₦airaland Forum

Boomvibe:
This Video Shows How A Woman Was Traced From A Bank And Robbed In Lagos.
For The First time in Lagos a live robbery attack was captured by newly implemented CCTV cameras! though the money has not been recovered but thanks to the state Government for this utility in the state!

Watch video below↡↡↡↡↡

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72AY1w8qAPMI HOPE ARMED SECURITY OF LAGOS STATE GOVERNMENT CAN BE POSITIONED TO AVERT SUCH CAMERAS FROM BEING DESTROYED. LAGOS MARCHING TO GREATNESS.

CC:LALASTICLALA, FYNESTBOI

Chartey:
Yes please. Whatsapp if you have.

sinaj:
what about fighting with witches in d dream or praying in d dream

TEMINIKANSOSO:
thanks so much for your own perspective and critical look.
Dream hav always being d means of communicating with God for me, so i dnt dream serious dream always, God normally speaks to me through dream, but every time, so i took my dream so serious, i do inform my prophets n pastor abt it, but dreaming seeing myself singing, i felt like i dnt want to inform pple close to me...moreover, Thou i love to be a singer, cos that has always be my way of life as a kid, but currently i am working my Business, so i am not even having thought of music, except that i write and sing new daily. #good-song. I can drop my lyrics free of charge

Chartey:
$10,000 PayPal needed. Number in signature.

angels09:
where's the how to cure it? you just wake up here to type balderdash and attempt to advertise your herbal concoction later on...

TEMINIKANSOSO:
uhmm-Motigbo o
thanks

ucsparks:
i don't know,, we have one life to live and we have to enjoy it to the fullest

ucsparks:
I'm not ready to get married so i don't know,,, at this age i just wanna fūck as many girls as possible

Probz:
http://ukpuru.tumblr.com/search/igbo+landing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_people_in_Jamaica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Americans

Yeah, you might wanna look at some of this, nigga, and quit talking out of your arse. I see you're another nigga who doesn't think exclusive caps makes you look like anything other than a total oloshi.

lawani:
TO BE A SLAVE WAS NOT A NEW THING FOR YORUBAS. YOU GET?. A TYPICAL HOUSEHOLD CONSISTS OF SLAVES AND FREEBORNS WORKING ALONGSIDE EACH OTHER. SLAVES AND FREE BORNS INTERMARRY FREELY. SLAVERY WAS TO MAKE EVERYBODY BELONG SOMEWHERE, CHIP IN SOMEWHERE. IF I AM A SLAVE IN A PROSPEROUS HOUSEHOLD, I MIGHT BE RICH AND IF I AM OFFERED FREEDOM, I WONT TAKE IT BECAUSE I ENJOY THE RANK OF MY MASTER IN PUBLIC. PEOPLE FEAR ME BECAUSE OF MY MASTER. SO WHY WILL I HATE SLAVERY? ABEG WISE UP! A TYPICAL YORUBA CITY CONTAINED 80 PERCENT SLAVES. ALL WERE SLAVES EVEN.

lawani:
YOU ARE UNEDUCATED AND IGNORANT. I SHOULD NOT BE BANTERING WORDS WITH YOUR KIND. YOU IGBOS FAIL TO REALISE, THE BULK OF YOU ARE NEW ENTRANTS ON THE WORLD STAGE. AS AT MID 19TH CENTURY. IGBOS WERE AT THE LEVEL OF ADVANCEMENT OF THE KOMA PEOPLE RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN ADAMAWA. YET YOU EXPECT TO BE OF SAME PEDIGREE AS PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN AT NATION BUILDING SINCE TIME BEGAN? THAT MAKES NO SENSE!. ANCIENT IGBOS CONFINED THEMSELVES TO THEIR VILLAGES. HOW CAN YOU COMPARE THEM TO YORUBAS WHO KNEW AND RELATED WITH OTHERS FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS?. YOU BETTER STOP EXHIBITING YOUR IGNORANCE.

petra1:
I love something about you . You are very very courageous . And I admire your strong conviction . If someone like you enter healing ministry ,the dead must rise .

bigfrancis21:
Yorubas were among the African tribes sold in slavery to the new world. Yoruba slaves were often known as 'Anago', 'Nago', 'lukumi' in the new world. Of all tribes sent to the Americas, the Yoruba tradition survived the most, in countries such as Brazil, Cuba, Haiti, Trinidad etc. For many years, this has been incorrectly attributed to a preponderance of Yoruba slaves in the new world. However, records kept for slaves disembarking from different regions in West Africa give further insight into the highest survival of Yoruba traditional elements compared to other tribes.

The survival of Yoruba traditional elements is attributed to 2 major reasons: the late emergence of Yoruba slaves in the slave trade and favorable slave conditions and weakened slave laws in Latin American slave colonies in the mid/late 19th century.

According to slave records and numbers for each major region, Yoruba slaves did not feature significantly in the slave trade until towards the last 20 to 30 years of the abolishment of slave trade. The last quarter of the slave trade era coincided with the war period of the kingdom of Oyo in the early 19th century, which provided the bulk of slaves, mostly war captives, leaving the shores of West Africa. The British abolished slavery in 1801 and had stopped dealing in slaves, however the Portuguese continued to secretly purchase slaves from the ports of West Africa for the next 20 to 30 years, this period during which war captives from the Oyo wars formed the majority of slaves sold from the Bight of Benin. This explains why majority of Yoruba slaves till today are mostly found in Latin American countries such as Brazil, Cuba etc. However, it was not until 1833 that the British began to enforce the abolishment of slavery by intercepting slave ships leaving the shores of West Africa and dropping these slaves (mostly Yorubas at that time) in Freetown Sierra Leone.

Second, the slaves leaving the shores of West Africa, who were mostly Yoruba, during the last quarter of the slave trade era arrived Latin America at a time when slave laws had began to weaken and slaves were allowed more freedom of religion and association. Yoruba slaves arrived the new world to meet acculturated slaves, mostly local-born, who had long been stripped of their names, language and culture and had adopted into their new environment. For the Yorubas, they arrived at a time when there was more freedom to practice religion and associate compared to 50 to 100 years earlier. To the other slaves, the arrival of Yoruba slaves and religion was highly welcome as it served as a re-connection of their roots back to mama africa, till today. The Ifa religion in Latin America, which originally started as a lukumi-only religion later grew to accommodate non-lukumis seeking to retrace their roots back to mama Africa. It is important to point out that not all practicing members of lukumi-derived religions such as Santeria, Candomble etc. in the new world are necessarily of Yoruba descent, however they identify with Ifa as a remembrance of their African connection.

Thus, the 2 major factors identified to have favored the survival of Yoruba traditional elements in the new world are the late emergence of Nago slaves in slavery and considerably weakened slave laws in Latin American colonies towards the ending of the slave trade that allowed slaves more freedom, rights and freedom, compared to slaves arriving 100 years earlier. Contrary to some opinions of millions of Yoruba slaves sold, the overall number of slaves exported from Yoruba-speaking territories is estimated to be less than 500,000.

bigfrancis21:
Hahaha.

lawani:
IF YOU KEEP SAYING MOST SOUTH AMERICAN YORUBAS ARE IGBOS THOUGH MANY OF THEM KNOW EXACTLY WHICH YORUBA SUBNATION THEY CAME FROM, HOW ABOUT THE 40 PERCENT OF NIGERIAN IGBO POPULATION WHO ARE OSUS? I HOPE YOU KNOW 99 PERCENT OF OSUS ARE YORUBAS?.

bigfrancis21:
Actually, in terms of numbers Yorubas were among the least sent to the Americas. Figures put it at about 500,000. The figure of those who actually settled might be smaller when you take into consideration those that returned to Sierra Leone and Lagos in the 1800s. The preponderance of the Yoruba culture in Latin America due to Yoruba's late arrival doesn't necessarily translate to high population numbers.

bigfrancis21:
You still haven't proven any point yet, and the oldest human skull, by the way, was found in Ethiopia.

No evidence, no point made by you.


http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/herto_skulls.php

lawani:
THE SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE ARRIVED ON THE WEST AFRICAN COAST LATE 15TH CENTURY TO MEET PEOPLE THERE AS VERY ADVANCED. THEY RELATED AS EQUALS. I MEAN THE YORUBA HELD WEST AFRICAN COAST. YORUBA WENT TO SOUTH AMERICA AND EUROPE WITH THEM AND YORUBAS DEFINITELY WERE IN SOUTH AMERICA BEFORE NATIONS LIKE BRITAIN AND GERMANY. IF IGBOS CANT SAY THEY SURPASS GERMANS IN THE AMERICAS, HOW CAN THEY SURPASS YORUBAS? IS IT BECAUSE BOTH ARE BLACKS? JUST LIKE YOU MENTION GERMAN, BRITISH, SPANISH, PORTUGUESE IN THE AMERICAS IS THE WAY YOU MENTION YORUBA. THEY HAVE BEEN THERE FROM THE START! THEY STARTED TOGETHER!. PRESENTLY, THERE MAY BE MORE YORUBAS IN SOUTH AMERICA THAN IN WEST AFRICA! INFACT THAT IS DEFINITELY SO. THERE ARE WHITE YORUBA!. YOU CANT SAY THEY ARE NOT YORUBA BECAUSE THEY ARE DESCENDED FROM OR HAVE ADOPTED THE YORUBA CULTURE. DONT FOCUS ON RACE. YORUBA CAN BE ANY APPEARANCE. FROM THE BEGINNING, THERE HAVE BEEN WHITES AMONG YORUBA BECAUSE WE HAVE GENES ORIGINATING FROM EUROPE EVERYWHERE IN WEST AFRICA. YOU ARE BLACK ONLY BECAUSE OF CENTURIES OF TAN.
IGBOS WERENT MUCH IN THE PAST I BELIEVE AND TODAY ALL OSUS ARE MOST PROBABLY DESCENDED FROM YORUBA SLAVES. IGALAS ARE YORUBOID. SO IF IGBOS ARE PLENTY TODAY, IT WAS AT THE EXPENSE OF MAINLY YORUBAS, THEY SHOULD BE GRATEFUL!.

IF A YORUBA MARRY A FRENCH WOMAN AND THE CHILD MARRY A CHINESE ON LIKE THAT WHILE THERE ARE A MILLION PEOPLE LIKE THAT MARRYING CHINESE, RED INDIANS, EUROPEANS JAPANESE WHILE THEY MAINTAINED THE YORUBA CULTURE AND TRADITIONS BUT NO LONGER LOOK LIKE WEST AFRICANS, ARE YOU SAYING THEY ARE NOT YORUBA? THAT WOULD BE TOTALLY WRONG! THEY ARE YORUBA AND EVEN THEY ARE THE ONLY TRUE YORUBAS REMAINING! IF YOU CANT SAY ASHKENAZI ARE NOT JEWS, WHY SAY SOUTH AMERICANS ARE NOT YORUBAS?

bigfrancis21:
You still haven't proven any point yet, and the oldest human skull, by the way, was found in Ethiopia.

No evidence, no point made by you.


http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/herto_skulls.php

bigfrancis21:
Well history has it that the entire Ketu was attacked by night and the entire village sacked, pillaged and burned. Many were killed and the rest, no less than 20,000 of them, were sold into slavery as war captives. Till today, it is often said that the traditional Ketu native rites for the god has been lost as the people who knew how to recite the rites were all sold into slavery. Ketu was only repopulated in recent times.

bigfrancis21:
Provide evidence for this. Like I said, the last time I checked there was no concrete evidence for that.

By evidence I mean, researched and published evidence of foreign or international origin, not by a Yoruba person.

bigfrancis21:
I added more information to my post. Re-read it again. Unlike you I speak from facts, not from some-made up fantasy in my head.

And this is not a comparison of tribal historical feats for such is inane. I tell history the way it is.

bigfrancis21:
The last time I checked there was no concrete evidence for this, only peddled around by Yoruba history revisionists or found on pro-yoruba websites. Official records put the start of Ife civilization realistically around the 12th century.

bigfrancis21:
This is false for so many reasons. First, carbon dating evidence reveals that Nri civilization is the oldest civilization in southern Nigeria, coming into existence 300 years before Ife, the first Yoruba civilization around the 1200s. Second Olukwumi people who are settlers settled in delta Igboland in as recently as the 18th century - many centuries after Igbos had been settled in their area. There is no evidence of cultural exchange to the east via olukwumi speaking people. Infact majority of them have been assimilated into the Igbo culture. Third, there's not a slight evidence of Yoruba colonization in Igbo land. Come off it. Igbo as a tribal name has been in use since as early as the beginning of the slave trade around the 16th century. Several slave records and documents prove this. Igbo slaves were known as Eboe, Heeboe etc. in the Americas as early as the 16th century. Olaudah Equiano, an ex Igbo slave, in his memoir written in the 1700s referred to his people as 'eboe'. Several Igbo town names in existence for many centuries bear 'Igbo' in them such as Igbo Ukwu (Anambra state), Igboere (Abia state) etc. Igbo is one southern Nigerian tribe that includes its tribal name in its village names and also personal names (Igboamaeze, Igbogekwu, etc). Fourth, Yoruba survival in the Caribbean was not of any special happenstance but instead due to the fact that Yoruba was the last or among the last ethnic groups to be sold into slavery, towards the abolishment of slavery by the British, that is in as recently as the 19th century or around the 1800s. The British abolished first in 1807 however slavery continued along the shores of West Africa freely. The British no longer traded in slaves nor sent slave ships to West Africa but the Portuguese especially continued buying slaves, rather secretly in the night, from west African ports. This explains why the Yoruba slave descendants till today are mostly found in Latin America (spanish and portuguese speaking countries such as Brazil, Cuba etc). The Oyo wars going on at this time provided the bulk of slaves (mostly war captives) leaving west Africa. It was also during this time that desertification of Ketu village by Dahomean warriors took place and no less than 20,000 Ketu Yorubas were sold into slavery by Dahomey. Ketu village was left scanty for many decades, only repopulated recently. It was not until 1833 that the British enforced the the abolishment of slave trade by intercepting slave ships leaving the shores for West Africa and dropping these slaves off in nearby towns such as Freetown in Sierra Leone or returning them back to Lagos. Yorubas who made it to Latin America met descendants of other tribes who had been stripped off their names and identity during the peak and enforcement of slavery laws and had long forgotten their connection to Africa. The Yorubas, still being fresh from Africa, were still strongly connected with their tradition and religion and also slavery laws had begun to weaken in Latin America, slavery was coming to an end, and slaves were allowed more freedom of worship and association. Thus, the Yoruba language and religion, being the last to arrive Latin america, survived as a matter of favorable times and conditions. Majority of these Yoruba slaves were born in Africa and many still remembered where they came from such that many years after, some of them returned back to Yorubaland (Agudas), especially when the Oba of Lagos at that time declared the borders of Lagos open to Yoruba returnees. These Yoruba returnees came back with foreign last names, a few of them later changed their last names to Yoruba names. Some of these returnees returned to Sierra Leone where some settled and a small percentage came back to Lagos (Saros). However, for majority of the slaves or descendants of other tribes, many were local-born in Latin America and were unable to trace exactly where their ancestors were taken from though they may have known the tribe but the actual village many did not know.

However, given the favorable circumstances surrounding the Yoruba middle passage, one would wonder why the language did not survive as a living language among Yoruba descendants in places like Brazil? Given that these slaves had arrived at a time when freedom of worship and association were allowed to slaves unlike 50 to 100 years earlier. Lukumi, the old Yoruba dialect, remains a liturgical language used during Ifa worship just as Latin is sometimes used in Catholic worship but it is not spoken natively by anybody in these countries. Also, mostly the Ifa priests tend to understand/know the meaning behind lukumi verses and most of the Ifa worshipers do not understand what is being said, except if the worship is conducted in Portuguese as it is sometimes done.

To slaves from other tribes (such as Fon, Akan, Ga, Congolese, Igbo, Efiks etc) in Latin America, the arrival of Yoruba slaves and the introduction of their religion was highly welcome as it served as their major re-connection to mama africa, even till now. Ifa religion accommodates members from other tribes and non-africans, and not all practitioners are necessarily of Yoruba descent. Till today some blacks in the Latin American diaspora especially, who may not necessarily be of Yoruba descent, try to reconnect to mama Africa and the Yoruba religion is often the first African religion they encounter. For former British slave colonies, or English-speaking Latin and Caribbean countries such as United States, Jamaica, Belize, Guyana, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent etc. and Haiti (french speaking) the British preferred Igbo, Akan and Congolese slaves and these 3 groups form the majority of slave descent in these countries.

bigfrancis21:
This is false for so many reasons. First, carbon dating evidence reveals that Nri civilization is the oldest civilization in southern Nigeria, coming into existence 300 years before Ife, the first Yoruba civilization around the 1200s. Second Olukwumi people who are settlers settled in delta Igboland in as recently as the 18th century - many centuries after Igbos had been settled in their area. There is no evidence of cultural exchange to the east via olukwumi speaking people. Infact majority of them have been assimilated into the Igbo culture. Third, there's not a slight evidence of Yoruba colonization in Igbo land. Come off it. Igbo as a tribal name has been in use since as early as the beginning of the slave trade around the 16th century. Several slave records and documents prove this. Igbo slaves were known as Eboe, Heeboe etc. in the Americas as early as the 16th century. Olaudah Equiano, an ex Igbo slave, in his memoir written in the 1700s referred to his people as 'eboe'. Several Igbo town names in existence for many centuries bear 'Igbo' in them such as Igbo Ukwu (Anambra state), Igboere (Abia state) etc. Igbo is one southern Nigerian tribe that includes its tribal name in its village names and also personal names (Igboamaeze, Igbogekwu, etc). Fourth, Yoruba survival in the Caribbean was not of any special happenstance but instead due to the fact that Yoruba was the last or among the last ethnic groups to be sold into slavery, towards the abolishment of slavery by the British, that is in as recently as the 19th century or around the 1800s. The British abolished first in 1807 however slavery continued along the shores of West Africa freely. The British no longer traded in slaves nor sent slave ships to West Africa but the Portuguese especially continued buying slaves, rather secretly in the night, from west African ports. This explains why the Yoruba slave descendants till today are mostly found in Latin America (spanish and portuguese speaking countries such as Brazil, Cuba etc). The Oyo wars going on at this time provided the bulk of slaves (mostly war captives) leaving west Africa. It was also during this time that desertification of Ketu village by Dahomean warriors took place and no less than 20,000 Ketu Yorubas were sold into slavery by Dahomey. Ketu village was left scanty for many decades, only repopulated recently. It was not until 1833 that the British enforced the the abolishment of slave trade by intercepting slave ships leaving the shores for West Africa and dropping these slaves off in nearby towns such as Freetown in sierra leone. Yorubas who made it to Latin America met descendants of other tribes who had been stripped off their names and identity during the peak and enforcement of slavery laws and had long forgotten their connection to Africa. The Yorubas, still being fresh from Africa, were still strongly connected with their tradition and religion and also slavery laws had begun to weaken in Latin America, slavery was coming to an end, and slaves were allowed more freedom or worship and association. Thus, the Yoruba language and religion, being the last to arrive Latin america, survived as a matter of favorable times and conditions. Majority of these Yoruba slaves were born in Africa and many still remembered where they came from such that many years after, some of them returned back to Yorubaland (Agudas), especially when the Oba of Lagos at that time declared the borders of Lagos open to Yoruba returnees. These Yoruba returnees came back with foreign last names, a few of them later changed their last names to Yoruba names. Some of these returnees returned to Sierra Leone where some settled and a small percentage came back to Lagos (Saros). However, for majority of the slaves or descendants of other tribes, many were local-born in Latin America and were unable to trace exactly where their ancestors were taken from though they may have known the tribe but the actual village many did not know.

However, given the favorable circumstances surrounding the Yoruba middle passage, one would wonder why the language did not survive as a living language among Yoruba descendants in places like Brazil? Given that these slaves had arrived at a time when freedom of worship and association were allowed to slaves unlike 50 to 100 years earlier. Lukumi, the old Yoruba dialect, remains a liturgical language used during Ifa worship just as Latin is sometimes used in Catholic worship but it is not spoken natively by anybody in these countries. Also, mostly the Ifa priests tend to understand/know the meaning behind lukumi verses and most of the Ifa worshipers do not understand what is being said, except if the worship is conducted in Portuguese as it is sometimes done.

For other tribes, the arrival of Yoruba slaves and the introduction of their religion was highly welcome as it served as their major re-connection to mama africa, even till now. Ifa religion accommodates members from other tribes and non-africans, and not all practitioners are necessarily of Yoruba descent. Till today some blacks in the Latin American diaspora especially, who may not necessarily be of Yoruba descent, try to reconnect to mama Africa and the Yoruba religion is often the first they encounter. For former British slave colonies, or English-speaking Latin and Caribbean countries such as United States, Jamaica, Belize, Guyana, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent etc. and Haiti (french speaking) the British preferred Igbo, Akan and Congolese slaves and these 3 groups form the majority of slave descent in these countries.

bigfrancis21:
This is false for so many reasons. First, carbon dating evidence reveals that Nri civilization is the oldest civilization in southern Nigeria, coming into existence 300 years before Ife, the first Yoruba civilization around the 1200s. Second Olukwumi people who are settlers settled in delta Igboland in as recently as the 18th century - many centuries after Igbos had been settled in their area. There is no evidence of cultural exchange to the east via olukwumi speaking people. Infact majority of them have been assimilated into the Igbo culture. Third, there's not a slight evidence of Yoruba colonization in Igbo land. Come off it. Igbo as a tribal name has been in use since as early as the beginning of the slave trade around the 16th century. Several slave records and documents prove this. Igbo slaves were known as Eboe, Heeboe etc. in the Americas as early as the 16th century. Olaudah Equiano, an ex Igbo slave, in his memoir written in the 1700s referred to his people as 'eboe'. Several Igbo town names in existence for many centuries bear 'Igbo' in them such as Igbo Ukwu (Anambra state), Igboere (Abia state) etc. Igbo is one southern Nigerian tribe that includes its tribal name in its village names and also personal names (Igboamaeze, Igbogekwu, etc). Fourth, Yoruba survival in the Caribbean was not of any special happenstance but instead due to the fact that Yoruba was the last or among the last ethnic groups to be sold into slavery, towards the abolishment of slavery by the British, that is in as recently as the 19th century or around the 1800s. The British abolished first in 1807 however slavery continued along the shores of West Africa freely. The British no longer traded in slaves nor sent slave ships to West Africa but the Portuguese especially continued buying slaves, rather secretly in the night, from west African ports. This explains why the Yoruba slave descendants till today are mostly found in Latin America (spanish and portuguese speaking countries such as Brazil, Cuba etc). The Oyo wars going on at this time provided the bulk of slaves (mostly war captives) leaving west Africa. It was also during this time that desertification of Ketu village by Dahomean warriors took place and no less than 20,000 Ketu Yorubas were sold into slavery by Dahomey. Ketu village was left scanty for many decades, only repopulated recently. It was not until 1833 that the British enforced the the abolishment of slave trade by intercepting slave ships leaving the shores for West Africa and dropping these slaves off in nearby towns such as Freetown in sierra leone. Yorubas who made it to Latin America met descendants of other tribes who had been stripped off their names and identity during the peak and enforcement of slavery laws and had long forgotten their connection to Africa. The Yorubas, still being fresh from Africa, were still strongly connected with their tradition and religion and also slavery laws had begun to weaken in Latin America, slavery was coming to an end, and slaves were allowed more freedom or worship and association. Thus, the Yoruba language and religion, being the last to arrive Latin america, survived as a matter of favorable times and conditions. Majority of these Yoruba slaves were born in Africa and many still remembered where they came from such that many years after, some of them returned back to Yorubaland (Agudas), especially when the Oba of Lagos at that time declared the borders of Lagos open to Yoruba returnees. These Yoruba returnees came back with foreign last names, a few of them later changed their last names to Yoruba names. Some of these returnees returned to Sierra Leone where some settled and a small percentage came back to Lagos (Saros). However, for majority of the slaves or descendants of other tribes, many were local-born in Latin America and were unable to trace exactly where their ancestors were taken from though they may have known the tribe but the actual village many did not know.

However, given the favorable circumstances surrounding the Yoruba middle passage, one would wonder why the language did not survive as a living language among Yoruba descendants in places like Brazil? Given that these slaves had arrived at a time when freedom of worship and association were allowed to slaves unlike 50 to 100 years earlier. Lukumi, the old Yoruba dialect, remains a liturgical language used during Ifa worship just as Latin is sometimes used in Catholic worship but it is not spoken natively by anybody in these countries. Also, mostly the Ifa priests tend to understand/know the meaning behind lukumi verses and most of the Ifa worshipers do not understand what is being said, except if the worship is conducted in Portuguese as it is sometimes done.

For other tribes, the arrival of Yoruba slaves and the introduction of their religion was highly welcome as it served as their major re-connection to mama africa, even till now. Ifa religion accommodates members from other tribes and non-africans, and not all practitioners are necessarily of Yoruba descent. Till today some blacks in the Latin American diaspora especially, who may not necessarily be of Yoruba descent, try to reconnect to mama Africa and the Yoruba religion is often the first they encounter. For former British slave colonies, or English-speaking Latin and Caribbean countries such as United States, Jamaica, Belize, Guyana, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent etc. and Haiti (french speaking) the British preferred Igbo, Akan and Congolese slaves and these 3 groups form the majority of slave descent in these countries.

bigfrancis21:
This is false for so many reasons. First, carbon dating evidence reveals that Nri civilization is the oldest civilization in southern Nigeria, coming into existence 300 years before Ife, the first Yoruba civilization around the 1200s. Second Olukwumi people who are settlers settled in delta Igboland in as recently as the 18th century - many centuries after Igbos had been settled in their area. There is no evidence of cultural exchange to the east via olukwumi speaking people. Infact majority of them have been assimilated into the Igbo culture. Third, there's not a slight evidence of Yoruba colonization in Igbo land. Come off it. Igbo as a tribal name has been in use since as early as the beginning of the slave trade around the 16th century. Several slave records and documents prove this. Several Igbo town names in existence for many centuries bear 'Igbo' in them such as Igbo Ukwu (Anambra state), Igboere (Abia state) etc. Fourth, Yoruba survival in the Caribbean was not of any special happening but instead due to the fact that Yoruba was the last or among the last ethnic groups to be sold into slavery, towards the abolishment of slavery by the British, that is in as recently as the 19th century or around the 1800s. The British abolished first in 1807 however slavery continued along the shores of West Africa freely. The British no longer traded in slaves nor sent slave ships to West Africa but the Portuguese especially continued buying slaves, rather secretly in the night, from west African ports. This explains why the Yoruba slave descendants till today are mostly found in Latin America (spanish and portuguese speaking countries such as Brazil, Cuba etc). The Oyo wars going on at this time provided the bulk of slaves leaving west Africa. It was also during this time that desertification of Ketu village by Dahomean warriors took place and no less than 20,000 Ketu Yorubas were sold into slavery by Dahomey. Ketu village was left scanty for many decades, only repopulated recently. It was not until 1833 that the British enforced the the abolishment of slave trade by intercepting slave ships leaving the shores for West Africa and dropping these slaves off in nearby towns such as Freetown in sierra leone. Yorubas who made it to Latin America met descendants of other tribes who had been stripped off their names and identity during the peak and enforcement of slavery laws and had long forgotten their connection to Africa. The Yorubas, still being fresh from Africa, were still strongly connected with their tradition and religion and also slavery laws had begun to weaken in Latin America, slavery was coming to an end, and slaves were allowed more freedom or worship and association. Thus, the Yoruba language and religion, being the last to arrive Latin america, survived as a matter of favorable times and conditions. Majority of these Yoruba slaves were born in Africa and many still remembered where they came from such that many years after, some of them returned back to Yorubaland (Agudas), especially when the Oba of Lagos at that time declared the borders of Lagos open to Yoruba returnees. These Yoruba returnees came back with foreign last names, a few of them later changed their last names to Yoruba names. Some of these returnees returned to Sierra Leone where some settled and a small percentage came back to Lagos (Saros). However, for majority of the slaves or descendants of other tribes, many were local-born in Latin America and were unable to trace exactly where their ancestors were taken from though they may have known the tribe but the actual village many did not know.

However, given the favorable circumstances surrounding the Yoruba middle passage, one would wonder why the language did not survive as a living language among Yoruba descendants in places like Brazil? Given that these slaves had arrived at a time when freedom of worship and association were allowed to slaves unlike 50 to 100 years earlier. Lukumi, the old Yoruba dialect, remains a liturgical language used during Ifa worship just as Latin is sometimes used in Catholic worship but it is not spoken natively by anybody in these countries. Also, mostly the Ifa priests tend to understand/know the meaning behind lukumi verses and most of the Ifa worshipers do not understand what is being said, except if the worship is conducted in Portuguese as it is sometimes done.

For other tribes, the arrival of Yoruba slaves and the introduction of their religion was highly welcome as it served as their major re-connection to mama africa, even till now. Ifa religion accommodates members from other tribes and non-africans, and not all practitioners are necessarily of Yoruba descent. Till today some blacks in the Latin American diaspora especially, who may not necessarily be of Yoruba descent, try to reconnect to mama africa and the Yoruba religion is often the first they encounter. For former British slave colonies, or English-speaking Latin and Caribbean countries such as United States, Jamaica, Belize, Guyana, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent etc. and Haiti (french speaking) the British preferred Igbo, Akan and Congolese slaves and these 3 groups form the majority of slave descent in these countries.

bigfrancis21:
This is false for so many reasons. First, carbon dating evidence reveals that Nri civilization is the oldest civilization in southern Nigeria, coming into existence 300 years before Ife, the first Yoruba civilization around the 1200s. Second Olukwumi people who are settlers settled in delta Igboland in as recently as the 18th century - many centuries after Igbos had been settled in their area. There is no evidence of cultural exchange to the east via olukwumi speaking people. Infact majority of them have been assimilated into the Igbo culture. Third, there's not a slight evidence of Yoruba colonization in Igbo land. Come off it. Igbo as a tribal name has been in use since as early as the beginning of the slave trade around the 16th century. Several slave records and documents prove this. Several Igbo town names in existence for many centuries bear 'Igbo' in them such as Igbo Ukwu (Anambra state), Igboere (Abia state) etc. Fourth, Yoruba survival in the Caribbean was not of any special happening but instead due to the fact that Yoruba was the last or among the last ethnic groups to be sold into slavery, towards the abolishment of slavery by the British, that is in as recently as the 19th century or around the 1800s. The British abolished first in 1807 however slavery continued along the shores of West Africa freely. The British no longer traded in slaves nor sent slave ships to west africa but the Portuguese especially continued buying slaves, rather secretly, from west African ports. The Oyo wars going on at this time provided the bulk of slaves leaving west Africa. It was also during this time that desertification of Ketu village by Dahomean warriors took place and no less than 20,000 Ketu Yorubas were sold into slavery by Dahomey. Ketu village was left scanty for many decades, only repopulated recently.