₦airaland Forum

Wonders will never cease.
When his daughter puts to bed, what will he refer the baby as, His child or grandchild?
someone please tell me, I need to know.

I thank my God for saving me from the one that happened at Osisioma junction one Friday. We are now living in fear in Aba. I don't know what this world is turning into. In the olden days, theives come at nights with their faces covered, nowadays they come in broad-day-light with their faces uncovered. To worsen it all, they write letters first to inform thier coming.

What annoys me most is the police,  they get information about the armed robbers, they run into the nearby bushes, after the robbery, they come out and arrest innocent citizens. hummm! too bad.

Bad belle people. Darey or no Darey, Emeka  has won it.
There is no two ways about. Congrats bros.

Until ,

Sometimes, I wonder why people are being deceived. What she wrote in igbo shows she is an ibo.
But if she says she is a German, let her write in German as Bandit c said. Abi na only igbo she sabi write?

There is nothing wrong in being left handed. My mum is left handed, my brother and sister were forced to change from left to right hand when they were little.

The first time I heard d name Dagrin, was when his death was announced here on NL. Although i pity him. When I watched president Yar'adua being buried, a drum was filled with tears from my eyes.

I spend more time on NL than FB

MYKEL108

Who do you like to know more? Joseph Yobo, Adeze Igwe Yobo, the new born baby or Nairalanders? You don really miss road. Abi you think say here na facebook?

Fruitless Mission (2010). Worst is an understatement.

Mine! Tell God ( tell God your problems) and God answers prayers.

Beautiful couple

Quote from: Tcrack on March 25, 2010, 04:14 AM
to whom nothing is given, nothing should be expected. Nigeria has given me NOTHING so i will give NOTHING FOR NIGERIA.


You said my mind.

ECONET>VODACOM>VMOBILE>CELTEL>ZAIN>AIRTEL> Wahala dey.

Quote: from tlfacts.
Thank You O Holy Spirit for all You have done for me, Thank You for the inspiration.
Spirit of the Living God fall afresh on me, Amen.

Aahh! are you in spirit?

Nairalanders will never cease  to amaze me.
Ask them why they left Naiji, They will give reasons, tell you they live in UK, USA, SA, blah, blah, blah, blah.
Ask the reason for d constant power supply in Lagos, they will tell u and even where they live. na spirit wey I dey believe say em dey waka 4 d whole world, dey know wetin dey happen everywhere.
Abi na for fun? Anyway una dey funny sha.

Quote: from sojji
Drum of war all over the nation.Songs of war all over the places.Who will stop this?

I will stop it, only if Nigerians vote for me as the president, come 2011 Election.

Quote: Michelin89
I am 12 years!!!!!

You don old small sha, you're 10 years older than I, I'm only 2.

Michelin89
come closer let me sing this song 4 u, Happy birthday to u, happy birthday to u, happy birthday to u- u, ha-p-py birthday to you, how old are you now, how old are you now, how old are you no-w, happy birthday to you.

Don't 4get to tell me hw old you are ooo

Quote:
What is Acid Rain and What Causes It?
"Acid rain" is a broad term used to describe several ways that acids fall out of the atmosphere. A more precise term is acid deposition, which has two parts: wet and dry.

Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog, and snow. As this acidic water flows over and through the ground, it affects a variety of plants and animals. The strength of the effects depend on many factors, including how acidic the water is, the chemistry and buffering capacity of the soils involved, and the types of fish, trees, and other living things that rely on the water.

Dry deposition refers to acidic gases and particles. About half of the acidity in the atmosphere falls back to earth through dry deposition. The wind blows these acidic particles and gases onto buildings, cars, homes, and trees. Dry deposited gases and particles can also be washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms. When that happens, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic than the falling rain alone.

Prevailing winds blow the compounds that cause both wet and dry acid deposition across state and national borders, and sometimes over hundreds of miles. Scientists discovered, and have confirmed, that sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the primary causes of acid rain. In the US, About 2/3 of all SO2 and 1/4 of all NOx comes from electric power generation that relies on burning fossil fuels like coal.

Acid rain occurs when these gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. Sunlight increases the rate of most of these reactions. The result is a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

How Do We Measure Acid Rain?

Acid rain is measured using a scale called "pH." The lower a substance's pH, the more acidic it is. Pure water has a pH of 7.0. Normal rain is slightly acidic because carbon dioxide dissolves into it, so it has a pH of about 5.5. As of the year 2000, the most acidic rain falling in the US has a pH of about 4.3.

Acid rain's pH, and the chemicals that cause acid rain, are monitored by two networks, both supported by EPA. The National Atmospheric Deposition Program measures wet deposition, and its Web site features maps of rainfall pH (follow the link to the isopleth maps) and other important precipitation chemistry measurements.

The Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) measures dry deposition. Its web site features information about the data it collects, the measuring sites, and the kinds of equipment it uses.

Effects of Acid Rain

Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams and contributes to damage of trees at high elevations (for example, red spruce trees above 2,000 feet) and many sensitive forest soils. In addition, acid rain accelerates the decay of building materials and paints, including irreplaceable buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of our nation's cultural heritage. Prior to falling to the earth, SO2 and NOx gases and their particulate matter derivatives, sulfates and nitrates, contribute to visibility degradation and harm public health.

What Society Can Do About Acid Deposition

There are several ways to reduce acid deposition, more properly called acid deposition, ranging from societal changes to individual action.

Understand acid deposition's causes and effects

To understand acid deposition's causes and effects and track changes in the environment, scientists from EPA, state governments, and academic study acidification processes. They collect air and water samples and measure them for various characteristics like pH and chemical composition, and they research the effects of acid deposition on human-made materials such as marble and bronze. Finally, scientists work to understand the effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) - the pollutants that cause acid deposition and fine particles - on human health.

To solve the acid rain problem, people need to understand how acid rain causes damage to the environment. They also need to understand what changes could be made to the air pollution sources that cause the problem. The answers to these questions help leaders make better decisions about how to control air pollution and therefore how to reduce - or even eliminate - acid rain. Since there are many solutions to the acid rain problem, leaders have a choice of which options or combination of options are best. The next section describes some of the steps that can be taken to reduce, or even eliminate, the acid deposition problem.

Clean up smokestacks and exhaust pipes

Almost all of the electricity that powers modern life comes from burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, and oil. acid deposition is caused by two pollutants that are released into the atmosphere, or emitted, when these fuels are burned: sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

Coal accounts for most US sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions and a large portion of NOx emissions. Sulfur is present in coal as an impurity, and it reacts with air when the coal is burned to form SO2. In contrast, NOx is formed when any fossil fuel is burned.

There are several options for reducing SO2 emissions, including using coal containing less sulfur, washing the coal, and using devices called scrubbers to chemically remove the SO2 from the gases leaving the smokestack. Power plants can also switch fuels; for example burning natural gas creates much less SO2 than burning coal. Certain approaches will also have additional benefits of reducing other pollutants such as mercury and carbon dioxide. Understanding these "co-benefits" has become important in seeking cost-effective air pollution reduction strategies. Finally, power plants can use technologies that don't burn fossil fuels. Each of these options has its own costs and benefits, however; there is no single universal solution.

Similar to scrubbers on power plants, catalytic converters reduce NOx emissions from cars. These devices have been required for over twenty years in the US, and it is important to keep them working properly and tailpipe restrictions have been tightened recently. EPA has also made, and continues to make, changes to gasoline that allows it to burn cleaner.

Use alternative energy sources

There are other sources of electricity besides fossil fuels. They include: nuclear power, hydropower, wind energy, geothermal energy, and solar energy. Of these, nuclear and hydropower are used most widely; wind, solar, and geothermal energy have not yet been harnessed on a large scale in this country.

There are also alternative energies available to power automobiles, including natural gas powered vehicles, battery-powered cars, fuel cells, and combinations of alternative and gasoline powered vehicles.

All sources of energy have environmental costs as well as benefits. Some types of energy are more expensive to produce than others, which means that not all Americans can afford all types of energy. Nuclear power, hydropower, and coal are the cheapest forms today, but changes in technologies and environmental regulations may shift that in the future. All of these factors must be weighed when deciding which energy source to use today and which to invest in for tomorrow.

Restore a damaged environment

Acid deposition penetrates deeply into the fabric of an ecosystem, changing the chemistry of the soil as well as the chemistry of the streams and narrowing, sometimes to nothing, the space where certain plants and animals can survive. Because there are so many changes, it takes many years for ecosystems to recover from acid deposition, even after emissions are reduced and the rain becomes normal again. For example, while the visibility might improve within days, and small or episodic chemical changes in streams improve within months, chronically acidified lakes, streams, forests, and soils can take years to decades or even centuries (in the case of soils) to heal.

However, there are some things that people do to bring back lakes and streams more quickly. Limestone or lime (a naturally-occurring basic compound) can be added to acidic lakes to "cancel out" the acidity. This process, called liming, has been used extensively in Norway and Sweden but is not used very often in the United States. Liming tends to be expensive, has to be done repeatedly to keep the water from returning to its acidic condition, and is considered a short-term remedy in only specific areas rather than an effort to reduce or prevent pollution. Furthermore, it does not solve the broader problems of changes in soil chemistry and forest health in the watershed, and does nothing to address visibility reductions, materials damage, and risk to human health. However, liming does often permit fish to remain in a lake, so it allows the native population to survive in place until emissions reductions reduce the amount of acid deposition in the area.

Look to the future

As emissions from the largest known sources of acid deposition - power plants and automobiles-are reduced, EPA scientists and their colleagues must assess the reductions to make sure they are achieving the results Congress anticipated. If these assessments show that acid deposition is still harming the environment, Congress may begin to consider additional ways to reduce emissions that cause acid deposition. They may consider additional emissions reductions from sources that have already been controlled, or methods to reduce emissions from other sources. They may also invest in energy efficiency and alternative energy. The cutting edge of protecting the environment from acid deposition will continue to develop and implement cost-effective mechanisms to cut emissions and reduce their impact on the environment.

Take action as individuals

It may seem like there is not much that one individual can do to stop acid deposition. However, like many environmental problems, acid deposition is caused by the cumulative actions of millions of individual people. Therefore, each individual can also reduce their contribution to the problem and become part of the solution. One of the first steps is to understand the problem and its solutions.

Individuals can contribute directly by conserving energy, since energy production causes the largest portion of the acid deposition problem. For example, you can:
Turn off lights, computers, and other appliances when you're not using them
Use energy efficient appliances: lighting, air conditioners, heaters, refrigerators, washing machines, etc.
Only use electric appliances when you need them.
Keep your thermostat at 68 F in the winter and 72 F in the summer. You can turn it even lower in the winter and higher in the summer when you are away from home.
Insulate your home as best you can.
Carpool, use public transportation, or better yet, walk or bicycle whenever possible
Buy vehicles with low NOx emissions, and maintain all vehicles well.
Be well-informed.


Too long for me to read.

Quote:
For all the ifnorant ones who think its rable rousing,, Angry i say you are the type of people i pray God to punish every day! silly people who doesnt want to learn, ehm Grin sorry, its a lie oh!, there is no acid rain, in fact it is a rain of blessing, next time it rains, expose your body to it!
Idiots!

Easy bros, i no know say you dey vex reach like this.

@survivor9 you no go kill me. where did you bring those pics? i laugh in chinese

All my friends wey dey fat are complaining say dey wan slim like me, you wey dey slim dey complain say you wan fat like orobo. make sure you drink fura de nunu everyday and take mawu mawu before u go 2 bed

"BOTH SOURCES SAID" "BOTH SOURCES SAID" Which source said? Who has seen him since his return. Returns to office my foot. This is d part 3 of that same drama. Nigerians keep on watching.

***sighs*** Abegii, n-e-x-t.

I think i'm learning alot here, I decided not to have another b/f since i got d shock of my life from my ex. about three years ago, I always say to myself, there is nothing wrong with that. so everything is wrong?

You have shown us the beautiful parts of Lagos, what about the ugly places?

Chai Chineke, these ppl are very funny. I can't stop laughing.

@ poster Are you saying three months or three years, cos if what u said is 3 months I don't think it's too late.

Oh God! I dey for your leg oo ppl wey dey for your hand plenty.

What was he looking for that he got lost?
Why not follow others back to school after drinking water?

Anyway, thank God he was later found.

I tire oooo, even those who live in Ajegule in lagos, Obohia in Aba, Karmu in Abuja, Okpoko in Onitsha, will still tell us the reason they left Naija. Abeg make we hear word jo.

sighs***

@ emmydee,

103. is it enough? let them divide it into 200, each ethnic group to be country. maybe there will be peace then.

@ dereformer,

Abeg make una see my head oooo, I don't want to look for it, it's very very important to me.