We celebrate mediocrity in this country.

This robot coming from a secondary school...well it fair, at least it is a starting point to build innovative mindset, because some university graduate of electrical doesnt even know what a stepper motor or servo motor is and cannot even write a single line of code.

On the other hand...we can do better than this by trying to do what has not been done before. I see people saying that the government should support some random boy that just build a toy car... comeon... technology is much more than that.

The government can try to build a technical school, research center and tech factory to aid anyone that wants to develop real idea and innovation that will be patented and exported to other countries.

APC game is that, if LP says BAT should not be sworn in on may 29th, then Alex otti too should not be sworn in. That is why they got kangaroo judgement....but they have failed.

tydi:
He should be arrested not congratulated

obidients make una no worry... na hin son Sanwo-olu go pay.

We need another party in Lagos to put Tinubu in check.

If Sanwo-olu looses Lagos to LP, we have reduced tinubu power by 50%... (go an verify) then we takeover by2027 (if Supreme court get compromised too).

tinubu should open the 50Million youth police and army recuitment portal .
At least if he can solve security, employment issue, he would have fulfilled 50% of his promise

It might be too late to impeach buhar! But not too late to reject the one that brought him into power and want to continue where he stops.

Jazzman01:


Bro, between 5mm led and 10mm led, which will you recommend for a better display?

I want to create one too but a static display (not scrolling).

Bro... It depends on your design application, if its indoor or outdoor. Then depends on the size.

If its indoor a small pitch like 5mm or less will be ok

Thuraya satphone, iridium or any other satphone can provide internet connectivity anywhere in the world, both land and sea just like dstv can work anywhere in the world. So i see no reason why election results cannot be transmitted electronically.

mtimisola:
This is a great thread that should be updated with experiences and current situation report. I am currently experiencing such fear and people are discouraging me from connecting my 3.5 Volts Generator to my 5KVA Stabiliser.

No fear... Its ok for you to connect a 5kva stab to a 3.5 kva gen, only do not load your gen above 3kw. This is because the stabilizer has losses, so it would on its own use about 500w(could be much lesser this is worst cas scenerio).

2Ways:
Savotech please I have a a question bothering me!


why is it that a small petrol generator set produces 220-240V same with a larger diesel engine, but it cannot Carry loads like the diesel engine?

Sorry for late reply,

The reason is that not only the voltage determines the power but also the current it can deliver.
Small gen of 1000W can give about 4.5 amps
Big gen of 20000W or 20kw gives about 80amp

Electric cooker is about 2000w which draws about 9amps....
It needs 9amps, small gen can only supply 4.5a while big gen after supplying it 9amps still has 71amps for other load.

Or you can look at it this way.... A 10w led bulb uses the same 220v a pressing iron of 1000w uses. But the bulb can be powered convinienty even by a portable car inverter while the bulb cannot be powered by same. Reason being that the iron draws a lot of amps to produce 1000w of heat while the bulb draws lower amps to produce 10w of light. So that is the reason why a small gen cannot power heavy load.

Concerning your servo stabilizer, the efficiency will determine. Like u said, u need a meter to check the no-load power consumption. A 75% efficiency, a 2.2kva gen should power your house with the 5kva stab.

domack99:
Interesting, can't believe am just seeing this in 2019.

Presently in te same situation i intend to buy a SERVO stabilizer, like 5KVA to power my entire house. I don't to do unnecessary manupalation of the wiring system because of the way my rented aparted wiring is configured. It makes the installation easier if the stabilizer will not have any effect on my petrom generator (2.kKVA and 1.2KVA)

will need to get a meter to know how much load the Servo stabilizer will be drawing itself.


@Savotech, i think i will need to contact you personnally, have a project on greenhouse automation, maybe you can help.

Sorry for late reply, I have been so busy...
You can contact me via email on savotechng@gmail.com

tunasha:
Am tunasha,welcome to my tutorial.I will be teaching about how things work and how to implement them,from mechanics,aerodynamics,electronics, mechatronics,micro-controller programming,software programming,android apps developement,solar inverters,charge controllers,and so on.I will be inspiring, impacting knowledge to those who are seeking it to empower themselves.pls note certificate is not the real measure of the skills acquired..many students know more than their lecturers and most times keep quiet in class whenever a lecturer teaches nonsense to avoid creating a scene,so I want u to believe in yourself that you can do it,make it in life and also try to learn new thing everyday. An inverter is an electronic device that converts DC to AC at higher voltage at a particular frequency,usually 50Hz, for electrical appliances.There are different types of inverter _sqarewave,modified sinewave,pure sinewave,but this tutorial is based on pure sinewave using a micro controller and how to write a programme for the micro controller.these are the stages involved in this design,the mcu that generates the waveform,the h-bridge driver stage,h-bridge transistor ouput, step transformer,low pass filter,below is the picture of the finished pure sinewave inverter circuit I made using a pcb turning machine ,This tutorial continues ,I will be back,thanksThe quality of the output wave form (230 / 110 volt AC) from the inverter determines its efficiency. The quality of the inverter output wave form is expressed using Fourier analysis data to calculate the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). THD is the square root of the sum of the squares of the harmonic voltage divided by the fundamental voltage.
THD = √ V2 2 + V3 2 + V4 2…………. Vn 2 / V1
Based on the output waveforms, there are three types of Inverters. These are Sine wave, Modified Sine wave or Quasi sine wave and Square wave inverters.
Sine wave
Alternating current has continuously varying voltage, which swings from positive to negative. This has an advantage in power transmission over long distance. Power from the Grid is carefully regulated to get a pure sine wave and also the sine wave radiate the least amount of radio power during long distance transmission. But it is expensive to generate sine wave in an inverter. Its quality is excellent and almost all electrical and electronic appliances work well in sine wave inverter.

Sine Wave
The sine wave is the AC waveform we get from the domestic lines and from the generator. The major advantage of sine wave inverter is that all of the house hold appliances are designed to operate in sine wave AC. Another advantage is that the sine wave is a form of soft temporal rise voltage and it lacks harmonic oscillations which can cause unwanted counter forces on engines, interference on radio equipments and surge current on condensers.
Modified Sine wave or Quasi Sine wave
Modified sine wave is designed to simulate a sine wave since the generation of sine wave is expensive. This waveform consists of a Flat Plateau of positive voltage, dropping abruptly to zero for a short period, then dropping again to a flat plateau of negative voltage. It then go back to zero again and returning to positive. This short pause at zero volts gives more power to 50 Hz fundamental frequency of AC than the simple square wave.

Inverters providing modified sine wave can adequately power most house hold appliances. It is more economical but may present certain problems with appliances like microwave ovens, laser printers, digital clocks and some music systems. 99% of appliances run happily in modified sine wave. Instruments using SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) in the power supply section behave badly with modified sine wave. The SCR will consider the sharp corners of the sine wave as trashes and shut off the instrument. Many of the Laser printers behave like this and fail to work in inverters and UPS providing modified sine wave power. Most variable speed fans buzz when used in modified sine wave inverters.
Square wave
This is the simplest form of output wave available in the cheapest form of inverters. They can run simple appliances without problems but not much else.Square wave voltage can be easily generated using a simple oscillator. With the help of a transformer, the generated square wave voltage can be transformed into a value of 230 volt AC or higher.

Advantage of Pulse Width Modulation
In a standard Inverter without the PWM technology, the output voltage changes according to the power consumption of the load. The PWM technology corrects the output voltage> according to the value of the load by changing the Width of the switching frequency in the oscillator section. As a result of this, the AC voltage from the Inverter changes depending on the width of the switching pulse. To achieve this effect, the PWM Inverter has a PWM controller IC which takes a part of output through a feedback loop. The PWM controller in the Inverter will makes corrections in the pulse width of the switching pulse based on the feedback voltage. This will cancel the changes in the output voltage and the Inverter will give a steady output voltage irrespective of the load characteristics.
PWM Inverter Block Diagram

How it Works?
To design an Inverter, many power circuit topologies and voltage control methods are used. The most important aspect of the Inverter technology is the output waveform. To filter the waveform (Square wave, quasi sine wave or Sine wave) capacitors and inductors are used. Low pass filters, are used to reduce the harmonic components. Resonant filter can be used if the Inverter has a fixed output frequency. If the inverter has adjustable output frequency, the filter must be tuned to a level above the maximum fundamental frequency. Feedback rectifiers are used to bleed the peak inductive load current when the switch turns off.
As per the Fourier analysis, a square wave contains odd harmonics like third, fifth, seventh etc only if it is anti-symmetrical> about 180 degree point. If the waveform has steps of certain width and heights, the additional harmonics will be cancelled. If a Zero voltage step is introduced between the positive and negative parts of the square wave, the harmonics that are divisible by three can be eliminated. The width of the pulse should be 1/3 of the period for each positive and negative steps and 1/6 of the period for each of the Zero voltage steps. This leaves on the fifth, seventh, eleventh, thirteenth harmonics etc
.
The Pulse Width Modulation technology is meant for changing the characteristics of the square wave. The switching pulses are Modulating, and regulating before supplied to the load. When the Inverter requires no voltage control, fixed pulse width can be used.
Multiple Pulse Width Modulation (MPWM) Technology
In Multiple Pulse width technology, waveforms that contain a number of narrow pulses are used. The frequency of these narrow pulses is called Switching or Carrier frequency. The MPWM technology is used in Inverters driving variable frequency motor control systems. This allows wide range of output voltages and frequency adjustments. More over the MPWM technology overall improves the quality of the waveform.
PWM Inverter Characteristics
In order to increase the efficiency of the PWM inverter, the electronic circuit is highly sophisticated with battery charge sensor, AC mains sensor, Soft start facility, output control etc. The PWM controller circuit uses PWM IC KA 3225 or LM 494 .These ICs have internal circuits for the entire operation of the pulse width modulation. The Oscillator circuit to generate the switching frequency is also incorporated in the IC. Output driver section uses Transistors or Driver IC to drive the output according to the switching frequency. Output section uses an array of Switching MOSFETs to drive the primary of the stepping transformer. Output voltage is available in the secondary of the stepping transformer.

Bros Tunasha... I sight you.

I met you at oshodi at IK shop a some years ago when i was still a newbie in embedded systems, you showed me some of your works. You really inspired and challenged me. Keep up the good works. Twale baba.

I am an embedded systems programmer i.e I write programs for electronics hardware for domestic and industrial control systems. I gained interest in programming out of passion to solve problems that cant be solved using a discrete integrated circuit. Programming is used to add high level intelligence to hardware system.

Cacawa2:




The reason the centre I am setting up is called ROBOTICS and AI is that we are not just developing AI for the sake of the financial and marketing sector only. On the contrary, we are looking to deploy AI for Robotic systems, i.e. hardware systems to support infrastructure, agriculture and other needs. IOT is definitely a key component.

The workshop at the centre is specifically for Product Development.

.

Woow... Thats very good. Keep it on bro. These are the kind of things we need to boost our technology.

Unfortunately most gurus are after the financial aspect. If you tell the gurus to come together and build something, they will first ask you Whats in it for them to gain. I dont blame them either, because one have to put food on his table also. So, one of the solution is to sanitize our higher institution and have more practical curriculum. Our final year projects in school be a useful product and a solution to problems, not direct repitition of past project and something to be dumped in the school store.

Long time ago, I did a project for a final year student and to my surprise, the supervisor was so thrilled that he called me to do extra 10 pcs for him. I am not boosting but this is to challenge both the school system and the students out there on what is expected of them.

I work, learn and doing research myself also. I could help by answering questions on embedded systems both hardware and software in my little capacity.

Standing5:
I am curious. What are your products?

I design and construct based on the idea and specs of client.

One of many is a fingerprint based school attendance system. Another is an automatic school bell with voice system.

I design home and industrial automation subcircuits , I build power and energy meters remote display and control systems.

Anything that involves embedded systems and hardware programming.

I am not a web developer but I am an Embedded systems software and hardware developer, I write programs for microcontroller based school projects and I do Embedded systems product development for individuals, schools and companies. I shuffle between sapele and warri.

I have read most comments and only a few persons talked about building hardware. Are we going to talking about robotics and artificial intelligence without the hardware platform to run it? Is AI all about a PC, Apps or website alone? Nobody is talking about learning embedded systems that can house a small scale AI or robotic software to be used at home or wearable. Nobody is talking about IoT which makes u connect your home appliances to the internet and have a full control of it anywhere in d world. Nobody is talking about building a miniature wearable safety, security or health monitoring device Etc.

Its not only about machine learning or phython or Java etc. While all these are also important, i think we should start from the grassroot by creating our small computer-like device hardware using PIC, arduino etc, run our AI code on it, then later upgrade to a ready made platform like raspberry-pi then we can move further. AI and robotics is not neccessary a complex large software, it can be simple but intelligent device such as a line following robotic car or a weather monitoring device.

I think Nigerian technology is a joke, the reason is that, most IT or ICT company develop softwares that probably run on an existing operating system and hardware system. Many guys out there know how build apps and website that runs on an existing software or OS, many have not attempted building their own OS, even the apps they build has many built-in functions, methods, procedures and the likes. They wait for software updates before doing extraordinary things. I have never seen a company that develops AI software for an hardware they built. They end up importing all technologies and solutions and they say they are number one IT company in nigeria. People are CCNA, CCNP etc certified just to know how to connect hardware together and configure routers, nothing more.

Example is the Vehicle access control System at lekki, I stand to be corrected, All the equipments are built and programmed overseas, the installer just installed and configured. Even a simple traffic light system solution is imported. Will it be a bad thing if we can build all these hardware ourselves, develop softwares for them and configure.

We can learn from Steve Jobs of blessed memories who write software and also worked alongside with someone that builds hardware. Even though IBM has been making computers then, Jobs made his own personal computer which carries his own unique ideas. We can all see today that many similar devices cant match one made by Apple.

Guys, this is a challenge for us....lets not look at only the software aspect of robotics and AI, lets start building little hardwares too. We can start from somewhare.

hachan:
I can't say it better but it actually depends on what you want to achieve.
Having a good knowledge of assembly makes you a better C programmer.

I will agree with you If it were to be 10 years ago...

The advantages of assembly language u could talk about is having higher speed and saves ROM space.
And probably being able to explore all functions of the microcontroller that the C compliler have no support for.

Today, most microcontroller and C compiler have a good code optimisation and almost all functions are supported in updated version C compilers for PIC or Arduino. so even though using assembly have it own advantage, its disadvantages completely swallows up the advantage. Reason is:
1. If u need more speed, use microcontroller that supports higher speed and use your C language.
2. If u need more space, use microcontroller that has higher ROM and use your C language.

Technology is moving at fast rate and open source companies like Arduino and the rest have a C library for almost all modules and peripherals. Most companies that produce embedded systems modules and peripherals have a sample codes written in C.

Learning in assembly almost have no good compared to C or other high level language except the microcontroller you are using has no C compiler.

I salute your effort in wanting to enlighten people... I am just feeling like saying my mind too concerning it.

stanliwise:
You sound very knowledgeable and informed. Do you have any public portfolio ? just asking tho.

I am an electronics engineer, embedded systems hobbyist and a part time electronics project designer.

You can mail me on savotechng@gmail.com if u need my assistance.

hachan:
Assembly 6502 to be specific because it one of those made for humans and low-level enough.
You can learn for fun or just to know better,as it easy to learn with a little knowledge of hexadecimals.

Why learn assembly language when u can learn C or C++ that will make code development easy for you. Why use a 6502 microcontroller that is not common in this part of the world when u can use Atmega or Arduino, PIC, ARM and the likes That has much online support.

I stand to be corrected, Telling people that assembly language is easy to learn is not the whole truth. U need much knowledge of hexadecimal, and binary to be able to work with assembly language. Its C or C++ that needs little Knowledge of hex.

By God's grace I started my Embedeed systems career about 10 years ago, i learnt with assembly language for about 2 years, but when i switched to C, my life never remained the same till now. I now write codes of about 5,000 lines.... Now imagine if i am to write that in assembly language.

If you feel assembly language is better than high-level language like C, post your points here and let's argue it out.

StPete:
I used to have this erroneous view as well about stabilizers affecting generators and the experience became costly for me as the irregularity of my once former gen caused my TV a great damage. Now I was almost towing that part with my new Tv However, I now only use my big diesel gen to power my entire house while the small gen only at night to power strictly fans and lights.

Furthermore, I discovered that using Stabilizer does not in anyway directly affect the gen unless the load connected supersedes the capacity of the generator. But the only contrary view to this is the use of my UPS. I think UPS does directly affect small generators. UPS may trip off occasionally or irregularly draw power from the gen thereby making the gen go off or causing disruptions to its operation. These were all my observations

Well said.
The UPS you talked about, there is an automatic transfer switch inside which change over the load from battery back-up to direct input. If the load can be powered by the gen conviniently without the UPS, i see no theoretical reason why the load cant be powered by the UPS connected to the gen.

Nevertheless, there are some sensitive UPS that switch to back-up when the input power is not clean. Those ones could switch from bypass to backup from time to time causing a small gen without good regulator to behave abruptly.

henryadex:
All the responses above have not talked from the technical perspective, all these experiences do not hold water. somebody who studied elect elect should please give us insight

I like your view of the fact that we could be sharing false experience.

The summary of the technical perspective is this.
1. In a transformer Input power= output power + losses. So powering your stabilizer without any load is as good as not plugging anything yet, if we should neglet the losees. So if you plug only your phone, the stabilizer only draw a little power your phone needs. To verify that, take your ampsmeter and check your stab input current on noload and when on load. At no load, you will get almost 0Amps.

2. Resistive load like heaters different from inductive load like stabilizer. When you plug an inductive load In ac circuit, it generates a magnetic flux, if the magnetic flux has no where to go to be converted, it returns back to the coil that generates it and produce a back emf which is almost equal to one to be generated in the next AC cycle. Which makes the coil not to draw any current in the next cycle. Only when u plug a inductive load to a DC circuit it will turn the coil to a magnet and decipate heat as a resistive load.

3. if your gen can power your blender, fridge, fan etc, why not a transformer which is the major component of your stab. Since both are inductive load. So taking a stab as a device on it own can be powered by any gen. Even a 1kva gen van power a 5kva stab, provided u do not plug a load more than 1kva to the stab.

4. Your mikano 100kva gen is a generator just like your 1kva tiger gen. So the difference is just the power. even egbin thermal station or kanji dam Which is the source of our so called nepa light still use generator. Just that it uses a turbine as the prime mover.

And in conclusion. Experience is sometimes worth more than 1000 theories because those theories too are propounded by experiments.

I hope i made a little sense. If you still have more question, dont hesitate to ask.

Nawa o

dodoniyi:
Did Any Prophet See or Predict the Election Postponement?

I just wonder how our Nigerian prophets missed the prediction of the election


Which Prophet predicted this election Postponement?

Remember Daddy E.A Adeboye said last year that elections might not hold if intense prayer is not made for nigeria.

This is a sign... But for the mercy of God, all will be well with nigeria.

Take it or leave it. As a Christian single, you need a spiritually matured person to seek his/her consent first before your parent. That can be your pastor or an elder or a spiritually matured friend, but most preferably your pastor. By the way, if you attend a church that your pastor is not spiritually matured, you need another church.

My reason is that, your pastor can give you a candid advise without any emotions attached. Which parent will reject a millionaire fiance? Or which parent will reject a beautiful damsel that also seems to have good home training. But you know that a christian marriage is not based on these two things above.

The bible says, test all spirits. Your parent might not be spiritual enough to discern the kind of spirit in your proposed spouse. There are so many guys and ladies out there, they are lion pretending to be sheep but it takes the counsel of a spiritually matured person to discern them. If your pastor approves, then you go ahead to your parent.

Its baffles me that, when you see someone trying to kill you in your dream, you run to your pastor first to pray for you, when a guy to be your husband is coming to rule your life, you run to your parent.

Its high time we understand that marriage is a very spiritual thing. Bible compares relationship between man and wife to Jesus and church.

Joy to the wise

Keep on the good work bro.

For example, Armed rubber comes to a house to steal all the belongings of a man. The man has no food, no money and he is starving. Should the man steal even though he is dying of hunger? Many will say yes, but that doesnt make stealing right. Me too, i am forced to support the man stealing but i am also forced to support his jailing at least he will have much more food in prison, nobody is above the law of God and the law of the country.

A country where abortion is against the law, aborting the child can get the mother into jail even if she wants to protect herself of trauma, shame, etc. But looking at it from another perspective of killing for self-defence, if the young girl will not be able to deliver safely, then the baby has to be aborted.

Many are saying, that the girl might leave school or live with the rape trauma or not have funds to take care of the baby, its not a genue excuse, there are orphanage homes that deals with this kind of situation. Another point is that, if she abort and later in life not able to have a baby, she will also regret her action, the society will still shame her for barreness.

Like the first scenerio i cited, whatever happens to a man or woman, he has to bear the cross. He doesnt have to compromise obedience to the law of God and the law of the land to easy himself of his cross. Raping is her cross, even though she did not choose that path(nobody willingly choose a cross), she has to bear the consequence, God and nature has a way of smiling at such people for an easy life and journey afterwards.

In conclusion, I do not support abortion for any reason except the life of the mother is at stake.

In my own opinion, control and automation are alike and inseperable. Control engineering uses automation and Automation makes use of control, but automation is a more general field that deals with different fields electrical, electronics, computer, mechatronics, chemical engineering etc.

So i will advice you go for automation because its more broad than control. But all these degree is just a name. What matters is the practical knowledge which you will add to your degree by going for industrial automation training.

oyetpel:
I am a student, and with the 2018 world cup coming up, i don't want to miss any of the matches, and i want to watch them in my room.

How can i use my laptop as a TV, and also connect a decoder to it?

Its very simple using DC power but not with your laptop, because your laptop can only output videodata via vga or hdmi to a monitor or a projector but it cant accept input data from external source to serve as a monitor. I stand to be corrected.

The solution i discovered is to Buy a 17inch led TV for like 25k or there about. It uses 12vdc, your gotv too uses 12vdc. Buy a laptop powerbank that is capable of supplying 19vdc and12vdc from konga or jumia, then you will enjoy your tv programme for almost 19hrs with at least 5 hours of charging.

Thats exactly what i use and i have never regreted putting my money into it. It saves my fuel to a great extent. I also bought a 5watts12vdc led bulb to give light to my rooms and a 12vdc Rechargeable fan to blow me all night.

I am free from my generator noise and phcn's interruption of my lovely tv programs.

DC is the future of electricity in Nigeria.

Doctor makes a mistake, only one life will be lost... And yet he will say he has tried his best. No one can argue with him.

Engineer makes a mistake, tens or thousands of life will be lost and he will be sued for bad design or using substandard material.

Think deeply... Engineers should be respected more. This is truely an injustice.

Please send past questions to savotechng@gmail.com