₦airaland Forum

[s][quote author=Simplyleo post=101586253]E don set be dat.

Ipob pigs, ESN and UGM will soon understand that their madness was able to flourish for the simple reason that Buhari had not approved any specific measure. All along, security agencies were just acting based on discretion.

Now that a position has been taken, we will soon start seeing letters copying FIFA, UN HIV ATHIFKU PUTIN etc.

My dstv subscription has expired, lemme re-subscribe sharp sharp. [/s] stf you this fura gallon terrorist

Nigeria police get paid well if they die than living I won't talk more than this

I blame desmond eliot

This is same thing as I want to be fucking people daughters everytime but you dare not touch my sister.

People can twerk for him on instagram but his daughter won't participate in that stupid act.

That sounds great

This David is disgracing the David's I know

UGM dismantle the terrorist police next is terrorist army

Base on my intellectual capacity and my vast knowledge, tactically and tentatively, right from the beginning of times especially in the light of Ecclesiastes evolution I have come to a concrete definite and profound conclusion that I actuallyhave nothing to say

That's when mbaka don't have sense

What about the juju police wike deployed

Where's OyigboUpdate?

Wow congratulations to the dancing senator, tomorrow is our turn

I thought the said Nnamdi Kanu is only making noise?

That's CNN fake news!

[quote author=OBALOLA55 post=101467773]HELANUS SAID THAT THE VIDEO IS NOT A PROPAGANDA [/quothmmmmm

Official sources stated that this is true and fucking true.

helinues:
Very good

I saw the video yesterday... Those who are clamouring for war should have a rethink...

May God continue to protect our gallant officers

No one is clamouring for war rather people are sick and tired of this enterprise called nigeria.


But if it's war don't forget no matter the risk an attempt must be made!

Comedy skit look more real that this show of shame they displayed claiming a gun battle...sane people knows that releasing of kidnapped students has nothing to do with gun battles rather #100m paid to the billionaire terrorist ambassador called Gumi.


F!ck anybody that believe this is true!

They didn't suspend him when he's romancing buhari it's now that he can not can again the the Catholic Church are suspending him lol

They'd review these matter in few days

Hmmmm before Igbo people login to twitter them don release am...and some efulelu are saying it's UGM crazy it is the terrorist federal government

Xiaomi mi a2 lite 45k 32GB and 3GB running on android 10 with February security update

Never forget that pantami pandemic is a terrorist

Nothing outrage,who get money should spend it.. Ronaldo girlfriend has a ring of 300m

iaamxavier:
Lol, dear you for just post this thing for Facebook, now you've bought wahala on nairaland

Goodluck as I hand u over to our redpillers

someone that created the moniker today

why are facebook people flooding this forum

The Igbos are one of Nigeria’s three main ethnic groups in a country of about 200 million. Based in Southeast Nigeria, this industrious and acephalous group has attracted a lot of attention from research in recent years. Most of it has focused on the success of Igbos in artisanal enterprise and informal training. Now their apprenticeship system has become a talking point.

Most of the research on the Igbos’ success in business has been through the traditional cultural lenses of anthropology and sociology. My co-authors and I have sought to move beyond these cultural frames to a business and management lens— notably entrepreneurship.

I have been studying Igbo entrepreneurship since 2008. In my earlier article, my co-authors and I drew the illustrative case of Nnewi culture. This is an Igbo enclave in Southeastern Nigeria renowned for its high incidence of productive entrepreneurship. It is noted for its automates and manufacturing businesses, which at the time of our research had only received limited research attention.

Almost a decade later, I co-authored a paper which highlighted that the “informal apprenticeship system provides entrepreneurial learning that prepares the younger generation to take to business as a way of life.”

The role of family affinity and networks in business has been observed across geographies. The use of family networks this way makes significant contributions to the economic growth of nations.

To understand better the effect of these family networks, my co-authors and I interviewed 25 Igbo entrepreneurs to find out what constituted the catalyst for the business model.

About the study
Our research identifies the key variables associated with trans-generational business legacies and succession. The Igbos, like most other indigenous groups, believe in maintaining a legacy of not just their language but other values, customs and norms. In particular, for the Igbos, business continuity seems paramount as a means to ensuring that there are trans-generational business legacies.

The study also highlighted salient Igbo cultural and community nuances. These include the role of Di-okpara (first son), Umunna (sons of the land), Ikwu (members of a kindred) and Umuada (daughters of the land). These insights inform a contribution to the discourse of ethnic or indigenous entrepreneurship, which has both theoretical and policy implications.

We then developed four themes that serve as the points from which trans-generational entrepreneurship is nurtured among the Igbo. These are:

“Nwaboi” (informal volunteering);
the role of first son (di-okpara), which is closely linked to “afamu-efuna”;
the independent and individualist, but yet communal, that is, “acephalous” nature of the Igbos (“Igbo enwe Eze” – Igbos have no king); and
the entrepreneurship collaborative and cultural initiative – the role of kindred (Umunna).
First, the Nwaboi apprenticeship system assumes two forms, “Imu-Oru Aka” (learning a craft or skill) and “Imu-Ahia” (learning to trade) across all kinds of trading to various crafts and skills.

Second, Igbo businesses survive across generations through the identification and the nurturing of sons who can take over the business. If the first son shows no interest, any other male in the family with potential is trained to take over the business. Indeed, the notion of “Di-okpara” highlights the significance of a male child (normally the first son) to the legacy of the family and any succession plans. It is also linked to the notion “afamu-efuna”, which guarantees the lineage among the Igbos.

Third, there is the moderating role of the Umunna (sons of the land), Umuada (daughters of the land) and Ikwu (members of a kindred). These are the arbiters of family or societal disputes. The decisions of the Umunna are binding on members of the clan. In addition, where family business conflict arises, the elders of the kindred step in to settle the dispute. By resolving disputes internally, the mechanisms help avoid lengthy court processes which are often disruptive to the running of businesses. This makes the role of Umunna very potent.

Just like Umunna, there is also the “Umuada” (Umu means people) of first daughters (Ada). This is an association of influential indigenous women. The group goes beyond the first daughters whose ancestry is traced to a village or town. The Umuada represents the interests of women and serves as a bridge between women and men.

In some cases, the Umuada also serve as checks on the abuse of power by the council of elders. Umuada can, as result of these powers, intercede in any disputes related to business practices. Besides, women sometimes also engage in these business activities.

Generally speaking, arbiters such as Umunna and Umuada have tended to help shape new norms and beliefs. On the other hand, other Igbo structures help facilitate the creation of more effective business processes. These include better financial frameworks. An example is Afam efuna, an equitable “nwaboi” system overseen to some extent by custodians such as Ikwu, Umunna and Umuada. These Igbo structures therefore enable the development of new markets and cultural innovation. They also enable Igbos to maintain trans-generational business legacies and inter-generational succession.

The Igbo culture of entrepreneurship can be traced back to the slave trade in the 15th century. By the 1800s about 320,000 Igbos had been sold to slave traders both within and outside of their communities at Bonny, 50,000 at Calabar and Elem Kalabari.

This process continued until the abolition of slave trade in the 1900s. Unlike most African communities, slaves from the Igbo ethnic group were exposed to entrepreneurship by their owners, including members of their own tribe who traded commodities like spices, sugar, tobacco, cotton for export to the Americas, Europe and Asia. Long before Europeans arrived, Igbos enslaved other Igbos as punishment for crimes, for the payment of debts, and as prisoners of war. The practice differed from slavery in the Americas.

Igbos built on this, venturing into various forms of entrepreneurship during the pre-colonial era. Colonisation found the Igbos already leading craftsmen, traders, merchants and cottage industrialists. They have maintained this culture of entrepreneurship through the structures and mechanisms described above.

Policy implications
The findings from Igbo ethnic entrepreneurship studies cannot necessarily be generalized for all other ethnicities. They also provide realistic and current examples of how African entrepreneurship is embedded in unique cultural phenomena. However, each of the elements of the Igbo entrepreneurial spirit and culture raises different issues, in particular how societies can sustain entrepreneurship across generations.

The lessons from the success of Igbo trans-generational entrepreneurship can certainly be adapted to other socio-cultural settings. American journalist and author Robert Neuwirth hinted at this while talking about the Igbo apprenticeship system.

Taking a cue from the title of the book by the celebrated Chinua Achebe, one of the greatest poets of “Igbo” ancestry, scholars cannot let “Things Fall Apart” in this quest to understand and act upon the dynamics and potential of ethnic groups and their contribution to the global economy.

The Igbo entrepreneurship model has demonstrated, time and again, how to navigate both ethnic and gender discrimination in mainstream society. This has obvious managerial, research and policy implications.

https://qz.com/africa/2002636/what-silicon-valley-could-learn-from-nigerias-igbo-entrepreneurs/amp/?__twitter_impression=true

La click la bend

Look how his wife swole up like a dead rat

blazepascal:
I use to be shy then but u see girls they spoilt me I always try to avoid them but they keep coming ....some will just kiss you..some will just come and sit on your thigh they think all men are the same
.there was a day a girl came to my room she said she like me that I should sleep with her I said...NO. get away from me she was surprised she couldn't believe it she thought I was joking she made another advance in fact I stood up and left the room...

she started saying I'm not a man I'm not . bla bla bla. I know she will later gossip with her friends about me

I told her u ladies say men like sex .. now I don't want the sex why are u insulting me again. that's was how she left my room cursing me

You be ode

sharpwriter:
Are you people talking about opening accounts with the same profile name?

yes I opened it with my real name and profile picture

I have opened account for like 3 times this year and they have disabled all of them.

Though my initial account with I open 2017 is still active but I've forgotten my password

God bless igboland