₦airaland Forum

The extremists' organization never disappoints.

Amoto94:
You be bad person. Nothing surprise me anymore ever since Someone wrote something and later denied even in the face of glaring evidence, we will continue to expose intellectual frauds and dishonest folks that havepopulated Seun's forum till sanity is restored. One got his hands severed for betting foolishly, the other switched off and left pastor with nothing to give as first fruit.

Lols, agnostics and atheists are dishonest and fraudulent people?

I know you can only say such in this jungle, not in a developed country where there are many freethinkers.

Only a narrow-minded, religious bigot sees anyone who doesn't believe in his god dishonest and fraudulent.

That's why people like you are either a terrorist or terrorist apologist.

So, if you see any atheist or agnostic on this thread, you naturally link them with this account.

It's obvious you need a psychiatric check-up.

Last week, I visited the Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta, for a health issue. In the emergency section, I saw various patients, some with life-threatening medical conditions and others who survived a ghastly road accident.

The sight was quite traumatizing, and I wonder how medical doctors and nurses cope as health care givers, who attend to and treat this kind of patients regularly.

As a medical practitioner, do you get traumatized when treating road accident victims (especially, the fatal ones), and if so, how do you cope and live a normal life?

Amoto94:
He is A001

Stop linking me with a deactivated account on Nl. I only have one account on this site, which is this one.

If you've any business with any inactive account on Nl, you can contact the site's owner.

Capaldi:
You want translation when there's lack of scientific terms in various African languages. Is it the white man that will create them for you?

If you're an African and are a scientist, you can develop these scientific concepts and principles in your mother tongue.

The mainstream science in Greek, Latin, German, English languages were also developed by humans like you and I.

It takes a lot of hard work, passion, and dedication to achieve this feat, but it's doable.

Amoto94:
There is an ongoing work to translate science textbooks into Hausa, when I first saw the news on twitter some from the south were the ones criticising the initiative it was Kola Tubosun who argued in the favor of the project on twitter that day. There is a girl who developed an app to teach maths in Hausa, and Lukgaf is teaching maths using Yoruba. Myself I have an abandoned Ebira language project which I intend to finish in the future In sha Allah.
Isaac Newton and other English scientists didn't wait for Romans to translate scientific works for them they did the hardwork themselves.

Kudos. It's good to see the online discussion on science, religion, history, and culture yielding some good fruits.

Havertz10:
Our ancestors were good

While I agree that the difference between good and evil is gray

Sacrificing human beings like yourselves in service to an imaginary being is unjustifiable irrespective of the context

They were barbaric animals and will systematically be wiped away from the record of human history

You're not quite knowledgeable in history. That's why you think the barbaric practice of human ritual is/was only common in Africa.

Get good books of history and read the history of the other races.

If you know Africa history well enough, then I think you should be more concerned about why Africa is still stuck with the stone age practice of human rituals at an age when the Europeans and Asians (especially the Arabs), who also engaged in the barbaric act in the past, have largely abolished it.

Godx:
How the hell is translating the bible into various languages a scam? Christianity and Missionaries were smart. They knew in order to persuade and spike interest in ordinary people to accept and believe something, you have to be able to explain it to them in their own language. Maybe instead of calling it a scam, you adopt the same approach with education.

It's a scam from the perspectives of the mentally enslaved ones/the traditionalists.

But from the perspective of European supremacists and Arab slave masters, it's being smart.

Godx:
Maybe instead of calling it a scam, you adopt the same approach with education.

Even if you adopt the same approach for education, the method won't work unless most Nigerians (or Africans) love the native languages and the traditional values.

But the majority of us hate and demonize the native cultures, including our mother tongue.

What one can really do to change the situation is to encourage people to appreciate the local cultures and languages and urge the teaching of science subjects and courses in schools in our native tongue.

This is a powerful write-up worth sharing (even though I know only few people would read it to the end):

�*COPIED FROM ANOTHER PLATFORM�

I have been following the presentations of my Sisters and Brothers in some of these Royal fora and I have lived in many parts of this world and speak their langauges and learned their behaviours... So I ask...

Do you want to know what a scam is?

A scam is having the Bible translated into Swahili, Igbo, Yoruba, Zulu, Tswana, Ndebele and every other African language, but having zero scientific book translated into a single African language. That, is a conspiracy. That, is a trap. And that, is a scam. Someone who can be scammed with the same trick over and over again for decades upon decades, is considered a fool and their gullibility and lack of critical thinking make them willing participants in their own demise.

I have walked into different libraries and I've seen University Science Books translated into Chinese, Russian, Portuguese, French, German, Spanish and so forth. I've seen, Think And Grow Rich by Napolean Hill translated into French. I've seen the Japanese version of A Man's Search For Meaning. I've seen a Spanish version of The Alchemist. I've seen the Korean version of The Art of War. All of these books, I've seen them in various languages but NOT in any African language.

You will never find a church in Africa where the English speaking preacher would not have a native translator next to them doing the translation.

Here's where the scam comes in: you also will never find a school in Africa where the English speaking teacher WILL be having a native translator next to them translating Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Geography, Economics etc to the students.

I've seen many Science Books translated into various languages but NONE in any African language. The Chinese are taught Mathematics in Chinese. The Japanese are taught Engineering in Japanese. They're all taught Finance, Astrophysics, Medicine, Accounting, Geology, Management, Government and so on in their languages. The ONLY book that Africans have in their language IS THE BIBLE. And the ONLY time Africans have something translated to them in their language IS IN A CHURCH.

Important Historical Facts

THINK SERIOUSLY ABOUT THIS

The Black African, the wretched of the earth, is the only member of the human race who has been brainwashed to think that his ancestors bequeathed him with a curse that has prevented him from attaining aspired goals and life desires. Almost every misfortune he encounters on earth is the fault of some ancestors... who must be bound and cast with the fire of the Holy Ghost in the name of Jesus.

The white people don't have terrible ancestors who have done terrible things. No. It's only the black ancestor. Over the years, the black ancestor has been so vilified by Christians they pay tithes, stay up all night, fast and pray to destroy the African ancestor in the name of Jesus. The black ancestor is so wicked he cursed his own kids.

Having cursed his ancestor who gave him life, the black man is roaming around the world like a tortoise without a shell. He has no backbone. Zero identity. Thus no race respects him. He's lynched in Malaysia, incarcerated in Cambodia. He's shot like a dog in the streets of America. In Europe, he cleans the white man's shit. And they spit on him. Why won't they? A man who hates himself and despises his roots deserves no respect whatsoever.

John Hawkins was a foremost English slave trader, a thief, and by contemporary moral standards he can as well be called a terrorist. John Hawkins made three trips to West Africa in the 1560s, and stole Africans whom he sold to the Spanish in America. On returning to England after the first trip, his profit was so handsome that Queen Elizabeth I became interested in directly participating in his next venture; and she provided for that purpose a ship named JESUS. Hawkins left with JESUS to steal some more Africans, and he returned to England with such dividends that Queen Elizabeth made him a knight. Hawkins chose as his coat of arms the representation of an African in chains.

Today the generations of Hawkins and Queen Elizabeth I are alive and enjoying life from the proceeds of their Evil ancestors. They don't demonise their ancestors despite their active involvement in the greatest evil humanity has ever witnessed. Both individuals sanctioned rape, kidnapping and mass murder, but their children don't bear "ancestral curses" like black Africans. You'd be hard pressed to see a member of the British elite publicly denounce slavery.

Isn't it time to emancipate yourself from mental slavery oh ye Negro? If ancestral curse exists, who should suffer from it? The ancestor who kidnapped and raped and murdered and pillaged and stole and enslaved his fellow man, or the man whose freedom was taken from him? Surely, the man who threw pregnant Negro women to sharks at Sea because they were too weak, deserves his future generations to suffer and not the man whose society was so pure they had no prisons to punish offenders.

Do these Black Africans who will go to church today binding and casting "ancestral curses", know that almost all the top British politicians from the 17th century till the 19th century were proud slave merchants? It is on record that 15 Lord Mayors of London, 25 sheriffs and 38 aldermen of the City of London were shareholders in the Royal Africa Company (RAC) between 1660-1690. The RAC alone was responsible for trafficking over 1.5million Negroes to Britain and twice that number to the Caribbean.

David and Alexander Barclays were active participants in the kidnapping and enslavement of millions of black Africans. As was standard practice at the time, the risky and long-term nature of transatlantic slave trading required new banking houses that could offer credits to prospective slave traders, for periods of between one and a half to three years. One bank that provided this service was run by Alexander and David Barclay. Their bank still carries their name. The Barclay's Bank is also a proud sponsor of the English Premier league that me and you are fanatical fans of Chelsea and Arsenal and Man United today.

Their children don't bind and cast their ancestral evil, rather it is the Negro whose ancestors were dehumanised and tortured and enslaved, that keeps praying against "ancestral curses."

The Bank of England was also involved in the slave trade. Sir Richard Neaves, who was the director of the bank for 48 years, was also the chairman of the Society of West India Merchants. A group of vile men who stole Africans and made handsome profits by selling them on to farmers who needed them to work in their sugar and tobacco plantations in the West Indies.

Today Liverpool Football club will be playing Tottenham Hotspur in the Barclay's premier League. Pay attention. How many of you who are Liverpool supporters today know that the initial founders of that football club were retired slave traders, whom in 1892, with slavery outlawed, decided to invest their money in a football club that will reap future rewards for their generations to come via a bank called Arthur Heywood and Sons & Co.. That bank would be absorbed in turn by the Bank of Liverpool, Martin’s Bank and Barclay’s Bank.

You watch them and shout in ecstasy when they score. But a pastor somewhere will tell you the reason you're poor is because your ancestors committed evil, hence the reason you experience ill luck. And you will believe and start casting and binding rubbish!

For your information, Liverpool was a major port for the transatlantic slave trade. Slave ships were often built or repaired in Liverpool. Nearly one and a half million Africans were forcibly transported across the Atlantic in Liverpool ships. The 'Liverpool Merchant' was the first recorded slave ship to sail from Liverpool. She set sail on 3 October 1699 and arrived in Barbados on 18 September 1700 with a cargo of 220 enslaved Africans. Part owner Sir Thomas Johnson is known as the 'founder of modern Liverpool'.

Liverpool city wouldn't be what it is today without the trade in black Africans. The personal and civic wealth gained from slaving cemented the foundations for the Liverpool's future growth.

The children and grandchildren and great grand children of the perpetrators of this monstrosity against the black Man enjoy heaven here on earth, and live in more stable environment. They have managed to stabilise their society and solve their problem and live in relative peace.

But the Negro ancestors, the wretched of the earth, who was kidnapped and his freedom forcefully taken away from him; he was sentenced to a plantation for the rest of his life. It is this ancestor an bed many others who is demonised by Christians as having bequeathed their offsprings with "curses".
Our Ancestors are good men and women...

Shocking news.

geoworldedu:
MMM taught me lesson that yr

Where have you been?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWpy0SAAI6E

Large Hadron Collider restarts after three-year break

The Large Hadron Collider restarted Friday after a three-year break for upgrades that will allow it to smash protons together at even greater speeds, in the hope of making new ground-breaking discoveries.

It will further study the Higgs boson, the existence of which it proved in 2012, and put the Standard Model of particle physics to the test after recent anomalies sparked theories about a mysterious fifth force of nature.

"Two beams of protons circulated in opposite directions around the Large Hadron Collider's 27-kilometer (17-mile) ring" just after noon on Friday, Europe's physics lab CERN said in a statement.

Buried more than 100 meters (330 feet) beneath the border of Switzerland and France, the collider has been closed since December 2018 for maintenance and upgrades, the second longest shutdown in its 14-year history.

To start with, the collider is taking it easy.

A "relatively small number of protons" were circulated at an energy of 450 billion electronvolts, CERN said.

"High-intensity, high-energy collisions are a couple of months away," the head of CERN's beams department Rhodri Jones said.

CERN said its experts "will work around the clock" to get the collider ready to set a new record of 13.6 trillion electronvolts.

The unprecedented number of upcoming collisions will also serve as the starting gun for four years of massive data collection and analysis by CERN's four huge particle detectors.

'Exciting few years'

The Large Hadron Collider's observation of the Higgs boson was seen as further verification of the Standard Model, which is the best theory scientists have for the most basic building blocks of the universe and what forces govern them.

But the collider's new phase of exploration comes at an interesting time, with the Standard Model coming under pressure by a series of measurements that do not seem to fit within its framework.

Earlier this month more than 400 scientists said that after a decade of measuring they had found that the W boson has a significantly greater mass than the Standard Model allowed for.

Harry Cliff, a particle physicist at Cambridge University, said the collider's upgrade means "it's going to be an exciting few years".

Cliff studies particles called beauty quarks at the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) and said they "are not behaving as we would expect" under the Standard Model.

"All these anomalies could be explained by a single new force," Cliff told AFP.

There are currently four known fundamental forces of nature—gravity, electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces—and a fifth would be a "really big deal," he said.

Another explanation could be that we know less than we thought.

It could be that "we're actually looking at one corner of the picture, and there's a much bigger picture where the Standard Model makes a lot of sense," Cliff said.

Either way, it would "be a step on a road to a more unified understanding of the basic ingredients of the universe," he said.

One of the biggest holes in the Standard Model is that it fails to account for dark matter, which is thought to make up a significant amount of the universe.

So far the Large Hadron Collider has found no signs of dark matter.

"By its nature it's hard to detect," Cliff said.

But he added that "would be a big breakthrough, if we could find a particle of dark matter".

Source: https://phys.org/news/2022-04-large-hadron-collider-restarts-three-year.html

OtemAtum:
A supporter of Osinachi's husband, the wife beater could have easily concocted this story. I smelt fakeness right from the start to end.

It seems you've ignored us, your fans on Nairaland. You don't reply emails, don't update your threads regularly like you used to do before the COVID-19 period.

Kindly share more wisdom with us on your threads. Thanks a lot.

Kenneth4u205:
I was once foolish like the op, thinking that I was wise .

Our ancestors never believed that iron can float in the air (aeroplane). Our ancestors never believed that you can speak with someone in another continent with a small toy in your hand ( mobile phones).

That's why I call the op foolish. Calling something impossible just because your foolish brain failed to understand the principles on which such things work is the highest form of foolishness that can be passed to your unborn kids if something is not done .

I wouldn't even try to explain to you how those things you call impossible in the Bible is actually possible. Because your level of reasoning is so low . Brain power low . I can bet that you never came close to the tenth position while in school. You think scientists were able to invent aeroplane,mobile phone ,TV with such level of reasoning like yours ?.

Can you tell me how the speaker in your phone can speak Yoruba , Hausa and youruba ?. Yet you play music without wondering coils of wire inside a box can speak different languages.

Study to be wise . When you are mature enough and ready ,the Holy spirit will teach you the Bible

Ignorant guy! Was any of those machines invented using the Bible? NO.

They're all products of man's ingenuity thanks to science and technology.

No good things are invented with your Bible apart from threats and noises of hell fire, end time.

Your god is useless like the p in psychology.

Workch:
That's what God is exactly is, Axiom

Okay

Workch:
But this is exactly what an Axiom is, something that people believe to be true but is not necessarily true and hasn't been proven to be true.

No, axioms are self-evident truths.

Workch:
An Axiom is a statement or principle that is generally accepted to be true, but need not be so:
1. It is a widely held axiom that governments should not negotiate with terrorists.
2. God exist and He created heaven and earth. While this might be accept to be true but its not necessarily true because it cannot and hasn't been proven. But for the purpose of argument, people accept it to be true.

A theorem is a formula, proposition, or statement in mathematics or logic deduced or to be deduced from other formulas or propositions. 2 : an idea accepted or proposed as a demonstrable truth often as a part of a general theory : proposition the theorem that the best defense is offense.
God doesn't fall in this category because it becomes a problem when you ask theist to demonstrate with evidence their God in action. You start hearing all sort of fallacies and excuses.

So God is an Axiom and not a theorem.

God isn't really an axiom because his/her/its existence isn't an established scientific fact.

musicwriter:
Without an option to delete a number, it means the NIN project is an exercise in futility.

Please is there any update, bro?

Workch:
We won't say they are another species if they can still mate with each. Look at it like this, we have different species of rats, they cannot mate with earth other, they are sill rats.
We have different species of dogs, including the painted dogs, gray wolf's and domestics dogs, they cannot mate, they are still dogs.
We have different species of cats, they cannot mate, they are still cats.

It's the same way we have different species and new species of finches that cannot mate hence speciation.
There's no amount of advancement that can make about 50,000 - 100,000 generations of flies possible in 50years. That's about the amount of generations you need to start seeing any effect of speciation. The ideal way to experiment speciation is in microorganisms, they have the ability fo reproduce fast and Create new species within our lifetime.
artifical breeding of dogs is recent in the context of evolution considering that we didn't start domestication of animals until recently in respect to 4billion+ years of the age of earth. Now do the scaling
I think you have issues knowing what a species actually is.

Bacteria is not a specie, bacteria in taxonomy is a kingdom. So you got to still go down to phyla, classes, orders, family, genus before getting to species. Speciation deals with emergence of different species and not different genus, family or order etc. So your comment about bacteria still being bacteria is a misinterpretation of what speciation deals with. You are assuming that a bacteria has to become like amoeba in the kingdom protozao or a dog in kingdom animalia for it to be called speciation. No that's not how it works

For example, if you observe E. Coli for another species, we can call them E. Colus, that's speciation because it cannot exchange genetic material with its parent bacteria. It mustn't a case where E. Coli becomes a dog before you say speciation has happened. As long as a species cannot mate with its parents species, it's speciation and we have observed that happened

Your knowledge of biological science is commendable.

But I want you to think about this: The Earth is around 4.5 billion years old, the Homo Erectus epoch occurred approximately 2 million years before the modern man, and the Homo Sapiens era is about 280,000 years old.

The Age of Scientific Enlightenment is around 600 years old, and today, scientists can breed some organisms like microbes, rats, dogs, etc. as a result of the key advances made in some areas of biological sciences within the last 100 years.

If we can record much achievements in just a relatively short period of time, then we can't rule out the possibility that some human species in the past had bred many organisms, even including humans.

Do you honestly believe that homo erectuses, who lived much longer than the oldest modern man, wouldn't have achieved a lot more than what we've managed to achieve within just a few hundred years of scientific advancement?

Personally, I don't think so.

I think there have been much advanced races of humans that had make great inventions on this planet (the likes of the Egyptian pyramids) whose inventions had been completely destroyed by climate change that led to the extinction of older species or moved to other planets for space colonization programs.

You can't know all the progress made in genetics, molecular biology in the last 100 years, especially in areas like breeding and cloning of animals and plants, and then rule out the possibility of intelligent design in the origin of life on this planet.

(I predict that our science will still develop a lot in the future to that point, though it could take hundreds of years.)

Keep in mind that recorded history doesn’t cover even 10% of the history of Earth, which has existed for about 4.5 billion years.

If there had been older species of humans that lived with a life span at least one thousand years and could transfer their knowledge to their descendants, then it's possible our (glorious) sciences are still primitive compared to theirs.

Then, we can't even rule out the possibility of some past beings not having an average lifespan of millions of years since we know little about our solar system and very little about our galaxy (the Milky Way), let alone the universe.

We've not even explored the whole of Earth.

That's why I urge people to approach scientific concepts and principles, including evolution, with an open mind and caution.

Insightful takes by Workch and seunH.

Evolution, as a well-established natural phenomenon, occurs over several generations which can take hundreds of thousands of years.

Thus, it takes time to really observe evolutionary changes in a species.

Just like our ancestors, we, homo sapiens, have also been evolving slowly over the past 280,000 years.

I predict that in many millenia in the future or a few million years, our species will become extinct, and new species of humans will arise.

As scientifically literate people, we know there's nothing like end time as the religionists say, but the end of one species and the beginning of another.

Existence is in cycles, which occur infinitely.

Even as successful as Neo-Darwinism is, I think in the coming years as we make progress in space science, we'll still make radical changes to that theory.

Having read various books of history and archeology and interacted with some old people in my area, I know scientists don't yet understand how human life started on Earth.

I think it's possible that much older species of apes (including humans) and other animals started existing a few million years after the Earth was formed via Big Bang; these creatures evolved from stars via Big Bang.

(At least, I believe we know that almost all the elements constituting our bodies came from stars.)

I posit Big Bang gave rise to stars that evolved into prehistoric living creatures, one of which early humans were among.

I think evolution is much wider than we think and that stars can also evolve over time to form living creatures, among other things.

How this process works is what I don't understand yet, but I'm learning more about it as a physicist.

But what's clear is that all things, including humans and the other apes, change (evolve) over time.

Humans are higher animals called apes.

Homo sapiens is #9. Who were the eight other human species?

There were at least eight other human species, some of whom existed for far longer than we have. Who were they?

-Most experts agree that our species, Homo sapiens (Latin for “wise men”), is the ninth and youngest human species.

-The lives of the other eight species tell a story of how humans slowly evolved away from the other apes, developing the ability to walk, eat meat, hunt, build shelters, and perform symbolic acts.

-Our ancestors probably pushed our closest relatives, the Neanderthals, to extinction. Wise guys finish last.

We like to think humans are special. Certainly our species has some impressive accomplishments compared to those of our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees and bonobos.

Yes, these species fight, communicate, and use tools.

But none developed a formal language, traveled space, altered the course of a planet’s climate, painted the Mona Lisa, composed Für Elise, conceived of the Internet, or invented Velcro.

It seems odd that our closest living relatives have such little ambition. (Though arguably, they have more peace — well, except for the Gombe Chimpanzee War.)

Have you ever wondered why there is not another species like us?

One line of reasoning suggests that we would not be so unique had we not killed off some of our relatives.

The eight other human species

Around 6 million years ago, a branch of apes evolved to become the first species of the genus Homo.

These early humans ditched the long arms of apes for stronger legs. While they could no longer swing around on trees, they could stand upright, walk, and colonize new ecosystems, away from the forest.

The brains of early humans grew until we were using complex tools to hunt large animals, build fires, and construct shelters.

By the time Homo sapiens arrived on the scene some 300,000 years ago, we were the ninth Homo species, joining habilis, erectus, rudolfensis, heidelbergensis, floresiensis, neanderthalensis, naledi, and luzonensis.

Many of these species lived for much longer periods of time than we have, yet we get all the attention. It is time for a family reunion.

H. habilis: the handy man (2.4 million – 1.4 million years ago)

In 1960, a team of researchers uncovered fossilized remains of an early human in Tanzania.

These fossils had braincases slightly larger than those of apes. Suspecting that these specimens were responsible for the thousands of stone tools found near the site, scientists dubbed the species “handy man” — Homo habilis.

Thought to have evolved nearly 2.4 million years ago, H. habilis is widely considered to be the first member of the genus Homo that evolved from apes.

H. Habilis was small, clocking in around 70 pounds and standing somewhere between 3.5 feet and 4.5 feet tall.

We also know that H. habilis made complex tools, including stones used to butcher animals. H. Habilis lived as the only member of our genus for nearly a million years.

H. erectus: the enduring hiker (1.89 million to 110,000 years ago)

As the name implies, Homo erectus is the first known Homo species that stood fully upright. H. erectus featured other, modern human proportions distinct from those of apes: shorter arms relative to the torso, and long legs adapted for walking and running, rather than climbing trees.

H. erectus is the first human with a significantly larger braincase than that of apes.

They also had smaller teeth. The latter adaptation probably helped H. erectus eat meat and quickly digestible protein.

This would fuel the increased nutritional requirements that came with taller bodies and larger brains.

In fact, scientists found campfires and hearths near the remains of H. erectus, suggesting they were the first humans to dabble with cooking — a uniquely human activity that gave us access to easily digestible food, allowing our brains and bodies to grow.

H. erectus was a very successful species.

They walked the Earth for a period lasting nearly nine times as long as our current reign.

H. rudolfensis: the stranger (1.9 million to 1.8 million years ago)

We know little about Homo rudolfensis, a hominid discovered near Kenya’s Lake Rudolf (now known as Lake Turkana).

H. rudolfensis had a considerably greater braincase than Homo habilis — a good indicator that the species was human.

However, some scientists argue it may be better placed with the genus Australopithecus, a close relative of Homo, because of its smaller size and similarities in the pelvis and shoulder.

H. heidelbergensis: the hunter (700,000 to 200,000 years ago)

Around 700,000 years ago, Homo heidelbergensis (sometimes referred to as Homo rhodesiensis) arrived on the scene in Europe and eastern Africa.

Scientists think that these smaller, wider humans were the first to live in cold places.

The remains of animals like horses, elephants, hippopotamuses, and rhinoceroses, were found together with H. heidelbergensis.

That proximity suggests that this group of humans was the first to hunt larger animals with spears.

To stay warm, these humans also learned how to control fire, and they built simple shelters out of wood and rock.

Most scientists agree that the African branch of H. heidelbergensis gave rise to our own species, Homo sapiens.

H. floresiensis: the Hobbit (100,000 to 50,000 years ago)

Homo floresiensis is known only from remains found in 2003 on the Island of Flores, Indonesia. Along with the remains of H. floresiensis were some stone tools, dwarf elephants and komodo dragons — a discovery that paints quite a scene of the island life of these small humans.

The isolation of H. floresiensis likely contributed to its small brains and stature (estimated at approximately 3 feet, 6 inches from a female specimen).

In fact, its size conforms to the ecological principle of insular dwarfism, which predicts that animals reduce their body size when their population’s range is limited to a small island environment.

H. floresiensis made stone tools and hunted diminutive elephants, whose own small size stands as another example of insular dwarfism.

How H. floresiensis arrived at its namesake island is still unknown — the nearest island is separated from Flores by 6 miles of rough seas.

H. neanderthalensis: The Neanderthal thinkers (400,000 – 40,000 years ago)

Say hello to our closest relatives — the Neanderthals.

Neanderthals were shorter and stockier than us but had brains that were as big, or even bigger, than our own. Neanderthals lived a tough life.

We find bones riddled with fractures, suggesting they did not always succeed when they hunted large animals.

They also lived in seriously cold environments in Europe and in southeastern and central Asia.

To cope, they made fires and lived in sophisticated shelters. They also made clothing, using complex tools such as sewing needles crafted from bone.

Scientists have found dozens of fully articulated Neanderthal skeletons across many sites, which suggests that the Neanderthals buried their dead and marked their graves.

This indicates that Neanderthals conducted the kind of symbolic acts associated with the cognitive processes that lead to language.

Their burials also helped modern humans: With so many intact specimens, scientists have successfully extracted Neanderthal DNA. Using that resource, researchers found that at one point, humans and Neanderthals mated.

H. naledi: the enigmatic newcomer (335,000 to 236,000 years ago)

Homo naledi were small hominids that lived in South Africa. We do not know much about H. naledi, because they were only discovered in late 2015.

In a single expedition, scientists excavated an astounding 1,550 specimens from at least 15 individuals. These specimens show us that H. naledi were small (around 4 feet, 9 inches).

While the excavation unearthed a treasure trove of human fossils, the researchers found no tools or other animals alongside H. naledi, so their lifestyle remains a mystery.

H. luzonensis: a polemic finding (at least 67,000 years ago)

In 2019, researchers visited a small cave on an island in northern Indonesia. Inspired by the discovery of H. floresiensis, the scientists wondered whether other islands also had human dwellers.

The researchers struck gold — kind of. Though they found human remains, they only unearthed seven teeth, three foot bones, two finger bones, and a fragment of a thighbone.

Still, due to its geographic isolation and small size, the scientists felt confident in declaring that this species was unknown to science.

They named it luzonensis after Luzon, the island on which it was found.

Some researchers question the finding, arguing that there were not enough remains to rule out that H. luzonensis is a variant of the well-known island-dweller H. floresiensis.

The discovery reinvigorated questions of how exactly these humans reached the islands.

Wise guys finish last

Not all these extinct humans coexisted with our H. sapiens ancestors. Most of them probably went extinct due to intense changes in climate.

However, scientists suspect we were hardly friendly with species such as H. neanderthalis that did live alongside us.

After humans moved into Europe, Neanderthal numbers began to dwindle. Since we all know what humans are capable of — great acts of mercy, but also of war and violence — we do not really need to guess at what happened. We competed for space and food, and we outmatched our closest relatives.

The fact that they held on for so long suggests the tides could have turned easily against us.

Neanderthals left their mark in our DNA
Our enemies were also, evidently, our lovers

Scientists extracted some DNA from Neanderthal specimens and demonstrated that H. sapiens and H. neanderthalis mated; in fact, our genomes all include one percent to eight percent neanderthal DNA.

The Neanderthals are not alone in leaving their mark on our genetic blueprint — some of us might share DNA from archaic humans discovered in the Denisovan Cave in Siberia’s Altai mountains.

Though we do not have enough remains to describe species in the Denisovan group, scientists managed to collect DNA from a juvenile female finger bone.

Most scientists suggest that the Denisovans suffered the same fate as Neanderthals: They were outcompeted by our ancestors, but only after sharing ancient beds.

Source: https://bigthink.com/the-past/other-human-species/

Complex Life May Have Started on Earth Much Earlier Than We Thought: https://www.sciencealert.com/complex-life-may-have-started-on-earth-much-earlier-than-we-thought

Insightful piece.

OtemAtum:
hmm

Interesting report.

What do you think about the news report released last week about the declassified UFO files stating some people in the US had burns, nervous damage, depression, got pregnant, and experienced other effects due to close encounter with UFOs?

Do you think UFOs or some UFOs are a threat to humans?

Candidlady:
Infidel




Infidel numero ii

Lols. Infidel-in-chief

Failed religion. Failed god. Failed state.

BlueRayDick:
Yes, He's one of the brilliant minds. His story is inspiring for the young ones.

As regards his eyeing ministerial appointment, I can only say lol . These politicians will note even look his side. The max he can get is someone like Soludo being governor and making him special adviser. All those commissioner, ministerial portfolio are gifted people to pay back for their contribution to the emergence of the governor/president.

.
That's the sorry reality. And yea, his story is really inspiring.

User09:
Nothing special in his propositions.

Donations to educational institute and/or NGO's are already tax deductible according to Nigeria tax laws

I didn't say anything as regards his propositions in the comment you quoted.

But I admire the numerous accolades he earned while in the secondary school and the universities.

He's a gifted man.

BlueRayDick, see your friend eyeing a ministerial position. It's nice to have highly intelligent people like him in governance in Nigeria.

I read about his profile the other day and discovered he's highly brilliant.