" is the same, finding direct expression in ill Caucasian controlled social and economic systems: In South Africa the Dutch offsprings by black women are classified "Coloureds" and ranked as a separate ethnic group below the Dutch in social and economic status, but far above the Africans . In Egypt the "Coloureds' gradually became the majority as more and more whites came in aid more and more Blacks moved southward . The name "Egyptian" was taken over by the whites and their northern "Coloureds" as applyng to themselves alone . The Blacks who were the original Egyptians were no longer called Egyptians, just as the Blacks in Africa today are no bnger called South Africans there, only the whites are South Africans . Both in Egypt and South Africa the scheme was to make the Mulattoes a separate ethnic group, superior tt the Blacks because of Caucasian blood, thus creating mutual hatred, that would make unity difficult if not impossible . By giving all Mukttoes privileges and opportunities denied to Blacks, the scheme wor':ed not only in South Africa and ancient Egypt, but it was successful throughout the world and still operates in the closing years of the 20th century. The white man has every reason to proudly view his handiwork in managing people and pronounce it good . In the Sudan thewhite Arabs were so successful that their "Coloureds" there consider tlemselves Arabs, not Africans, and look down contemptuously on the Blacks in the Southern Sudan exactly the same as the Egyptian Cobureds regarded this same once all- Black region (Ethiopia) centuries ,go . The picture in the Northern Sudan today, then, is exactly the sane as the picture was in Northern Ethiopia (Egypt) after it became predominantly Afro-Asian and Afro- European; and the picture in the Southern Sudan today is the same all- Black picture Southern Ethiopia (the Sudan itself) presented over two thousand years ago . And just as their ancient forefathers battled then against the Egyptian Coloureds, the Blacks in the Southern Sudan at the very hour these lines were being vritten were still arrayed in battle[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:59pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
And the bridge was suspended between the two eternities Arched so high up there that the Watchman Could from his tower see all that had gone before And all that was to come. And that is why the anxious, helpless peoples of this crazy world Continue to look up in despair and cry O Watchman, tell us in this endless night Just what the signs of promise are! [b]A View from the Bridge THE SUMMING UP THIS HAS BEEN AN INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY . I HAVE swept across 6,000 years with the story of the African people, touching here and there on prehistoric' beginnings, such as at Wo'se, and selectively spotlighting the "blackout" areas in that history in my broad sweep through the milleniums. My own field studies in just about every region on the continent and my interpretation even of the data of many of the scholars appearing in the bibliography often led to quite different conclusions than theirs . Indeed, these modern Westerners either ignore or contradict some of the best evidence of the ancient writers on Africa . The conflict of viewpoints on the history of the Africa people develops as issues in the work, and I suppose that at the present level of civilization, such a conflict should be expected between those who represent the masters of the globe and those who are in rebellion against them as the writers of the history of the people they oppress . Invariably there is a deeply felt need to present the dominated people as child-like creatures, inferior by an ordinance of nature and, therefore, helpless without the permanent rule and guiding hand of the master race . ------------------------------------------ Notes 1 . "Prehistory" is another improper term we are stuck with. Its very origin reflects the self-glorification of those who had learned to write, the written records becoming sacred and the principal source of truth . There is actually no such thing as "prehistory ." Man was leaving historical records millions of years before he began to write them .[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:55pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]general leadership of the Matabele invaders who, therefore, could expect no support from the general population . They were defeated by the British . In 1902, the Blacks of another important kingdom in the old empire, Barwe, rose in rebellion . By then British power was so firmly established that the outcome was predictable . The last black empire had become white-ruled Rhodesia and its southernmost territory was now under the iron rule of the Dutch invaders of South Africa . This marked the close of still another tragic era . The last emperor of the last black-ruled empire on the African continent, Chioko Dambamupute, knew no more how to deal with the engulfing tides of conquest than most of the black leaders who preceded him . Like Kot a Pe, the Bakuba king when the Belgians took over the Congo, none seemed to have had sufficient insights for the white situation, to have just enough sense of race to enable them to realize that the destiny of a whole people was at stake, and not just their personal well-being or even the fortunes of a single state . The black queen of Angola remains the outstanding leader who read the white man straight from A to Z and mapped strategies for the confrontations . When she died, she was still Queen of the Blacks, and her people were still free .[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:54pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]referred several times . The third threat, insofar as Monomotapa was concerned, was the rapid rise and expansion of the Zulu Empire under Shaka, an empire which developed from a small village state . We have seen that the great migrations over the continent developed from many different causes, taking many different forms, and went in all directions . And we have seen that whole black communities fled before incoming black conquerors just as they did when whites invaded their land . The great Zulu Emperor-King, Shaka, became more ruthless in his onslaughts to unify the Blacks in an empire that would be greater and stronger than the undisciplined and, therefore, falling Monomotapa . An empire, unlike Monomotapa, that would not only serve as one vast and impregnable fortress against the shrewdly scheming whites swarming up from the Cape, but a fortress from which they could be attacked and destroyed. Shaka and his people, like the other countries we have studied, had never seen a white face before the invasions. But he had learned about them more and more as they approached the borders of his country . To resist he had to unify the Blacks first. Kings and chiefs who could not see the danger in so many little independent states had better prepare to meet their maker . Countless thousands fled en masse before Shaka's mighty armies . A swelling tide at many tribal states under powerful kings and chiefs moved-a wild and merciless rampage that expressed their anger ovet Shaka on all the people in their path . The leading groups that struck the Changamire kingdoms first were the Ndebele, Swazi and the Shangana . They crossed the Limpopo in 1830 and swept on to the Zambezi, spreading terror as they moved northward . This left the few Portuguese centers that remained in the unconquered territory exposed to the new danger . That strip of territory was once again all that was left of the former Empire of Monomotapa . The overall scene was one of British-Dutch pressures on the black empire in South Africa, the pressure of the migrating Blacks from that empire on other Blacks and their destruction of what remained of still another black empire ; while the British and the Dutch, in fierce competition with each other, moved steadily forward to take over the whole southern region . The Portuguese still held on to their strongly fortified posts, especially along the Zambezi, and were able to reach a partition agreement with the British in 1890 . Thus, the Portuguese in gaining Mozambique still held a vast black empire . The Blacks who had fled from Shaka's armies and had entered the land before the British,[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:53pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]In 1693 the seemingly all-powerful Portuguese were amazed by the rapid development of an unexpected phenomenon : the revival of black unity in the southern provinces which were the original center of the Empire, now still under the leadership of a continuing line of Changamires . Other formerly separatist kingdoms united under the Changamire's leadership and opened a full-scale war against the Portuguese, aiming at driving them out of the land . The successful military tactics of Matope and his generals were remembered and followed : careful, unrushed training and organization ; the secret movement of troops in small groups in different directions, all assembling en masse at a stated time and place near the enemy strongholds ; then the swift-moving and generally surprise attacks by different armies on different Portuguese centers at the same time . These operations took two years of desperate fighting because, of course, the Portuguese forces were better armed . According to the oral records of the Blacks, the real reason for the series of victories over the Portuguese was that their black troops only put up token resistance, often not even that, but whole companies deserting to join their black brothers . With their black shield thus removed, the . Portuguese themselves were now exposed to danger . The number killed was frightening . They fled the country to zones of comparative safety . The Changamire armies reconquered most of Monomotapa and a vigorous anti-Portuguese policy was adopted . This not only aimed at their total exclusion from the interior but also at ending their influence in what remained of the old Empire which did not come directly under the Changamire rule . Even trade relations with the whites and other contacts . had to be carried on through Blacks and Mulattoes . The greatly reduced Monomotapa continued to be further destroyed by the endless internal strife among the Blacks, frustrated by the state of decline and helplessness, but, yet unwilling to join forces with the stronger southern kingdoms which were united under the Changamires . Decade after decade the same story of chaos, social disorganization and decline repeated itself . This time, however, neither Portuguese nor Arabs were able to reestablish their former power position throughout the region . For while all this was going on during 17th, 18th and into the 19th centuries, three other threatening storm centers had been rising in South Africa . Two of these, the British and the Dutch, had moved inland from the Cape, establishing "republics," and thereby completing the encirclement of the Blacks of Africa-a most significant development to which I have [/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:51pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]the priest's death was "engineered by Muhammadans of Mozambique" may or may not have been true . The Portuguese themselves may have done it. This death, then, meant that the honor of Portugal had been challenged . Instead of attacking the Arabs charged with the crime, however, they directed their pretended outrage at the tottering Black Empire with military intervention . In 1575 an ultimatum, disguised as a treaty, required the Emperor to expel all Arabs from the country, grant more land concessions for Portuguese gold mining operations, more trading posts and missions and, finally in 1629 the great objective was reached when the Emperor Mauura acknowledged the King of Portugal as his Overlord and became his vassal . Portuguese Caucasianization of the Blacks had begun early by having all chiefs, kings and emperors replace their African names with Portuguese names . There was, therefore, a long line of Emperors Sebastiaos, Philippes, Domingos, and Affonsos, here as in Kongo and Angola . ; The Portuguese land-grabs all over the region meant that they were not content with political overlordship and commercial supremacy but were physically taking over the absolute ownership of the lands of the people in all areas. When, in 1663, the Emperor Domingos summoned up enough courage to resist the onslaught, he was murdered . This was the year Queen Nzinga died and Portugal now felt unchallenged . Meanwhile, the Portuguese were riding so high and mighty that they had set up their own capitals in the interior at Masapa and in Manyika, centers of general administration and commerce . The Great Zimbabwe capital city of the Empire became a mere shadow of Portuguese power ; useful only in carrying out their orders and, as was the case with the other towns and cities, began to disintegrate toward a state of ruins as the gold wealth of the nation was taken over and depopulation of the country by the slave trade spread . The highly organized African religion, under a priesthood that had been so powerful that it had blocked the spread of Islam for over 200 years, was now swept aside by the aggressively pushed Christian missions in almost every village . --------------------------------------------- Notes 3 . 1 have been referring to name changing throughout the book ; yet I doubt whether Blacks in general fully realize the role this played in loss of the sense of self worth .[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:50pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]just advise . They backed the respective rulers with money and materials and men-black men, that is-the Arabs' own private armies of black troops . Thus the Arabs, and later the Europeans, were always able to send into battle still more Blacks against Blacks . Now Changa, grown old and uncertain, was given an entirely new vision'of greatness : He could not only capture the Empire and become as great an emperor as he was a general, but, in doing so, he could create a great brotherhood of Arabs and Africans, a brotherhood in which Arabs would be his faithful servants as citizens . To crown it all, and in testimony thereof, he was given the "unprecedented honor" of the Arab title of Amir, so that, as in the case of the immortal Caesar, his very name, Changamire, would mean "emperor" forever . This flattery was too much for the old man to withstand . The new Changamire concluded his war against the central government with victory and the death of Nyahuma in battle in 1490. It was again the same old story of the wars that followed, the internal chaos during the rise and fall of one section of . the empire after another, and the murder of Changamire or, in short, the fragmentation of the empire until what remained was the much reduced northern region and about 600 miles along the Indian Ocean to an inland depth of between two and three hundred miles. In this much reduced and weakened state, Monomotapa had to meet a still more ruthless enemy when the Portuguese arrived in 1505 . They were aggressive . Their original aim to replace the Arabs first, to break and take over their commercial and political power in all of the now disunited kingdoms was ruthlessly pursued . This, it will be recalled, was implementing the original "Grand Design" that began in Kongo and Angola. Within fifty years they had penetrated all of these kingdoms, securing concessions of land, establishing trading posts and missions throughout the interior as well as along the Zambezi and the Indian Ocean coast and islands . The Arabs did not take all this without a fierce struggle, largely centered around attempting to incite the Blacks against the Portuguese, and thus creating further chaotic situations out of which they hoped somehow to emerge on top . The murder of a Portuguese priest at the court of the Monomotapan Emperor in 1561 was just what the Portuguese needed as a reason for open intervention with eventual Portuguese sovereignty over the entire region . It was an old trick, well known and practiced by the secret agents of great powers : To sacrifice one's own fellow citizens in a foreign land, if by so doing, the larger ends of the state might be served . The Portuguese version that[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:49pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]The foreigners' role was to intensify the disunity, to promote the suspicions and hatred that developed from it, and to check any tendency or movement toward unity among the Blacks .' All the Arabs had to do in Monomotapa was to move swiftly during the period of mourning, confusion and uncertainty following Matope's death . "Advisors" would surely be needed at the various provincial capitals more than ever. From these key bases they actively furthered the destruction of an empire, the very existence of which was a threat to their own power position within it . It was more than a threat, for had not Matope's sweep to the Indian Ocean reduced their control there, leaving them with only three trading stations? The Africans, already having the "every-province-for-itself" psychology, were simply urged to do more speedily what they were doing more slowly in their own way . Of Changa and Togwa it must be said to their honor that devoted servants, able generals, governors of two of the most important provinces, remained loyal to Mutota and Matope throughout their lifetime, a period of devoted service extending over forty years . Now, however, there appeared to be no reason or even a possibility for transfering the same loyalty and love to Nyahuma, weak son and successor to the great King. The Arabs hastened to exploit this in Guniuswa where Changa was king with aspirations to become emperor . Togwa, King of Mbire, supported his long-time friend and colleague in the imperial venture . Both occupied the most favorable position for rallying support, for they held the southern region which was the first center of Karanga power, the center from which the expansion spread, and the location of the first Zimbabwe capital . The Arab strategy must not be overlooked . Beyond the consideration of greater concessions from the winning side, they did not care which side won. They worked for and supported all sides, each against the other . None wanted a strong empire, but they wanted Changa to launch a war against the existing empire under the pretext of building a greater one than was possible under the new Emperor Nyahuma . The Arabs in the north, of course, would urge Nyahuma to crush the pretensions of the upstart Changa in the south . Arabs in both regions did more than ---------------------------------------------- Notes 2 . This strategy of the whites is as clear and unmistakable today as it was centuries ago . It is an aspect of what I have referred to as the "Grand Caucasian Consensus ." Yet Blacks appear to be heedless of it .[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:47pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]certainly the national center of religion .) The other important factor that should have made unity imperative was the greater prosperity that would flow from economic interdependence and close commercial relations between the constituent states and provinces . The great system of roads and highways, instead of being recaptured by the bush and forests after serving their initial military purpose, could have been converted into permanent national highways, crisscrossing the Empire, and thus serving as the indispensable communication links for administration, trade, travels by the people and, in short, unification . Other factors that should have been a solid foundation for black unity were the similarity of their social institutions and the absolute sameness of their constitutional system . Yet, with Matope's death the Empire began to break up. Why? Notwithstanding all the forces mentioned above that should have made for unity and stability, the actual fact is that the traditional African political system was fundamentally and structurally anti-empire . The very circumstance of the endless process of segmentation, of forever splintering off to form little independent mini-states, developed a built-in disunity, reinforced by the attending growth of different languages . But selfgovernment or chiefdom was a way of life, not a theory . Chiefs and Elders, as we have seen, were leaders, advisors and representatives of the people, and not their rulers . The same operating principle prevailed when a group of states united to form a kingdom and kingdoms united to form an empire, but with a disturbing difference : Centralization tended to erode local autonomy, transfering chiefs from the control of their people to the control of the central government . In the case of conquered territories this change was abrupt and painful . And it was one of the principal reasons for later rebellions and the break-up of kingdoms and empires . Therefore, let us say again, to say that Arabs and Europeans were solely or even mainly responsible for the destruction for the destruction of all great African states would be glossing over or attempting to ignore the principal internal factor : disunity . What the whites did, Asians and Europeans, was to appraise this continent-wide disunity and "cash in" on it to the fullest extent possible . They did not have to divide and conquer even, for the Blacks were already divided, just as though they were waiting for the foreign conquerors to come .[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:46pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]What would happen now? The great imperial system had been completed . Black unity had been achieved among numerous language groups on one of the widest scales in history, from Zambia down into South Africa . Cities of stone dotted the land, the Zimbabwe cities north and south were the deathless symbols of a people's greatness . The long wars of expansion seem to have stimulated economic development rather than hinder it . The government had gained a more direct control over the mines and mining industries, and this meant more control over the Arabs in the interior and on the coast, especially at Sofala, Kilimoni, Sena and Tete on the Zambezi . The agricultural system was actively promoted by the central government and, indeed, just as the vast building operations that produced the amazingly beautiful temples and huge structures such as the Great Zimbabwe were all government sponsored, so were all the other craft industries . Active government sponsorship, promotion or encouragement in all these fields did not necessarily mean government ownership or direct control . The Emperor Matope also left the country with a great organized religion with a powerful and formally organized priesthood, something unusual in Africa outside of ancient Egypt, Ethiopia, and Abyssinia . The traditional African religion is essentially the same everywhere on the continent, but it is generally unorganized and, therefore, has seldom had an organized priesthood with a single recognized creed or body of prescribed beliefs . Yet just about every African society known believed in one Almighty God, no matter by what name he was called or how many lesser gods there might be . In Monomotapa he was called Mwari-the Vakaranga version and contribution toward national unity . But would there be unity now that the last of the two great personalities around whom unity revolved had silently stolen away in the shadows of the Great Zimbabwe, gone forever? The question arises whenever a great leader passes ; political psychology and mass psychology are crucially combined . Whether a great state survives after the death of the leader who made it great and held its disparate parts together by his charisma, alone, would depend upon the good fortune of having a successor of equal greatness, or the miracle of having developed a strong spirit of national community, of oneness, of a loyalty and a sense of belonging to the nation that transcend the tribe . There were unifying factors which Matope left behind in his great empire . One was that same organized religion led by a highly advanced and literate priesthood . (Religious temples at the Great Zimbabwe was[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:44pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]Unlike most of the societies we have been studying, the Vakaranga clans had become patrilineal . Therefore, Mutota's son rather than his nephew was the successor to the throne . This was a happy circumstance, since the son, Matope, turned out to be as great a statesman-king and general as his late father . He had the greater task because some of the most powerful states in the "Blueprint" had yet to be won, and breaking Arab control over the seacoasts, the greatest undertaking, had not been achieved . Matope assumed the leadership aggressively, having the good fortune of securing the same loyalty the ablest generals had given to his father, supported by fanatically devoted soldiers . This was no accident, for Matope himself had been a popular young commander during his father's reign. Above all, Changa and Togwa, two of Matope's greatest generals, were his friends . The armies were reorganized, strengthened by relentless training, and expanded . This display of both strength and unity among the Blacks puzzled the Arabs . This was something new, amazing . They had a long history of dealing with Blacks, and nothing was better known than the disunity, mutual suspicions and the hostility of one group toward another . How was this spectacle of over thirty different tribal groups forming solid phalanxes of unity under black leaders to be explained? Moreover, the Arabs, who had always maintained their own black troops under Arab officers, were barred from joining the imperial forces by both Mutota and Matope . All this was seen as a very real threat to the powerful commercial position the Arabs had in all the hitherto independent states as well as the equally powerful political influence they enjoyed at the capitals of these states, not to mention their independent status on the coasts . Matope's campaigns for the unification of many states into one empire were not easy . For although the Arabs pledged and proclaimed their undying loyalty to the new Emperor as this mission of empire building advanced, they secretly gave active support to the armies of resisting states . Some of the key states that formed the Empire were Mbire, Guniuswa in the southern region; Chidima, Utonga, Barwe, Manyika, Madonda, and Shiringoma formed the eastern and southeastern region . It took thirty years of unremitting efforts to complete the Empire of Monomotapa with its long eastern border bathed at last by the Indian Ocean. Every detail of his father's specifications having been carried out in full, a weary Emperor, worn out by the task, retired for the final sleep. The year was 1480 . ***[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:43pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]But, returning to the traditional white line in this case of the Vakaranga king, Abraham and others say that the Arabs persuaded him to unify and expand the country north and south and to the Indian Ocean-the Arabs who had nothing to gain from a strong and unified Black empire and might lose what they had . Professor Abraham says that the Arabs "conceived and implanted in the mind of the Rosvi king a desire for empire ."' The empire was to serve as an "effective umbrella," protecting their operations in the country from the Portuguese . Scholarly reasoning, but logical? Of course, except that there were no Portuguese or Portuguese threats in the area in 1440 . They did not arrive until 65 years later . Meanwhile Mutota moved forward . His first move was to recruit and build up strong, well-trained armies, each under an able general . He displayed the mark of a great executive by his keen insight in the evaluation and selection of men for posts of high responsibility and, in so doing, secured the active support of the Great Council of the realm . It is significant, too, that his leadership strategy included recruiting soldiers from the surrounding states which were not yet a part of the projected empire . Another important move was to secure unity through the voluntary association of as many states as possible before any conquest by force was attempted . The usual African pattern of empire building was followed : All states joining the imperial union were not only assured of autonomy but special rights also, such as membership in the Great Council of the Empire, a privilege denied territories that had to be conquered . With these policies reaffirmed and settled, Mutota's formidable armies began their sweep in the different planned directions and fields of operation. The main drive was northward under the command of the King himself . Within ten years all territory between the Limpopo in South Africa to the Zambezi had been brought under imperial rule . The great undertaking was far from completion when Mutota died in 1450 . The objectives had been worked out in detailed specifications of a blueprint for expansion, unification and development of a great empire composed of great states . ----------------------------------------------- Notes 1 . D.P. Abraham, "MARAMUCA : An Exercise in the Combined Use of Portuguese Records and Oral Tradition," Journal of African History, Vol. II, No . 2, 1961 .[/b] |
| Politics › Re: The Destruction of Black Civilization by Chancellor Williams by Tochi3(op): 6:42pm On Mar 10, 2012 |
[b]Mutota and the new leaders saw and understood this very well . They knew where almost all the gold, copper, iron and tin had been going from over 4,000 mines. They knew how all the strategems used by the Blacks to bar the Arabs from the interior had failed, and would continue to fail as long as the Arabs controlled all overseas trade by controlling the entire seaboard and, having done so unchallenged for so long that they now claimed sovereignty over the whole coastal area . Therefore, Mutota, in 1440, began the campaign to carry out his own "Grand Design," a great plan that aimed at nothing less than uniting .Blacks in a vast empire that cut across South Africa below the Limpopo River, and covered Rhodesia with an indefinite boundary beyond the Zambezi River in Zambia, and on over Mozambique to the Indian Ocean, sweeping southward again to repossess the entire coastline fronting the new empire. Now is all of this the same version as given by Abraham and other Western historians? Would an Arab historian, no-matter what the fact : might be, present it this way? Of course not . The Western historians, employing their usual club to crush rebellion from the masters' viewpoints, would proclaim "sheer Romanticism!" For, see here now, listen : Does not Professor Abraham make it quite clear at the very outset that no black man, king or commoner, could have conceived of such a vast undertaking? What black man, unaided by whites, could have Mutota's great and awe-inspiring vision? Abraham and his school might well thank their God that there were many "White" Arabs around to whom such credit could be given . After a review of so many centuries of the ideological stance of writers where Blacks are concerned, anger and outrage should be replaced with amusement . For it has become amusing-to this writer at any rate-to witness the sweating dilemma of these investigators when confronted with any kind of all-Black achievements, even in relatively unimportant and routine matters which any human or, any people of any race anywhere would be thought capable of achieving. But where Blacks are involved in anything considered outstanding, the whites somehow feel threatened . What is threatened, of course, is the deeply rooted presupposition of the innate inferiority of the Blacks . If somewhere in their long history a single record of outstanding achievement by Blacks was found by whites and declared at once to be such, rather than "evidently" non-Negroid, if this was ever done the black world has been unable to discover it and, if there is an error here or a misconception, a correction is welcomed .[/b] |
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