₦airaland Forum

6. TELEPHONE OPERATORS
In the early days of the phone, people couldn’t simply dial a number and expect to be connected. Instead, they would first call their telephone operating center, where a telephone operator would manually operate a switchboard to route the call to the intended recipient. A particularly complicated call might require up to six operators furiously plugging switches into wall-sized switchboards.
The first call operators were young teenage boys . Telephone companies knew that working a switchboard was hard work and thought teenage boys would have the dexterity, energy, and reflexes needed. More importantly, they were cheap.
Unfortunately, there were some predictable problems with employing only teenagers. The boys soon developed a reputation for playing
practical jokes on callers , including ending their calls without warning and deliberately connecting two strangers together to enjoy the resulting confusion. They also had a tendency to swear at customers and were known for fighting and drinking alcohol while working.
The whole thing was such a disaster that Bell eventually fired all of its teenage male operators en masse, replacing them with young women, who were considered more genteel and equally cheap. Other telephone companies followed suit and men only became operators again after equal rights legislation was passed in the 1970s.

5. FOOTBALL REFEREES
Early soccer matches had no referee. Instead, the captains of the two teams were responsible for settling all disagreements on the field. As football became more competitive, each side would bring an umpire to the pitch. The two umpires ran around the field observing the game as it progressed, but did not interfere in disagreements except when asked by the players.
Since the umpires were on the payroll of the competing teams, they often got into lengthy disagreements, prompting the introduction of
a neutral referee appointed by both teams. The referee watched the game from the touchline and acted as the timekeeper. He did not interfere in the game, although he had the power to warn players and even send them off for repeated rough play. Instead, he was only consulted when the two umpires could not reach an agreement.
In 1891, the laws of the game were amended to give the referee the final say on the pitch, effectively creating the modern referee. The two umpires evolved into the linesmen or assistant referees. However, the referee would have to wait until the 1970 World Cup to get his familiar red and yellow cards, which were modeled on traffic lights and introduced to help avoid confusion over whether a player had been sent off or not.

4. BARBERS
Professional barbers date back at least to Ancient Egypt, where wealthy nobles kept personal barbers on staff. In Ancient Greece and Rome, the barbershop was known as a fountain of gossip and political debate. But things really got interesting in medieval Europe, where barbers started performing surgeries as well as cutting hair.
It all started in AD 1163, when the pope issued a degree banning members of the clergy from shedding blood. This was a problem for priests and monks, who often carried out bloodletting and other minor surgical procedures. Instead, they turned to barbers, who already carried razors and were stationed at many monasteries to keep the monks clean-shaven. Since medical doctors viewed bloodletting as beneath them, they were happy to let barbers take it over entirely, along with other unpleasant procedures like amputations and lancing abscesses.
Barber-surgeons became even more prominent due to the bubonic plague, which caused a
high mortality rate among trained medical doctors. In England, the barbers and surgeons were originally two separate guilds, but grew together until Henry VIII merged them in 1540. Ambroise Pare, considered the father of modern surgery, started out as a barber. It has even been suggested that the familiar red and white barber pole originally symbolized
bloody bandages . Of course, the emergence of modern medicine clashed with the idea of an informally trained barber-surgeon, causing barbers to be gradually forbidden from carrying out medical procedures during the 18th century.

3. NURSES

Today, men make up only about 6 percent of all nurses in the US. But the world’s first nursing school, established in Punjab around 250 BC, only accepted men, since women weren’t considered “pure” enough to become nurses. An early Christian group known as the Parabolani was comprised of men who acted as nurses to the sick and dying (although they also developed a nasty reputation for violently clashing with local non-Christians). In the Middle Ages, a number of religious male nursing orders emerged, including the Alexian Brotherhood, which still exists today.
Modern professional nursing is often traced back to Florence Nightingale , who believed that the sick would greatly benefit from gentle care based on scientific principles. She put her ideas into practice during the Crimean War, when she brought a group of female nurses to reorganize the military hospital at Scutari, slashing death rates and becoming famous around the world. Nightingale’s success revolutionized European healthcare and established nursing as a respectable profession for women. Meanwhile, the number of male nurses decreased. The US Army even banned male nurses entirely in the early 1900s and some nursing schools continued to reject male applicants until the early ’80s .

2. THE POLICE

Law enforcement has a long history, although the earliest policemen usually had to serve as garbagemen and firefighters as well. The world’s first organized police force operated in Egypt around 3000 BC, although they were mostly concerned with maintaining public order and collecting taxes. Egypt’s 42 provincial police chiefs bore an ominous title that translates to “chief of the hitters .” In Ancient Greece, the city-state of Athens had a group of magistrates called “The Eleven” who oversaw criminal justice. They were assisted by a team of 300 armed Scythian slaves charged with maintaining order in the city.
Other ancient cultures also drew their police force from slaves or the lower classes, meaning it was usually perceived as a degrading job. The Romans, somewhat typically, barely bothered with law enforcement at all, preferring to let citizens sort out their own problems via lawsuits in the civil courts. Augustus did create three “urban cohorts” of police, but they were more concerned with maintaining public order than stopping individual crimes. The tendency to view crime as a private issue rather than a problem for the government lasted into the Middle Ages, with rulers seldom attempting to establish any sort of police force.
In England, the Anglo-Saxon Frankpledge system required communities to band together to protect themselves and maintain the peace. If a crime was committed, all the men in the community were required to raise a “hue and cry” and pursue the criminal. Anyone who refused to join the pursuit would be considered a criminal himself. If there were no witnesses to the crime, the victims were basically on their own to investigate, since there was no permanent police organization. The Normans introduced the office of constable, charged with overseeing local watches and providing security, but essentially kept the “hue and cry” system where civilians were responsible for apprehending criminals.
England’s first salaried police force, the “Bow Street Runners,” was created by two London magistrates in 1750, but it took until 1812 for the government to establish the London Metropolitan Police Department, which served as the model for policing in the rest of the English-speaking world. In the US, Boston became the first city to establish a professional police force in 1838 , replacing a system of voluntary watchmen (who were mostly trying to avoid military service) and semi-professional constables.

Here are some top professions most people never knew their origin.

1. LAWYER
Legal systems are almost as old as human civilization, dating back beyond the famous
Code of Hammurabi in the 18th century BC. However, an actual legal profession didn’t emerge until much later. The sophists of Ancient Greece were a class of scholars who became arguably the first lawyers, but they were inhibited by laws requiring citizens to defend themselves in court. Eventually, citizens could ask someone to advocate on their behalf, but they were strictly prohibited from paying them for their services. Ancient Rome had similar restrictions, but Roman orators neatly circumvented them by quietly requesting “voluntary gifts” from their clients, creating perhaps the first class of paid lawyer . Recognizing this fact, the late Roman Empire abandoned the restrictions and established a system of fees for legal representation.
The Roman legal system survived Rome’s collapse thanks to the Catholic Church, which established its own system of canon law. Civil legal experts reemerged in the 12th century, when a center for the study of Roman law was established at Bologna. In England, the legal system was established by a special society known as the Inns of Court, which trained apprentices to argue the law before the royal courts. From there, a system of solicitors and barristers developed, which endures to this day. Unlike the rest of Europe, the English legal system largely came about via precedent rather than through government legislation. The US, which Alexis de Tocqueville described as dominated by lawyers in the 19th century, adopted a more codified system, including a written constitution.

SuperSupremo:
Lol


Ghana and Nigeria are like.....

what do u kno about th Nigerian police

gozzlin:
It's disheartening to see that the total opposite happens in Nigeria, yet it's the white man that brought Christianity to us. Now pastors and priests in Africa arrogate to themselves lordship over their congregation. They are man-gods worshipped by their followers.

Really disheartening what Christianity has turned into in Africa, especially Nigeria.

ESPECIALLY NIGERIA
HAVE U ATTENDED ANY CHURCH IN ANY OTHER AFRICAN COUNTRY? ESPECIALLY NIGERIA.

STOP MAKIN THIS COUNTRY LOOK WORSE ABEG

U jst can never please Nigerians enof..
moving with the wife could jst be an excuse not the real reason

OP, u try o jare

maxwell767:
This is why this country will never develop.... How can u put an advert for marketing of fresh fish for a graduate .... All in the name of employment... Nooo u for kuku say u need fish sellers, #eleja# #onye azu ndu# #Mai kifi#....

it is not a reason the country will never develop.. it is a job opportunity. take it or leave it, not by force. is it not better than washing toilets?

u think there ar no such jobs in th countries u would call developed?

Are these types of news still makin th rounds?
hw does his defection affect the pitiable situation of this country?
how does his defection relieve Nigerians of the suffering they are undergoing?


I think it's hightime we found a way to remove Buhari frm dat seat

Am beginning to wonder if Flavor has any shirts..

mayb we shld donate to him

Snakes ar th most beautiful creatures on this earth

FanYogo1:
It's about the failed government? Why won't the government fail when ND avengers keep blowing up pipelines? Use your common sense. This is a catch-22.

Ogbeni the economy was failing long before NDA came into the scene

Iranu



I'll sleep with Farano tonite if this makes fp

TANTUMERGO007:
Nigeria is finished

how do u mean?

alobright17:
no be me chop your school fees,so swerve

so wat sense do u think u ar makin

alobright17:
And?

Anyway I also condemned people like you that insults a sitting president,even my bible also condemned such.

abeg speak wetin pesin go understand

mysticgal:
Woah, of the greatest Nigerian students!!! Great
How are you?







Vote Mystically, vote mysticsense and vote mysticgal for miss nairaland 2016.

am fine.. nice to meet u here.
u ar really representing.

mysticgal:
Yes I am. Do you know me?



Vote Mystically, vote mysticsense, vote mysticgal for miss nairaland 2016

no I do not kno you.. only recognized th background in ur pic... I schooled there

mysticgal:
Things will get better, if you believe and work towards it. The keyword is BELIEVE

vote simplicity, sincerity and singularity. Vote Mysticgal for Miss Nairaland 2016

R u an Esutite?

The federal government and even th NLC don't even compel these Chinese, Lebanese and all the other Asian miscreants to adhere to these safety laws.

ireneony:
I'm more concerned about her tore underwear

Nigerians sha....this can never happen in the western world.

Why are we so backward, with the way we handle issues

Irene u supoz reasonable pass like this naa.. u no sabi say na Zambia not Nigeria.. try talk beta abt dis country abeg.. e bad for every part of th world O jare

annnikky:
U'll not blame her cos the kind hungry wey dey this 9ja now pass wait for me, no job, no food anyway so d woman got to play smart to get something she n d family will eat buh it's really a pity....sori madam for d gbese cos is one of those things in life!!! :'

mayb u shld re-read the post.. it happened in Zambia not Nigeria.

stop using ur mouth and thoughts to make this country seem badder than it is

kingphilip:
have u started writing for free

him dey charge money?

kingphilip:
no allow the head fall off o

super glue dey naa

but wetin this old woman wan do with baby food na

mccoy47:
56,000 gini? But NLC should be realistic na!

they believe in the typical Nigerian mentality that th FG is going to price.
so at th end they'll com up with somtin mayb not up to 50k but reasonable

mccoy47:
56,000 gini? But NLC should be realistic na!

they believe in the typical Nigerian mentality that th FG is going to price.
so at th end they'll com up with somtin mayb not up to 50k but reasonable

mccoy47:
56,000 gini? But NLC should be realistic na!

they believe in the typical Nigerian mentality that th FG is going to price.
so at th end they'll com up with somtin mayb not up to 50k but reasonable

erisegun:
smh :-/

I follow u shake head