₦airaland Forum

This is Why Your Village People Are Not Your Enemies

This world is a complex mix of both good and evil. Interestingly, both good and evil have their roles to play—and both can lead to positive outcomes. It all depends on you.

For instance, Nigeria’s harsh economy is making many poor, yet it's also making several others rich. There are people who would never have become wealthy if the economy hadn’t taken a difficult turn. Good and bad both serve their purposes. You're the one who determines your outcome.

Have your "village people" tied you like a goat, the way Joseph’s brothers sold him into slavery? Well, Joseph became Prime Minister in Egypt. So what are you becoming?

The worst your enemies can do is push you right into your place of glory. Jesus wasn’t given the name above every other name until the enemy gave Him a cross to hang on. But He rose from there and became the King of kings and Lord of lords.

If Satan had known that Job's wealth would multiply after his trials, he wouldn’t have touched him. Joseph's brothers would never have sold him if they had known he would become a lord in Egypt.

Sometimes, you need your "village people" to take you through the refining fire, like gold, so that you can come out as a precious jewel sought after by kings and nations. It all depends on you.

The Bible says, To those who love God, all things work together for good. (Romans 8:28). The same waves that drown some swimmers are the same waves that surfers ride to glory.

But "if thou faintest in the day of adversity, thy strength is small" (Proverbs 24:10).

So rise up, child of destiny. Even your enemies are tools in God's hands to push you into purpose.

God bless your heart.

LordReed:
Well, I expected you to use your brain, but you failed so you are worse off.

Okay.

Have a nice day.

LordReed:
Wait are you telling you don't know that a fall can kill? Holy Andromeda, use your fucking brain!

LoLz. A statue of Jesus is an idol! Bwahahahahahahahaha!

Do I expect more than this from you?

You never fail to disappoint. May God have mercy on your soul.

LordReed:
I forgot you're a Christian everything is of the devil except anything Christian. If it was a statue of Jesus would you have considered it an idol?

Besides did you consider that the statue is quite tall and the thing the deceased was removing was at the very top?

My previous post still stands, use your brain a little.

You guys don't just get it. Is this the first time someone would remove something taller than himself and the supposed thing that he wants to remove hangs at the top? Is he the only one in the world who has removed something taller than himself? Take your own advice and start wondering what makes his case different. I even expected you to say he had an heart attack. Keep living in denial. Denial does not obliterate reality.

Even if the statue were of Jesus, it's still an idol okay? You guys are just too ignorant.

LordReed:
Why are you so gullible? Is every statue an idol? Use you brain a bit before you write.

So, you don't know that they worship Agemo?

ImpartialGuy:
Some foolish people who think that these idols are not powerful should come and read this. Those who think idols don't have mysterious powers are people who are disconnected from their roots.

Are you talking about kobojunkie, Jaephoenix and lordreed? How I wish these people can learn something.

StillDtruth:
When A Fool who thinks himself intelligent, this is what it looks like.

People pointed out the fall in his presentation yet rather than address the argument, he resorts to attacking the man (as hominem)

Well it's been said
"Talk sense to a fool and he calls you foolish." - Euripides

"Any fool can criticize, condemn, and complain – and most fools do." - Dale Carnegie

Word!

Omoawoke:
Just to remind you why you are being ignored… I have eliminated you from the debate for being too dumb to converse with. All of you are dumb actually, but there’s a minimum expected.. you fell short below minimum.

Thanks !

You created a thread based on Chatgpt to insult people and not to intelligently engage them. That shows you yourself have a low IQ. And let me further prove that to you:

In response to your unintelligent thread.

The Bible doesn't provide a specific date for the Tower of Babel story. Though, it does mention that the story occurred after the flood. It's difficult to pin a date on the event because there's no single premise for relating to this event as far as timing is concerned. It's a standalone story that has no time relation before or after it.

The Bible mentions several individuals and their ages which chatgpt calculated to arrive at a specific year but except any of those people had an appearance in the Tower of Babel event, we cannot use their ages to determine the tower's time of occurrence.

Pegging the Towers story at the time of Peleg when the earth (continents) were split has no intellectual basis. What divided during Peleg's days is the earth, and not the people. The Bible does not ever call people earth. Earth refers to the soil, the land we humans live on as far as the Bible is concerned. If it was a reference to the division of people in Peleg's days, the Bible would use world or peoples instead of earth. If the Bible says that the birth of Peleg witnessed the diviiding of the Peoples or the World, then that would point to the Babel event. But it's not so. Point all these to Chatgpt, and it will be quick to apologize for its errors. The Babel event happened several generations after Peleg. No one knows exactly when. But we know that the word Babel is the root word for the place called Babylon which is in ruins in present day Iraq.

There's no scientific consensus that presupposes that the world has always been multilingual. There are many theories flying around but the theory that humans might have originally spoken a proto-language before the emergence of other languages still holds sway above all other opinions.

My brothers, Gabrielshow24 and StillDTruth already gave you some uppercuts. You should first treat your own foolishness before addressing others as such. You opened a thread without doing your own thinking but have the guts to insult thinking persons. Did you not read even on the chatgpt page that "Chatgpt might often make mistakes and provide incorrect information"? Yet your own life depends on an error prone machine that was created by error prone men. Chatgpt is better than you, but obviously, it's not better than thinking people, let alone the Bible that has produced many great thinkers including scientists.

ocnovakmichael:
I'm over 36 years of age and had heard the story of the prodigal son preached almost all my life. But a striking detail piqued my attention on the 30th of March 2025.

It all happened on Sunday March the 30th, 2025 as I and my mother was attending church. We came quite late to the service because when we got to the church, the servant of God was already reading the gospel of Luke the fifteenth chapter. While we listened in as the gospel was being read, it was as if the words became animated in my peripheral vision, my imagination. I saw into the story and gleaned hidden detail that I've never heard anyone, in all my life, talked about from that story.

Let's examine the story from Luke's gospel

Luke 15:11-12,14,20,22-24
[11]And he said, A certain man had two sons:
[12]And the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living.
[14]And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in that land; and he began to be in want.
[20]And he arose, and came to his father. But when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him.
[22]But the father said to his servants, Bring forth the best robe, and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet:
[23]And bring hither the fatted calf, and kill it; and let us eat, and be merry:
[24]For this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And they began to be merry.

Now, in all my life, every time that story was taught or preached, the emphasis was always on the repentant son and the ever loving and ever-forgiving Father. The story demonstrate the love of the Father to a lost world. It depicts the Father's love and longing to embrace His repentant prodigal sons and daughters, young and old alike.

Notwithstanding, no preacher or teacher ever revealed to me what I saw in that story on Sunday 30th March 2025. While the preacher was busy preaching away the story of the prodigal son and its significant to a prodigal world, occupied by men and women who were by nature the children of wrath, two questions were posed on the screen of my spirit man. It were as if some unseen being was trying to get my attention while I was inside the church.

That voice asked me, "Did you noticed, in that story, the Father commanded that the fatted calf be killed?" The voice went a step further in asking, "Did you also noticed that the Father did not say: '... My son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found,' until the fatted calf was killed?"

Those two questions piqued my interest; and it were as if the letters of that text became bold and bigger than other texts as I poured over those lines of questions about the fatted calf in that story. And no sooner had those questions were asked that I came to the understanding that the fatted calf that was killed was symbolic of Christ Jesus in reconciling the Father and the prodigal son.

The Spirit of the Lord enlightened my understanding by precepts in the word. The Bible says that by the mouth of two or three witnesses should every word be established. Now let's analyze it by scriptures:

The prophet Isaiah spoke of Christ as the fatted Calf whose blood would reconcile all people unto the LORD of hosts

Isaiah 25:6
[6]And in this mountain shall the LORD of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined.

Notice that text says, "... The LORD of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat things... of wines on the lees..." The fat things and wines are types of Jesus ransoming his flesh and blood to reconcile God and man.

Hebrews 9:22
[22]And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission.

Notice that text says, "... Without shedding of blood is no remission." In the story of the prodigal son, the Father declare the son as "dead, and is alive again; ... was lost, and is found" after the blood of the fatted calf was spilled. indicating that without shedding of blood is no remission of sins.

In the story of the prodigal son, the fatted calf represents Jesus Christ: Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes we were healed, saved, delivered, preserved, reconciled unto the Father.


Jesus is Lord!

Do not hoard knowledge, propagate it!

Deep and balanced revelation of the Word! God bless your heart brother.

This shows the elder son to be Israel who although had always been with the Father, had failed to enjoy his full rights as a son. He has missed out of the fat things and wine on lees which the once prodigal gentiles who repent now enjoy. This parable is fully happening today already. Paul said he could testify of them Israelites that they indeed have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge. The Father had told His aggrieved elder son "...son, thou art always with me, and all that I have are thine." May the Lord reveal Himself to Israel and grant them salvation.

The table has been prepared and the fat things are ready. Come to Christ, o ye prodigals and find rest for your souls. For in Christ alone is salvation and atonement for your sins, no matter how evil. The Father loves you still and His long arms are ever ready to take you into their embrace. Invite Jesus into your hearts today, confess Him as Lord and you shall be saved.

Antichristian2:
Even majority the Jews don't understand Jesus according to the Bible. Even when they spoke the same language. How do you expect me from far away Nigeria to understand the Bible after it has been translated and interpolated to depict whatever the interpreters want it to convey?

See, Jews were prophesied to become disconnected and later reconnected to God. The Bible says "They will look on Gun whom they pierced." It's in the Old testament scriptures.

As for you, your lack of understanding stems from spiritual blindness. This is evident from the fact that a very vile personality is your holy prophet.

Please provide evidence of the Biblical interpolations you mentioned. Hey, you must provided this evidence from the original texts and not from the translations.

I don't know why Christians are so confusing. Is it not advancedDna that said Moses drafted the law and not God?

Now you're saying otherwise!

I beg I don tire here!

What is confusing there? God gave Moses laws. Moses also has his own instructions and laws for the people as their spiritual leader for the purposes of government and dispute resolution. What's confusing you here?

@ kobojunkie,

This is just to further assist you. I asked AI about your case, this is what it said:

The behavior described suggests several potential psychological issues:

Possible Psychological Issues
1. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): The person's need to constantly attack and contradict others, even if it means contradicting themselves, might be a symptom of OCD.

2. Narcissistic Personality Disorder: The individual's apparent need for attention and control, as well as their tendency to belittle others, could be indicative of narcissistic personality disorder.

3. Antisocial Personality Disorder: The person's behavior, which seems to be driven by a desire to provoke and upset others, might be a sign of antisocial personality disorder.

4. Paranoid Personality Disorder: The individual's accusations and assumptions about others' motivations, as well as their defensive and hostile tone, could be characteristic of paranoid personality disorder.

5. Anxiety or Stress: The person's behavior might also be a coping mechanism for underlying anxiety or stress.

Important Considerations
1. Professional Diagnosis: Only a qualified mental health professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

2. Complexity of Human Behavior: Human behavior is complex, and a single behavior or action cannot be reduced to a single psychological issue.

3. Context and Environment: The person's environment, upbringing, and life experiences can all contribute to their behavior and should be considered when evaluating their actions.

Please get help ASAP.

Peace!

Antichristian2:
So God needed virgins for his temples? Why can't non-virgins fit in?

The Old Testament was a shadow that God was using to communicate His desire for what He wanted to see in the New. God is using the case of the virgins to represent purity and uncontaminated lives. Today, a Christian who keeps himself from sin is regarded as a virgin of Christ. And can therefore be a keeper of God's temple which is his body. You actually don't understand the Bible.

Is it not the same slaves Abraham and Israel married by just sleeping with them?

Warped thinking indeed!

In the days of Abraham and Jacob, there was no law from God as touching marriage. The world was still very young, people did as they thought best. When Moses came, God introduced the laws that now calibrated human actions. You guys are so ignorant.

Kobojunkie:
Eejit! According to Jesus Christ of Israel, it is only by obeying the instructions contained that one can gain more understanding from His Father, YHWH — God of Israel. This is what is contained in that book, but given you all disregard the contents of the book, the very idea is foreign and foolishness to your kind. 😂😂😂😂

My dear, you have not displayed any single knowledge in any of your numerous Nairaland posts. You don't even have results to show. If I ask you what's your testimony? You have no single testimony. You're just wobbling through life with a head filled with deceits and self pride. Nothing whatsoever is happening in your life. You're absolutely empty spiritually. You're under serious demonic torments and need urgent attention. It has affected your mental health. You need God and you should also see a doctor.

Kobojunkie:
The knowledge of what is above did not come by reading my Bible.... instead it came by obedience.

Your pastors and mogs read that book, some several times a year but they all refuse to obey the teachings and commandments of Jesus Christ stated above, why? Because, again, these things don't come about by your studying of your bibles but instead by doing that which God tells you to do.

Your knowledge came by obedience. I'm beginning to think you're a psychiatric patient. All you do is spew senseless jargons without ever making any sense. You better check yourself. You only comment on posts just because you want to attack and nothing more. No matter how true and helpful the post or comment is, you must attack it even if it means contracting what you've said elsewhere. TenQ was right that something is wrong with you. You actually need to go see a doctor. I'm not abusing you. I'm telling all the truth I know about yourself by reading your posts. Something is really really wrong somewhere. You need medical attention. Please take my words seriously before it's too late.

Dbegining:
Ani Islam ti ba aye e je patapata. No repair.

The thing is you still have refusedto answer the question the Op asked. Will yiu give out your six year old child out in marriage?

Secondly, the verse you're mentioned didn't say anything about marriage.

40
KJV:And the persons were sixteen thousand; of which the Lord'S tribute was thirty and two persons.

Tribute to the Lord were people who will serve as priests in God's Temple. The other verse you mentioned also didnt say anything about marriage but spoils of war that were to be kept for themselves.

Lastly, you should try reading the Bible more. That's the only place perhaps you can be delivered from this madness.

If you read the Bible well, there's a clear description of women and children.

When it differentiates and says women, that mans they are no longer children. And whe it says children, that means they are not mature.

God referred to those people as women not children.

That means they are not children. Unlike your hero that married a 9 year old! Clearly still a child!

Again, Islam ti ba aye e je patapata laisi repair.

Thank you for clarifying that verse to that Antichristian2 guy. He uses his warped thinking of his Quran to interpret the Bible. He thinks everyone is like Mohammed, and so whenever women are mentioned, it must be all about sex.

The virgins separated for God were helpers who'll help in the service of the temple. Drawing water, cleaning, etc.

The women that were given to men were mere slaves. There's a law for marrying your slave if you like her. That a woman was given to you as war booty does not mean you can now start having sex with her. For example:

Deuteronomy 21:10-14 says:

"When you go out to war against your enemies and the Lord your God delivers them into your hands, and you take captives, if you see among them a beautiful woman and are attracted to her, you may take her as your wife. Bring her into your home, where she will shave her head, trim her nails, and discard her captive's garb. She'll live in your home for a month, mourning her parents. Only then may you marry her ."

That Antichristian2 fellow is indeed anti truth. You can't be antichristian without loving lies.

orisa37:
THEY'RE IGNORANT, ILLITERATE AND ARROGANTLY FOOLISH.

Foolish and thinking themselves to be the wisest.

YoungestPapa:
It's just not possible anymore for me to believe totally what I've studied and taught about the globe earth. There are lots of unanswered questions

1. Why do pilots not adjust the airplane for the sake of the earths curvature? They don't and they do not fly away to space.

Every curvature has a plain portion before it reaches its curved sections. Depending on the size of the rounded object, the distance through a plain could be very long. And when we're talking about flying objects such as a plane, we cannot be talking of curvatures in the air except the sky is curved. It's the earth that's curved, not the atmosphere around the earth.

2. On the sea shore, why do we see ships with a binoculars after they disappear from our eyes, and after they disappear from a binoculars we can see them with a telescope?

They didn't disapper because they didn't descend into a slope. You can see them with a telescope up to a certain distance before they descend through the Earth's slopes. The telescope can't see from one end of the earth to the other. If it were so, then your theory would have been true.

3. Why does the earth look totally flat in videos of individuals who have sent balloons high up as against the curvature we see when NASA posts their videos.

The videos from the balloons don't capture the entire earth and its surroundings. NASA's videos capture the full earth not just some sections of it.

4. If the sun is 93 million miles away from the earth, how is Nigeria so hot and at same time the USA 3,000-4,000 miles away is in winter?

The earth is 93 million miles away from the Sun, not Nigeria or USA being 93 miles away from the sun. The distance of countries to each other wouldn't matter because the sun is all encompassing as far as its relationship with the earth is concerned. For example, if you place a heat emitting soccer ball over a group of ants who are somewhat distant from each other, they'll all experience the same heat temperature because they're still all directly under the ball anyway.

Also note that the earth undergoes constant position changing due to rotation and revolvement. If the earth were flat as you opined, we should all experience the same weather and sunshine conditions at the same time, but the reverse is the case.

5. Why have all individual experiments (since the Bedford experiment in the 1800's) to measure the curvature of the earth all shown that there is no curvature?

The Bedford experiment, performed by Samuel Rowbotham in 1838, was an attempt to measure the curvature of the Earth. However, the experiment had several methodological flaws and has been widely debunked by the scientific community.

Regarding the claim that individual experiments have shown no curvature, it's crucial to consider the following:

1. Experimental limitations: Many experiments, especially those conducted in the 19th century, had limitations in terms of precision, instrumentation, and methodology.

2. Confirmation bias: Some experiments may have been designed or interpreted with a preconceived notion, leading to biased results.

3. Lack of peer review: Not all experiments are subject to rigorous peer review, which is essential for ensuring the quality and validity of scientific research.

In contrast, overwhelming evidence from various fields of science, including:

- Satellite imagery: High-resolution images of the Earth from space clearly show its spherical shape.

- Ships disappearing over the horizon: As a ship sails away, it will eventually disappear from view as it sinks below the horizon due to the Earth's curvature.

- Circumnavigation: Many people have traveled around the world, completing circumnavigations that would be impossible if the Earth were flat.

- Gravity: The force of gravity pulls objects towards the center of the Earth, which is only possible if the Earth is a sphere or an oblate spheroid.

The sea is glued as a result. The butterfly flies because it applies a counter force against gravity to move in the opposite direction of the gravitational pull. Water would likewise move up if it's so forced up. Example, when you scoop water from a bowl, the water is indirectly flying up even if you have scooped it from the ocean.

- Measurements of the Earth's shadow: During a lunar eclipse, the Earth passes between the sun and the moon, casting a shadow on the lunar surface. The shape of this shadow is curved, indicating that the Earth is a sphere.

These lines of evidence, along with many others, conclusively demonstrate that the Earth is not flat, but rather an oblate spheroid.

MaxInDHouse:
So in a nutshell he has answered for all of unah shey?

Comprehensively and truthfully!

achorladey:
He must turn a blind eye to project his self righteousness

He was even lying that he doesn't read such comments.

MaxInDHouse:
He started mentioning Max.
I don't read such comments since the poster doesn't answer the question in a direct manner!

He answered the question and also made a refrence to you. You're still lying that you didn't read the comment. Na wa for you.

MaxInDHouse:
Na answer be that àbí na Max dey hin mind?

Tell my why it's not an answer. I'll like to know how it deraled from the question.

MaxInDHouse:
So far no answer from all antagonists yet they will later come arguing that they are worshiping the God of Israel!

So, you didn't see Gabrielshow24's answer?

Gabrielshow24:
Typical Max 😁
Your retorts are quite expected!!!

To answer mightyEagle😁,they are not the same!!!

They have different identities!
Although the concept of Godship is attributed to both🤔, yet there is only one true God—Jehovah🤔—not to be mistaken for the Jehovah of JW👀, whose identity is also strikingly different 🤨.

You nailed it square and square.

Ogurube:
STORY. I suspect the name change is a way to take credit away from Dr. Tony RAPU, who helped grow RCCG by founding the Apapa Family (aka Freedom Parish), from where pastors like, VP Yemi Osinbajo, Mfon Eskor, Itua Ighodalo, Agu Irukwu, ID Iluyomade, Ghandi Olaoye (Soun of Ogbomosho), etc, were mentored to go plant many RCCG parishes around the affluent parts of Nigeria and the World. As the money flowed in, TRIBAL politics became known in RCCG. See how they bask in the growth and glory that others, who were slyly emasculated and purged, brought to “their” church. I was expecting GO Adeboye to acknowledge and thank Dr. TONY RAPU, ESKOR, and ILUYOMADE for a job well done, not call them DEMONS and change the better name. Also, the most godly and christ-like thing would’ve been to use that occasion to criticize the bad government under TINUBU and call for reconciliation of all Nigerians, but hell will rather freeze over before it happens.

What exactly is bad about Tinubu's government that you want Adeboye to criticize?

Only people with selfish political interest, and children who know nothing about nation building criticize Tinubu's government. For any matured mind, Tinubu's government is the best so far in the history of Nigeria.

If you want to rebuild a country, there must first be pains before the gains come. Nigeria was once a very hopeless state but now with the policies and government activities in place, the nation has a bright future. You don't measure government performance by the market prices of goods but by good economic actions that could bring in future gains.

BlackfireX:
There was a time our prophet SAW said somethings that he later renounced that it wasn't from his Allah.

Another incident is a Christian man who writes the current recitation (Qur'an) for Muhammad, but he later left Muhammad and he was gruesomely killed by our prophet.

The issue of receiving so called revelations that goes contrary to sanity.. collecting his Adopted son's wife, infact at a point Aisha the 9 year old wife said is like the so called revelations is meant to favour you.

Please would you grant me a verifiable reference for the bolded?

Senator Ike Ekweremadu

Some years ago, the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) special project team approached the Deputy Senate President (Ike Ekweremmadu) to help them fast-track the funding for a project in the hospital through a government intervention project. He asked them to submit their proposal and they did. It was N400million for Renal Centre.

The N400m was to build the structure, procure equipment and train few doctors abroad for "Renal transplant" and other special "Renal emergency training".

Senator Ike Ekeremmadu asked them to double the money to N800m. The extra N400m will be for him to facilitate the release of the funds. Senator Ike Ekeremmadu later facilitated the release of 50% of the fund and diverted all of it even without the knowledge of UNTH. After waiting for so long, UNTH made contact and was told they should submit the progress report for the project status in order to access the balance 50%. Alas, they had nothing to show for the initial 50% and didn't even know that Oga Deputy Senate President had taken N400m and moved on.

On May 5th year 2023, Senator Ike Ekeremmadu will receive his jail sentence for trying to do a kidney transplant in the UK for his daughter whose kidney is failing. Senator Ike Ekeremmadu pocketed N400m meant for building a Kidney Centre in his state where most probably his daughter would have received a transplant without flying abroad and facing the stringent laws guiding organ transplant in the UK. He would not have needed to tell lies after lies to bring David Nwammini to the UK which finally got him and his wife behind the foreign prison!

Copied from Chuma.

Personal Notes: This is a true demonstration of karma. Our politicians are wicked. They will all pay dearly for the evils they do against Nigerians.

Who says there's no judgement?

Kobojunkie:
1. Where is this eternal separation from God mentioned in the Law of Moses, which is indicated in Ezekiel 18, which you quote?

2. Ezekiel 18 was written approximately 600 years before the birth of Jesus Christ of Israel, whom you refer to. So, how did we jump to Jesus Christ of Israel from what is written in Ezekiel 18?

3. Are you insinuating that there is no difference between the individuals out there and those men? Then why were their names mentioned separately from all else?

1. You should tell us how a soul dies. The Bible called eternal separation from God a second death.

2. Eternal separating from God is visible even from Genesis. God told them, if you eat this fruit, you'll die. The death was not physical but spiritual. A separation from God.

3. Those men are like any other man. Their names were not mentioned separately. Jesus on my used a common phrase "God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob" to illustrate a point.

Kobojunkie:
The right question would be, "Where do you live," and the answer would not suggest that I own the place when I don't.

By the way, when you earlier claimed that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob — not every man who lived beginning from the time of Abraham to the time of Jacob, etc, — still live yonder, what exactly did you mean?

I wasn't the one who said that.

Everyone who lived before Adam and after Adam have a life beyond the grave.