Rossupti:


My brother, Oyinbo dealt with us.

They dealt with us to the point that even long after they left, the effects of their evil machinations reverberate across our lands.

To the point that we see them today and smile, and consider them our friends, looking up to them, as we hate each other based on divisions they created..

This is why I tell people that the payback from heaven to the Causasian race will be HUGE when it comes.

Watch and see.

Rossupti:


Dude. I'm not on your level. Please, go and debate your mates.

Rossupti:
Making tribe

In Africa, as in the US, the ruling powers faced the challenge of subjugating black people.

[In Africa], however, racial strategies were unsuited for the task at hand since a black majority with a united race consciousness would pose a threat to white minority control. European powers therefore turned towards a tribal strategy of creating and enforcing divisions in the majority. They entrenched the “tribe” as the basis of social, economic and political life through a policy known as indirect rule.

Before the colonial era, African ethnicities had been highly fluid and malleable phenomena. They did not exist as corporate entities. Boundaries were really shades of grey. People switched back and forth between groups. And, for the most part, no central authority enforced a shared set of laws through a monopoly of violence. As historian Terence Ranger writes in The Invention of Tradition:

“Almost all recent studies of nineteenth-century pre-colonial Africa have emphasized that far from there being a single ‘tribal’ identity, most Africans moved in and out of multiple identities, defining themselves at one moment subject to this chief, at another moment as a member of that cult, at another moment as part of this clan, and at yet another moment as an initiate in that professional guild… the boundaries of the ‘tribal’ polity and the hierarchies of authority within them did not define conceptual horizons of Africans.”



Tribe, in other words, was not an exclusive political category before the onset of colonial rule. Ethnolinguistic groups – people who shared a language and ethnicity – did not necessarily constitute a political grouping known as tribe. As the eminent scholar Mahmood Mamdani puts it in Define and Rule:

“Did tribe exist [in Africa] before colonialism? If we understand by tribe an ethnic group with a common language, it did. But tribe as an administrative entity that distinguishes between natives and non-natives and systematically discriminates in favor of the former against the latter – defining access to land and participation in local governance and rules for settling disputes according to tribal identity – certainly did not exist before colonialism.”

This messy and fluid picture was untenable to European intentions. What followed then was a process of legally defining and enforcing tribes, identities and customary laws. An alliance between scientific authority and political power, as in America, was needed for the task. What the biologist did for the racialisation project in the US, the anthropologist did for the tribalisation project in Africa.

Ethnolinguistic groups were legally defined as tribes, becoming legal and administrative categories for the first time. Disparate communities were collapsed into new creations of Shona, Yoruba, Luhya, Igbo. Even multiethnic states such as Ndebele in southern Africa were defined as a tribe, while some groups, like the Yaaku of East Africa, were simply left out and forced to integrate into adjacent demarcations.

Colonies were divided into administrative units that approximated boundaries between the defined tribes, and a “native authority” was put in charge to enforce customary law by force. Where a chief was identifiable, the British brought them into the colonial administrative structure and gave them absolute autocratic power. Where no chiefs existed, they invented them. The French, by contrast, destroyed all indigenous authorities and planted new administrative cadres but with the same function: to enforce customary law by brute force. Customary law was also a continuously creative definition; the customary was tweaked and nurtured to conform to European objectives of domination.

Far from “going overboard in their quest for unity”, Europe was very deliberate in its cultivation of divisive tribal nationalisms in Africa. Cross-group interaction and freedom of movement across “homelands” was heavily controlled. Any attempt to build cross-ethnic political movements or socioeconomic organisations was met with swift repression.

https://africanarguments.org/2019/08/colonialism-tribal-ethnic-politics-africa/

Rossupti:


You don't have to contribute if you lack grounding in the subject.

Just learn, or go and research properly, before contributing.

Having 'different kingdoms' has nothing to do with the topic.

Saying ''go and read Samuel Johnson'' throws no light on the subject either.

If you have a specific quote or research from his work, post it here.

Mrlcredible:
you supported end Sars.
Enjoy the aftermath.
there's one useless moniker on nairaland by named Holluwhakemmy
I found out she's into Yahoo and her boyfriend is a criminal and they both supported the endsars movement.
The law will catch up with her soon

Jostoman:
is it davido and farz that created awawa boys for Lagos?

LeopardX:
It was SARS not RRS

Jerryherd:


It wasn't RRS the two officers were arrested and they were regular police from close by station... Or is it not the South African returnee that went to watch match

Jerryherd:



If we condemn bad cops, we must praise good cops

Kudos to RRS for always standing out differently from other Police unit


.

tamdun:
Shebi una want sars to end? Na only sars fit deal with those hardened criminals but...

Flowerystar:
That was how they collected my laptop and phone at knife point around 7 am. This country is no longer safe.

P1PrinceKT:
Take note; NORTHERNERS had a better way for Reprisal.

Ezmans:
the same way the yoruba's legally deal with innocent hausas in shasha market in ibadan

Godoverevery:
My fiancee is attending a childhood friend wedding this Saturday....We are meant to attend together but it is no reception wedding.(boldly written on IV)

My question is it right to sell aso ebi for a wedding that has no reception because we had to cough out more than 20k for the lace/gele and bachelorette party material alone.

I am feeling this just a clever way to extort money from friends or am I wrong.

heendrix:
The recent attack by bandit on Zuru christians in Kebbi state saw lotta muslim folks joining hands and coming together with christians to fight off bandits in the process killing lots of the bandit attackers (sad Nairaland dont upload videos). Im wowed really, are the muslims in Kebbi different other Northern muslims?? Cause the only place you hardly differentiate muslims from christians is in the south west as they've always been at peace with each other since inception

Abdulazeez99:


https://igberetvnews.com/1387756/new-igp-usman-bans-police-road-blocks-releases-12-point-agenda/

Lalasticlala

superjab247:

So Afghanistan defeated America and the Americans ran away Abi
The extreme brilliance of nairalanders like you make me laugh hard


USA never ran away from the Taliban rather they discovered the the Afghanis,their government and the Taliban are like 5&6 just as asorock and boko boys are 5&6

OriginalZombiE:


His type will continue to find excuses to lick feacal matter from the anus of his oppressors for a little change.

Elightened ones indeed

Rossupti:


''In April 2021, the airline took delivery of its first two ATR72-600 aircraft in order to commence certification flights''

ATR72-600


They just had planes delivered to them THIS MONTH, and you are still talking rubbish.

Rossupti:


Nobody actually cares if you believe it or not.

Rossphinki:
Today, Ethiopian Airlines rules the African skies.

But can they cope with the stunning new entry of Nigerian start-up, Green Africa Airways, which has ordered an incredible 100 Boeing 737 Max planes to disrupt the entire African aviation ecosystem?

Ethiopian Airlines chiefs were said to be in a state of total panic and confusion upon hearing the scale of this new Nigerian entrant into the African aviation market, and are hurriedly seeking out ways to counter the influence of the dynamic, highly capitalised newcomer.
.
.

Nigerian start-up places Africa's largest ever aircraft order with Boeing

A Nigerian start-up carrier backed by a former chairman and chief executive of American Airlines has placed an order for up to 100 Boeing 737 MAX8s, representing the largest aircraft deal ever for the African continent.



Nigerian start-up places Africa's largest ever aircraft order with Boeing, with an order of 100 Boeing 737 Max Aeroplanes

A start-up carrier backed by a former chairman and chief executive of American Airlines has placed an order for up to 100 Boeing 737 MAX8s, representing the largest aircraft deal ever for the African continent.



Nigerian start-up Green Africa Airways has signed a commitment for up to 100 Boeing 737 MAX8 aircraft as the airline prepares to begin commercial operations.

The total deal carries a list-price of $11.7bn, the largest aircraft agreement from Africa, and is evenly split into 50 firm aircraft and 50 options.

Babawande Afolabi, the low-cost carrier’s founder and chief executive, said it was a “historic day for the Nigerian and African aviation industry”.

He added: “This landmark deal takes us much closer to our long-held dream of building a world-class airline that will unlock a new realm of positive possibilities for millions of customers.

“Broadly speaking, this deal is a bold symbol of the dynamism, resilience and soaring entrepreneurial drive of the next generation of Nigerians and Africans.”



Green Africa Airways, based in Lagos, has already received its Air Transport License from the Nigerian government.

It is backed by a group of senior industry leaders led by Tom Horton, former chairman and chief executive of American Airlines, William Shaw, founder and former chief executive of VivaColombia and Virasb Vahidi, former chief commercial officer of American Airlines.

Vahidi said Nigeria is “uniquely positioned to be the home of the next major value airline”. According to figures from OAG Schedules Analyser, the country’s low-cost market represents about 16 percent of total capacity.

“The strategic partnership with Boeing positions Green Africa Airways to expand and improve air travel for customers in Nigeria, and further strengthens the relationship between the United States, Nigeria and Africa,” Vahidi added.

Green Africa Airways initially plans to develop the Nigerian market and then build a pan-African network. According to Boeing's 20-year Commercial Market Outlook, airlines in Africa will require 1,190 new aircraft as the continent boosts both intra-continental and intercontinental connectivity over the next couple of decades.

https://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/282108/nigerian-start-up-places-africas-largest-ever-aircraft-order-with-boeing/

helinues:


When the Capital is zero, inspiration hardly geared up..

I understand where you are coming from..

I just gave you gist wey na only few people sabi..

helinues:


Did you miss the word enlightened ones?

helinues:


This no be beer parlor gist... It's known and obvious by enlightened ones