Mr Brown had thought of nothing but numbers. He should have known that the kingdom of God did not depend on large crowds. Our Lord Himself stressed the importance of fewness. Narrow is the way and few the number. To fill the Lord's holy temple with an idolatrous crowd clamoring for signs was a folly of everlasting consequence. Our Lord used the whip only once in His life - to drive the crowd away from His church.

Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart.


When Churches pridefully deviate from the core purpose of Christianity, things will definitely fall apart.
Churches are now rated by the financial worth of pastors and the crowd that troop into the church, rather than the word preached and it's impart in preparing the congregation for the world to come.

Did you know, that with just #140k you can have 24/7 Electricity to watch this year's BBN?..
you don't need to miss the actions, intrigues, Entanglements and heartbreaks.
visit Www.unitronixglobal.com for more details

OvisFranko:
What is the DoD of the battery used in the calculation?

I must say that the calculation didn't consider Depth of discharge (DoD) , But
going by the calculation; if the consumer should follow this calculation religiously, then the Depth of discharge (DoD) will be 100% / 688Ah... why we don't consider the depth of discharge in most calculations is because modern batteries can allow the consumer to discharge the batteries to 100%, and still the Battery cycle life will not be affected.


sorry for the late response, I just saw your question few minutes ago

[quote author=Hahjascho post=92145429]Nice one... but, do you empower with the skill?[/quote

I just couldn't wrap my head around your question.

but if you meant to ask if we carryout trainings... Yes we do,... but it's not available for now

chatinent:
If after everything, you still didn't understand this post, join me here let's eat nkwobi and step it down with fresh morning tumbo.

lol... Bro, I would have loved to help , if you can point out where you got confused while reading it....Abi, d mathematics too much ?

Ajakaiye83:
Thank you very much for your design.
I have a question though.
If the runtime desired is 12hrs and it is 7pm to 7am daily, will this design remain valid?
Because by 7am the next day, the batteries are fully drained and the solar panel will not be enough to fully charged the battery back to 100% leading to battery sulphation.

I look forward to hearing back from you.
Thanks

Good question...
I assumed it to be a perfect system, where the battery "STATE OF CHARGE" is always 100% everyday.


Since you asked, let me try to elucidate.
YES, there might be days where the weather condition ( especially during raining seasons) , might not allow for enough sunlight to charge the battery to 100% of its capacity. maybe, it will only charge to about 70% ... In cases like this, it won't last for the stipulated 12 hours if you use all the appliances simultaneously. But if you reduce the load, let's say by not using 1 fan, home theater and 2bulbs; the battery will be able to power the remaining appliances for that 12hours.
Again, modern Inverters are designed to allow batteries to be charged from National grid (NEPA) if available. So, even when there is no sunlight; the battery might still be charged to 100% of its SOC by power from National grid or other A.C input .


I intentionally left out those details in this particular write-up , so as not to confuse most people.
I appreciate the question.

How to calculate ratings of solar materials needed to power your house ( Solar panels, batteries, inverters etc).
Assuming, you make a scale of preference of Electrical appliance you need at home , and among those you can't do without include
1) television
2)lights (4 bulbs)
3) personal computer/ laptop
4) fan (2 of them)
5) decoder
6) home theatre

Again, assuming you need the above listed Electrical appliances to be powered for at least 12 hours daily, using Solar power generation method; Then you can actually calculate the ratings of materials ( Battery, Solar panels, inverter and charge controller) needed to make it possible, without involving the services of a solar Engineer, who will be demanding certain amount of money for "Load survey" and consultancy

THE CALCULATIONS.
If your load have the following Electrical load details on the name plate.
Television 120wts,220v,0.8p.f
Fan (2) 120wts (i.e 60wts each), 220v,0.8p.f
P.c. 150wts,220v, 0.8p.f
Light(4) 200wts (50watts each),220v,0.8p.f
Home theater 100wts,220v,0.8p.f


INVERTER CALCULATION
Inverters are rated in either Apparent power (VA) or Real power (watts).The rating will be clearly written on the inverters nameplate.
Note:
Apparent power(Va) = real power(wts)÷ power factor (p.f).

Since apparent power gives a better and more correct value of the load; we will use apparent power for this calculation.

Television = 120wts/0.8 = 150va
Light = 200wts/0.8= 250VA
P.c = 150wts/0.8=187.5Va
Fan= 120wts/0.8= 150VA
Home theater = 100wts/0.8=125VA

TOTAL LOADS of appliance (TL)
Real power= 120+200+150+120+100 =690wts

Apparent power
150+250+187.5+150+125= 862.5VA


SIZE OF INVERTER'S
If 20% additional load is taken into consideration for future expansion.

Then
Additional further load expansion (AL) = 20%
Efficiency of the inverter (Ei) = 90%


Size of inverter (S of I) = TL × [ (100+AL) ÷Ei]


S of I = 862.5 × [( 100+20) + 90]
S of I = 862.5 × 1.3333
S of I = 1150VA
= 1.15KVA
The size of inverter needed should be equal or greater than 1.15KVA.


TO DETERMINE THE SIZE OF THE BATTERY
If
Total load (TL) = 862.5VA
Battery Bank voltage (Bv) =24v
Required battery backup time (Rbb) = 12hours
Battery efficiency (Eb) = 90%

In Ideal scenario
Battery rating (AH)= (TL × Rbb) ÷ Bv

= (862.5×12)÷24
=431.25Ah

Considering losses and other factors like battery temperature

Assuming the operation temperature of battery (O.T) is 46°c.
Then the operation temperature correction of battery at 46°c at 90% battery efficiency is = 0.87
"You can Google this"

Battery rating formula becomes.
= (TL × Rbb) ÷(Eb ×Bv×O.T× Ei)
= (862.5 ×12) ÷ (0.9×24×0.87×0.
=688.4Ah
Hence the battery needed should be rated at about
688.4Ah,24v.

Note: getting one battery if that rating will be a Herculean task. But we achieve it by connecting two or more batteries in a particular pattern.


HOW TO DETERMINE THE RATING OF SOLAR PANEL.
First, we need to find the changing current which is always taken to be "one tenth" (1/10) of the battery AH.

688 × (1/10) = 68.8 A.

Power rating of panel = battery bank voltage × charging current.
= 24 × 68.8
= 1651.2watts solar panel.
The number of solar panel is determined by the rating of solar panels.
We have panels ranges for 50watts solar panels
100wts
And even up to 450watts.

To DETERMINE THE SIZE OF CHARGE CONTROLLER.
The charge controllers should be bigger than the charging current.

Since the charging current is 68.8A
Then a solar controller of 70Amps upwards is needed


To determine the time needed to fully charge a battery (T)

T = Ah/A
= 688/68.8 = 10hours.


Note that because of losses between the panel and charge controllers, it might take much time to charge.



Engr. Joseph ogbonna OHUCHE.
Solar Engineer at UNITRONIX GLOBAL COMPANY LIMITED.

For more info on solar systems , please visit.
www.unitronixglobal.com

sikowitz17:
lol go and read it again

lol... I guess I was so much in a hurry not to have noticed the 2019 , attached to 7th August....sorry

https://www.nigerianarmyms.ng/pages.php?pgid=38

I came across this link,..seems DSSC recruitment will be kicking off on 7 August, 2020

nice job bro

Need For urgent Government policy in power sector.
Since the return of democracy in 1999, each Government have always made power generation her priority. Though, this effort has yielded little or no visible result - considering the amount of power generated and the power needs of Nigerians.
The challenge of poor power supply from National grid has remained a stumbling block in government effort at curbing Environmental degradation,noise pollution , green house gas emissions in residential areas and accidents caused by generating sets;
As each government policy aimed at banning generators is always met with huge resistance from the citizenry, who depends greatly on it to meet the power needs in their homes and offices.
Government now look the other way , each time generator ban becomes a national topic.
The 9th Senate tried passing a bill to prohibit the use of generators; even members of the legislature voted against that bill, because they also depend on generator for their day to day activities.
Recently, the Nigeria government banned certain sizes of generators from entering Nigeria border; chief among them is the popular " I pass my neighbor generator".
This reduced the availability of the said type of generator in open market. But those who are able to smuggle it into the country, still have a great number of customers who are ready to pay exorbitant prices to purchase the product, because of its low fuel consumption feature.
Though it totally inexcusable on the part of Government to be unable to provide the basic amenities of her citizens, but coming up with policy that will benefit them will be a step in the right direction.
If government can provide an alternative to petrol/Diesel generating sets,and further subsidize this alternative power generation machines, so majority of her citizens can afford; only then would the ban on generating sets be possible in a country like Nigeria.
As a professional and consultant in power systems and Electrical machines
I will advice the government of the day to consolidate on the gains made so far in solar Systems Engineering and other renewal energy.

There are many Ways government can consolidate on the gains recorded so far in solar Systems.This includes;
1)Reducing tax and duties paid in importing solar system equipment
2) Giving waivers to companies that wishes to invest in Renewal power generation.
3) Through public-private partnership with reputable power computers in manufacturing solar materials in Nigeria.
4)Giving loans to companies who are willing and capable of manufacturing components needed in solar power generation.

With solar systems gaining wide acceptance from Nigerians, it will be wise on the side of government to urgently come up with good policies or set up a committee that will advise it on ways to maximize the gains in solar energy.
Ohuche Joseph ogbonna
Solar Engineer
@ Unitronix global company limited
www.unitronixglobal.com

CCTV expert and solar Engineer

I just noticed that none is practicing what he or she studied in school...What a country!

ethan0:
current affairs abi just general

mostly current affairs and one mathematics question.
And some of the current affairs was about Ebonyi State

ethan0:
was it objectives

subjective and essay writing

HOW IT WENT DOWN IN EBONYI STATE YESTERDAY
I asked my cousin to submit my c.v at DSS office in Abakakili on Friday.After he submitted it, he called to inform me about what the person collecting it told him.
"Bros, the exam na tomorrow by 7 am. How e go be?"
I was in portharcourt , infact I was on a roof top, mounting solar panels when the call came in.
I checked my time, it was about 3pm, 2 hours Short of my closing hour.
I informed my colleague about the matter, and he promised to cover up for me.
I left portharcourt for Abakakili by 5:30pm on Friday. Made a temporary stop at okigwe, imo state, and then continued in the earlier hours of the next day.
I arrived the venue of the exam, at about 8:30am , and joined the many others in the venue to chat away time.
At about 9:30 am , we were asked to queue up.
The day was going right, till a DSS official came with a list (handwritten) and asked everyone to listen to their names.
The names was called and anybody whose name was on the list was issued a number which he/she was to write on his or her exam answer script.
After the names was called,... baba , the next thing we heard was ," Anyone who didn't hear his or her name should leave the exam venue (army barracks for that matters).
I checked how much I spent , the risk I took ,and then decided that the only way I will leave without writing that exam is by body bag.
I can only leave that place when I am done writing the exam,.. anything short of that, I no go gree.
Few minutes after the names was called, the DSS officials present started receiving calls from God knows where...
I can hear some DSS officials saying things like , " tell him to meet me , I am on blue shirt." " Tell am to come front"
Na so, people was being given numbers because of connect.

Like play , like play, the Boss drove in with his escort and tried to make sure everything was well organized.
Initially, he asked those whose names wasn't in the list to leave, but later changed his mind after seeing frustration written over our faces.
After listening to some of us, ...he immediately called the state headquarters to print extra 120 questions papers, and that should be done immediately.
He asked us to queue up, and numbers to be issued to us.
He ordered the officials at the gate not to allow any other person inside the exam compound.

Na so man carry write the exam ooo... Though, I have my misgivings about the whole process.

So, bro if you can gate crash , abeg do am,... But make sure you conquer your fear like me.

geodemainguy:
I submitted today in Ebonyi. I heard invitation via text message has been sent already.

were you told that the exam is tomorrow?

Please, Did any body from Ebonyi receive invite?...I submitted today, through a cousin of mine, and he(my cousin) was told that the exams holds tomorrow,... I just left portharcourt, hoping to arrive Abakakili in the early hours of tomorrow.

so I want to know what I am in for. i.e if others who submitted earlier received a message

HARNESSING THE SUN TO SOLVE OUR POWER NEEDS.
In the nineties, the exclamation "Up NEPAAAA!" always comes with short,but huge celebration.
While the kids make their ways to their various home to continue with their favorite cartoon, the adults triple their steps , just to get home in time to finish chores that require use of Electricity, before the power goes on another sabbatical leave.
As years go by, This scenarios haven't changed, though with the availability of different sizes of generator, various homes no longer depend totally on National grid for their Electrical power needs;
Generators has become a must have for almost all homes in Nigeria, as its usefulness in our homes and business can not be overemphasized. But, its effect on our environment has always been a cause of concern for experts who has carried out different research on the cons of generator in our society.
Engr. Moses dimpka in his paper said , " Generator is problem that solves a problem".
He further highlighted these problems to include, but not limited to
•Noise pollution,
•cost of fuels
•Emissions of green house gasses
•Safety of operation.

Solar systems on the other hand, has now solved this problems poised by generators .

1)Solar systems has about 0.71decibel of sound level at
normal operating conditions. These can't be compared to a generators sound level of about 21 decibels.

2)Efficiency: The transient stability of generators and its efficiency, especially when underloaded has been a case of interest to Electrical Engineer.
Most home appliances have been damaged because of swings in generators.
The solar system has totally eradicated this issues, as its phase angle remains one, when underloaded or on average load conditions.
Hence KVA=KW in solar systems

3) Emission of green house gasses: These are gases that contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer. Gasses like Carbon monoxide,CFCs etc are emitted by the exhaust of a generator and has green house effect
The solar system has been found to emit none of these gases

4) Safety of operation: The inflammable nature of fuels used by generators is of great concern to safety experts. Thousand homes has being set ablaze because of accidents associated with the use of generators.
This can't be said of solar systems that uses none of this fuels

5) Availability of operating materials: There are days where fuel scarcity becomes the order of the day in Nigeria. Many people with money is visited with the harsh reality of having no fuel to buy. Business suffer and many are forced to shut down temporarily.
But, the sun is always available. There is no geographical position on Earth without sun. No place!
6) Cost: Though many may argue that the cost of setting up a Solar systems is higher, but when juxtaposed with a generator in the long run, one can see that a generator cost more .
I will encourage each home to start working towards going solar.So the power of the sun can work for you.


(B.eng,H.S.E, )

And the law enforcement agencies will still allow this man to walk the streets of Nigeria with a shoulder raised high like a breast of a young lady.

Bath nnaji. A mentor I hope to meet someday

another promo... very soon , *are mine a Yahoo boy? remix by Iamwealth will hit the street

the game is on

keeping the Enemy closer...48 laws of power

Time will tell