chinese8107:
China made 120 mm PGM smart Mortar shells
range > 6km
milimeter wave rader guidence.pic 1

or laser guidence pic 2

Technically speaking, guiding a mortar shell is not necessary. Using millimeter wave radar is even more funny in terms of reliability.

Adminisher:


Technically speaking, guiding a mortar shell is not necessary. Using millimeter wave radar is even more funny in terms of reliability.

why do you think so ? I 've heard they sold many.
if the price n accuracy is acceptable.

US Uk Isreal made guided mortar. even GPS guided.

UK BAE developed milimeterwave guided mortar in 1980s to attack armed vehicles tanks ect.They were sold to many coutries.I never heard they lack of reliablity. maybe you are spectical about china made than UK made,but that's another topic.

GPS guided mortar cost less money.

off course you may use convetional mortar but you may fire many rounds to hit a target

in some cases, you are not allowed to fire many rounds.

However in many Counter Terrist & insurgent Operation in Africa,if enemy can be spotted 5-10 km away almost have no heavy equipment ,time and amunition allow you to fire many rounds just to cover an area no worry about accuracy therefore no need guided mortar.

Adminisher:


Technically speaking, guiding a mortar shell is not necessary. Using millimeter wave radar is even more funny in terms of reliability.

Necessarily.

source and credit and copyright : QUWA


Could Aselsan provide EW/ECM gear for the JF-17?



The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has not been coy about keeping the JF-17 Thunder’s electronic warfare (EW) and electronic countermeasures (ECM) options open, especially from the perspective of building out the JF-17’s exportability. A few years ago, Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) tested an EW suite controller acquired from the Spanish firm Indra, and some believe that the JF-17 Block-II uses an Indra ECM suite.

The freedom to integrate its choice of weapons and subsystems onto the platform confers the PAF with advantages that are not available with the F-16. These advantages include quicker iterative upgrades, an assured modernization roadmap, and the ability to explore and exercise the full gamut of possible options.

One such option could be Aselsan, Turkey’s leading producer of military-grade electronics equipment. Through a combination of local licensed manufacturing and original research and development (R&), Aselsan became leading electronics vendor for the Turkish military, especially over the past 10 years. In fact, the next several years will likely be a “break-out” period of sorts for Aselsan as it begins to channel the results of its own R& efforts into marketable high-quality solutions.

Aselsan has no shortage of programs, but the focus of this article will be on the company’s EW and ECM technology. While the company’s efforts originally centered on producing the BAE Systems’ AN/ALQ-178 SPEWS (short for Self Protection Electronic Warfare System) for the Turkish Air Force’s F-16s, the company succeeded in developing its own complete EW and ECM solutions. For example, Aselsan produces its own radar warning receiver (RWR), missile warning system (MWS), laser warning system (LWS), chaff and flare management and dispensing system, and digital radio frequency memory (DRFM)-based jamming system.

For those of you not familiar with EW/ECM. The systems noted above basically enable fighter aircraft (and other aircraft types) to protect themselves against airborne threats, such as enemy radar detection and air-to-air (as well as surface-to-air) missiles. RWRs alert fighters to possible enemy radar activity, chaff and flare systems can be used to thwart infrared and radar-guided missiles, and DRFM-jamming can be used to reduce enemy radar effectiveness (and potentially even thwart radar-guided missiles). For higher output jamming, dedicated EW pods are also available.

Aselsan is marketing its subsystems as an integrated ECM solution – the ‘Helicopter Electronic Warfare System’ (HEWS). The specific reference to helicopters notwithstanding, Aselsan is actually pushing the HEWS as an ECM suite for fixed-wing aircraft as well. Given that Aselsan is also developing an active electronically-scanned array (AESA) radar and dedicated EW pod for the Turkish Air Force’s F-16s, it is likely that the HEWS will serve as the foundation for a new ECM kit as well (destined for Turkey’s F-16s).

Looking at Aselsan’s messaging, it is evident that a very high level of competency was invested into developing the HEWS’ subsystems. For example, Aselsan claims that the HEWS’ DRFM-based jammer uses “transmitters with active electronically-scanned phased array antenna (AESA) architecture.” This enables the system to provide “RF spectrum coverage with the most advanced countermeasure techniques.”

The Aselsan HEWS or a variation of it could be a viable ECM suite for use on the JF-17. Granted, the PAF’s fiscal constraints may limited the extent to which it could draw upon Aselsan’s expertise, but then again, the situation may not be as dire if fighter funding were fully concentrated behind the JF-17. With the Aselsan HEWS, the JF-17 could potentially have a self-protection suite comparable to the AN/ALQ-211(v9) used on the PAF’s F-16A/B Mid-Life Update (MLU), for example.

If the PAF is already using a comparable suite provided by Indra (e.g. ALQ-500) on the JF-17 Block-II, then it is unlikely it would need the Aselsan HEWS for itself. However, if Indra is not a factor, then the HEWS could be a viable option for the PAF. The PAF will have to be careful with its limited funds, there is nothing wrong with staging a significant ECM upgrade with the Block-III.

In any case, imagine the idea of having 50 (or potentially 100-150) JF-17s equipped to this level – i.e. a large number of comparatively low-cost aircraft equipped with the same radar, EW/ECM, and weapon-systems technology found on much more expensive alternatives. Sure, a single JF-17 equipped to these specifications is not going to be superior to an individual Rafale or Su-35, but a large number of them (each with an AESA radar and DRFM-based EW/ECM suite) data-linked to one another and an airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft will offer a credible defensive deterrent.

In terms of export, the HEWS could be a way to enhance the exportability of the JF-17 before the introduction of the JF-17 Block-III. Subsystems such as helmet-mounted display and sight (HMD/S) and high off-boresight (HOBS) air-to-air missiles (AAM) are already available on the market. PAC could get these systems integrated onto the JF-17 Block-II, and in turn, offer it as a solution to prospective buyers, especially buyers that are likely keen on achieving strong qualitative enhancements with their big-ticket acquisitions, such as Morocco. It is not uncommon to see an export variant of a fighter be superior to the variant used domestically, it is after all much easier to iterate upon a prototype than it is with a fully operational (and busy) fleet. Just take the United Arab Emirates and the F-16E/F Block-60 as an example.

In the end, it is worth remembering that Aselsan is just an option, and there are other options; but this is the beauty of the JF-17, we can discuss options. There was news a while back of the PAF expressing its interest in the Thales Damocles targeting pod, and given the headway India is apparently making in terms of buying Rafales from Dassault, that pod is probably not going to be a reality for the PAF. But who cares? The PAF can keep exploring its options, such as the Aselsan ASELPOD, or a new Chinese targeting pod, and so on. At least the PAF does not have to sit idle and wait for the U.S. to release or approve a national need.

source and credit and copyright : QUWA



The JF-17 II: Introducing BVR & Precision Strike

By Bilal Khan

In my previous piece I took a high level look at the JF-17 program, and in broad strokes I identified the improvements it brought (and will continue) to bring to the Pakistan Air Force (PAF). With this article, I am going to begin taking a deeper look at numerous aspects of the JF-17 program, e.g. the operational enhancements it offers to the PAF, its known and possible upgrade paths, and its place in the wider combat aircraft market. In this article, I am going to study the operational enhancements, specifically in terms of logistical and maintenance streamlining and boosting the PAF’s overall combat capabilities.

For some context, it would be a good idea to recall exactly what the PAF was flying prior to the induction of the JF-17 Block-I. Through the 1990s and most of the 2000s, the backbone of the PAF’s fleet was composed of the Chengdu F-7P/PG Skybolt and Dassault Mirage III & 5. In addition, the PAF also operated the A-5 (a ground-attack focused variant of the Shenyang F-6) and F-16A/B Block-15, the latter split between two squadrons (down from the original three when the fighter was originally inducted).

To help ease the shortfalls experienced as a result of the Pressler Amendment, the PAF also inducted surplus Mirage III & 5 aircraft from Australia, Spain, Lebanon and Libya, and subsequently upgraded many of the airframes under the Retrofit Strike Element (ROSE) program. It is worth noting that the ROSE program was, at least on its own terms, a good upgrade as it allowed the PAF to equip its Mirage IIIs with a suite of modern radars, avionics and ECM/EW equipment. In addition, it imbued the Mirage with the capability to use beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles (BVRAAM) and precision-guided munitions (PGM), though it is unclear if the PAF ever actually inducted BVRAAMs for the Mirage (ambiguous media reports notwithstanding). However, it did integrate its Mirages with the H-2 and H-4 series of precision-guided glide bombs (likely based on the Denel Raptor-I and II).

But the lack of new F-16s (or a modern fighter in lieu of it) was being felt, especially in the context of the Indian Air Force’s modernization programs (centering on the Su-30MKI). Simply replacing the F-7s and Mirages was not going to be enough for the PAF, it needed something that not only offered a substantive improvement, but gave it something that was in line with the expectations of the day. The sense one gets from the 1990s and 2000s is that most of the PAF’s fighters did not and – for the most part – could not utilize the latest in combat technology. Even the Mirages, which could be equipped with some level of BVR and precision-guided strike capability, had a limit in terms of longevity. I would consider the Grifo-M on the Mirage ROSE in the upper limits of what that fighter could house, but the JF-17 Block-I – with its KLJ-7 – is ahead, yet it is still in its infancy compared to the Mirage.

Put simply, whenever sanctions hit, PAF had to depend on fighters that were a generation behind the ‘current.’ In the aftermath of the 1965 War the PAF had to source F-6s from China, but like the rest of its contemporaries, I am sure it would have preferred grabbing the Northrop F-5 Tiger II. And then when it was supposed to have been receiving F-16s, it was stuck increasing its dependence on F-7s and Mirage IIIs and 5s. The JF-17 Block-I is a different story. It is a contemporary of the fighters currently in service all over the world as well as most of the fighters being inducted in the near future. Yes, it is not a high-performance platform like the Dassault Rafale, but it is a platform capable of using most (if not potentially all) of the very same munitions and subsystems found on those high-performance systems. The only real bottleneck would be Pakistan’s financial capacities (which we can credit and blame the political leadership of the country, civilian and military alike).

The JF-17 Block-I uses the KLJ-7 mechanically-steered pulse-Doppler radar (developed by the Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Technology or NRIET), and it can track targets from 75km (at 3m2 RCS – i.e. radar cross-section, an object’s detectability on radar) to 85km (at 5m2 RCS). The KLJ-7 can track up to 10 targets at beyond visual range, and simultaneously engage two with active-radar air-to-air missiles, such as the SD-10. Specific details about the JF-17 Block-I’s electronic warfare (EW) and electronic countermeasures (ECM) suite are difficult to come by, but it is similar in concept to the systems used on modern Western aircraft, such as the F-16C/D Block-52+ currently in PAF service. For example, it has an EW suite housed in the tailfin to interfere with enemy radars. There is also a Missile Approach Warning (MAW) system and Radar Warning Receiver (RWR). In addition, the JF-17 can also use modern EW jamming pods such as the KG-300G and newer KG-600 (apparently used on PLAAF Su-30s).

Granted, the JF-17 is not equal or superior to the Block-52+, but it was not meant to be (for now at least). What it was intended for was to serve as a fully effective backbone fighter. In other words, it was designed to assume the same duties as the Block-52+, and as a result, enable the PAF to take on every one of its operational tasks and responsibilities without being bottlenecked by a deficiency in able aircraft. This fact is plainly apparent in the munitions the JF-17 currently uses; they are similar (and comparable) to their respective American equivalents used on the PAF’s Block-52+.

The current weapons inventory of the JF-17 is composed of the SD-10 BVRAAM, PL-5EII WVRAAM, C-802A anti-ship missile (AShM), the LT-2, and the LS line of PGBs. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the PAF ordered each of the aforementioned systems from China, and in large numbers (see chart below). It has also begun taking delivery of each munition.

The SD-10 is an active radar-guided BVRAAM with an approximate range of at least 70km. It functions in a similar manner to the AIM-120C5 (in use with the PAF’s F-16 Block-52+ and MLUs). The SD-10 is equipped with an active radar-guidance seeker as well as data-link supported inertial guidance system. The latter enables the SD-10 to be deployed mid-way to its prospective target, and in a later stage (i.e. the terminal or final stage) the active radar-guidance seeker can kick in to engage the target. Specific performance parameters are difficult to come by, but some have been willing to compare it to the AIM-120, such as Australian defence analyst Dr. Carlo Kopp. All that said, I would not rule out seeing improved iterations of it down the line (akin to the AIM-120), especially if the margin of improvement is significant.

The PL-5EII is the JF-17’s core within visual range air-to-air missile. Although derived from an older platform, the PL-5EII is rated by its chief vendor the China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC) as “an improved 3rd generation short-range IR air-to-air missile, which features good anti-jamming capability and all-aspect attack capability.” Dr. Carlo Kopp put the PL-5EII in the same general category as the AIM-9M (which is also used by the PAF’s Block-52+ and MLU F-16s), and that is a fairly good category to be in, though one might prefer a 4th generation WVRAAM. And while there is a report out there suggesting that the PAF was at one interested in the Brazilian MAA-1B Piranha 2, that missile is still under development. Like the SD-10 in BVR, it seems that the PL-5EII is giving the PAF credible short-range air-to-air combat capabilities.

The JF-17’s air-to-surface would probably be a bit more surprising. While it was broadly understood JF-17-program was intended to strengthen the PAF’s general air defence threshold, it was not clear to what extent the fighter’s air-to-surface capabilities would be realized. At present, the JF-17’s air-to-surface weapons inventory consists of the LT-2, LS-3, LS-6, C-802A and CM-400AKG.

The LT-2 is a laser-guided bomb kit designed for standard general purpose bombs (GPB). It is basically used to equip a GPB (such as potentially the Mk.82) with a laser-based guidance kit. Unlike satellite-aided PGBs, laser guided bombs (LGBs) can be used on a standalone basis, i.e. without the support of a satellite-network. The effectiveness of LGBs can suffer however from poor weather conditions.

The LS-3 and LS-6 are satellite-based PGB kits for 250kg and 500kg GPBs, respectively, and are similar to the Boeing Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) kit for Mk-82 and Mk-83 GPBs. Like the JDAM, the LS-3/6 is meant to augment an existing GPB with a guidance-system and glide-system, enabling the bomb to not only be more precise, but exhibit more range. In fact, the more apt comparison for the LS-3/6 would be the JDAM-ER (short for ‘Extended Range’), a stand-off munition.

It is worth noting Pakistan also has its own PGB programs, e.g. the H2 and H4 line of precision-guided glide-bombs (likely based on the Denel Raptor-I and II) used on the Mirage ROSE. In addition, Pakistani vendors such as Global Industrial & Defence Solutions (GIDS) have also developed satellite-guided PGB kits. The GIDS Takbir is one such system, and like the U.S Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) it seeks to emulate, it can be paired with the 250kg Mk-82 (and potentially 500kg Mk-83 and 1000kg Mk-84) series of GPBs, which the Pakistani company Air Weapons Complex produces.

The C-802A and CM-400AKG are anti-ship missiles (AShM). Both are, at heart, stand-off weapons in that they possess engagement ranges of 250-300km (assuming the variants Pakistan has are under the Missile Technology Control Regime limit of 300km). The C-802A is in line with emulating the Harpoon and Exocet-series of AShM, but the CM-400AKG is marketed as a hypersonic (Mach 4) missile designed to engage large ships such as aircraft carriers.

At this stage the JF-17 is serving the PAF as a proper multi-role fighter. It is equipped to adeptly support the PAF’s air defence responsibilities and, as it steadily assumes its post as backbone fighter, it will greatly improve the PAF’s attack and strike capabilities. It is evident from the above that the JF-17 is capable of taking on the very same roles as the Block-52+, and while it is not a superior platform, it is a modern and effective system the PAF can bank on in even the worst of times (i.e. sanctions).

But with all that said, I feel there are aspects to the JF-17’s induction that are not given their due. Yes, it is going diffusing strong air-to-air and air-to-surface capabilities across the whole fleet, but its transformative effects are going to run deeper.

Consider the fact that the JF-17 is replacing three separate platforms: The F-7P, Mirage III/5, and A-5. In supplanting those legacy fighter aircraft, the JF-17 is enabling the PAF to collapse three different logistical and maintenance channels into one single stream. In addition to streamlining costs in training, parts sourcing, etc, this change will allow the PAF to swiftly allocate JF-17s between each and every one of its air bases without having to worry about the receiving crew’s capacity to maintain and operate the aircraft (since the JF-17 is the sole backbone, most maintenance and flight personnel will be intimately familiar with it). In times of war the PAF can readily respond to dynamically shifting conditions, e.g. should Southern Command require more anti-ship capable fighters, available units from the North could be sent, and the South can adapt to using them immediately. These ‘little’ things can add up in times of war.

The third aspect (in addition to being able to carry advanced weapons and ease the PAF’s logistical priorities) is the network-centric nature of the JF-17. To be fair this shift is not tied to exclusively to the JF-17, but is part of a wider shift in the PAF to tightly connect its key assets. By connecting land and air-based surveillance and communication network (involving radars, airborne early warning & control aircraft or AEW&C, fighter aircraft, and possibly even unmanned aerial vehicles) with a dependable high-bandwidth tactical data-link system, multiple PAF assets can share near real-time information with one another. For example, a surveillance UAV may pick up some unexpected movement in an area and it may relay that information to an AEW&C, ground personnel, or even fighter aircraft such as the JF-17.

The JF-17 is not a static program, it will continue to evolve and incorporate new technology and improved weapon systems. It will also get better at fulfilling each of its operational roles. I look forward to exploring each of these specific aspects in future articles, but I hope the above serves as a good primer as to how much of a significant improvement the JF-17 is for the PAF.

source and credit and copyright : QUWA


The Indian Air Force (IAF) finally inducted its first batch of Tejas multi-role fighters last week. Produced by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the Tejas was under development for about 30 years, and it is the second homegrown fighter in the IAF’s history, the first being the HF-21 Marut. The Tejas is envisaged to replace the IAF’s legacy MiG-21bis fighters.

There is not much to add except the fact that the Tejas is a potent and fully capable lightweight fighter. In fact, it even got a bit of intriguing fanfare from Dawn News (a leading Pakistani newspaper), which stated that the HAL Tejas was “considered superior to counterparts like the JF-17.”

Sadly, Dawn did not add much to qualify the statement, which has fed into a lot of noise and one-sided chiding from South Asian enthusiasts. The following is not a conventional comparison, nor is there a conclusion of which one is better. Rather, Quwa’s position that is that the two platforms are broadly comparable, but excel over one another in context, i.e. specific areas.

The Tejas is already equipped with a helmet mounted display and sight (HMD/S) system in the form of the Elbit DASH. In fact, a fair assessment would also recognize that the Tejas’ radar, the Elbit EL/M-2032, is a credible and widely appreciated system. India also spent more time on airframe development, hence the reason why the Tejas entered service at a time when the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) is fielding three full JF-17 squadrons. In exchange for its development time, the Tejas enters the field with a fully digital fly-by-wire (FBW) flight system, a heavy use of composite materials, and a credible turbofan engine (i.e. GE404).

Today, the Tejas is the better equipped fighter. However, this does not mean that is the decisively superior platform. To suggest as much would be to claim that the PAF has capped all development of the JF-17, and as such, has no plans to configure the JF-17 with subsystems that are comparable to those on current and future Tejas variants. Moreover, the better unit does not mean its rival is not comparable, which is a far more important metric considering nothing remains static over the course of time.

The JF-17’s development was driven by necessity, but it was also encumbered by Pakistan’s problems. In terms of the former, the JF-17 was designed from the onset as a platform that would mainstream beyond visual range (BVR) air-to-air capability across the backbone of the PAF fighter fleet. It has achieved that objective thanks to the SD-10/A active radar-guided BVRAAM. Unfortunately, Pakistan’s problems – i.e. the economic mess thrown up by corruption and neglect – meant the JF-17 could not enter service with the ideal set of subsystems. For example, the JF-17 does not have a HMD/S system (but it will in the future).

Astute readers (especially those familiar with the JF-17) will notice that while the Tejas – inducted in 2016 – is fully equipped, the JF-17 – inducted in 2011 – is being improved via relatively frequent iterative cycles. In other words, the PAF is gradually adding modern subsystems – such as HMD/S – whilst also enabling the fighter to accrue real-world usage and experience (which will also feed back into the iterative cycle). It is also enabling an increasing number of PAF pilots and personnel operate within a modern air warfare environment, i.e. one built upon multi-role fighters, airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft, tactical data-link, etc. Lessons in these areas will feed into further development as well.

The advantages found in Tejas today – e.g. composite materials, HMD/S and others – will make it to the JF-17 Block-III, which will also incorporate systems found on planned Tejas versions, e.g. an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar. Infrared search and track (IRST) and improved turbofan engines (e.g. RD-33MK) are also being considered. As long as it remains in production, there will always be more advanced JF-17 blocks, each incorporating the current system of its day.

Of course, it is not all promise with the JF-17. The Thunder does possess a few advantages as well, and these – ironically perhaps – are borne from the very problems that encumbered its development. Difficulties in finding funds and overseas vendors shaped the JF-17 into an affordable and accessible modern day fighter. If Pakistan can acquire the modern platform alongside its weapons and subsystems, then chances are, so can almost any other air force using fighter aircraft. Should Pakistan succeed in making HMD/S, 5th-gen within visual range air-to-air missiles (WVRAAM), modern EW/ECM suites, and AESA radars accessible for itself, then it will have made them accessible for many other air forces as well.

The implication of this for some countries, such as Nigeria and potentially others, could be immense. Just consider Nigeria, which is one of Sub Saharan Africa’s top economies. That country does not have many foreign vendors willing to sell it sensitive equipment, and its funding constraints limit its ability to readily pursue the few existing avenues. However, with the JF-17 – which it is poised to begin inducting soon – the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) will possess a platform that is equipped with the same kind of air-to-air and air-to-surface weaponry found on any other current generation platform.

Furthermore, the NAF can ride upon the JF-17’s developmental work for the PAF, which would mean incorporating additional subsystems – such as HMD/S and a 5th-gen WVRAAM – without being beset with separate integration and expensive long-term support costs. With the exception of South Africa, Botswana and possibly other JF-17 users, no other country in Sub Saharan Africa would have a platform that has a development roadmap that is uniquely suited for countries with political and economic constraints.

Despite this, one might take a jab at the notion that the JF-17 would do best in certain environments, such as Sub Saharan Africa. Fair enough, but it does not change the reality that the JF-17 platform is meant to compete with the Tejas (and others), yet it has been developed without the luxury of free-flowing technology access or strong funding mechanisms. Yes, India is to be commended for having such capacities, but unlike a fighter plane, those traits are not easily transferrable to others. If the JF-17 is broadly comparable, but decisively more affordable and accessible, then it is a success. Whereas the Tejas would fare better in comparison to the JF-17 in the eyes of Bahrain or Jordan, the Tejas would have to compete against the likes of Saab and Korean Aerospace Industries (KAI) for those markets. The JF-17 on the other hand could present a compelling case for Nigeria, Namibia, Zambia, Azerbaijan, etc.

A lesson in the above is that it is easy to move goalposts as a means to determine ‘success’ or ‘superiority.’ In some respects, such as viability for countries clearly aligned with the U.S. or new/prospective NATO powers, the Tejas is the better option. Others, such as those looking for a modern multi-role system with minimal risk of third party regulatory hurdles (over avionics or engine), or a tighter budget, will prefer the JF-17. Simplistic comparisons do little to advance discussion and generate valuable knowledge, but nuanced case studies on specific areas could be helpful to determine the viability of one platform over another, albeit within specific cases.

source and credit and copyright : QUWA


The JF-17 III: Major Changes Ahead on JF-17 Block-3

By Bilal Khan

Previous articles on Quwa discussed why the JF-17 is a significant advancement for the Pakistan Air Force (PAF). Not only is the JF-17 an effective multi-role platform that is poised to form the backbone of the PAF fighter fleet, but it is immune to sanctions, and it is a program that Pakistan ‘owns’ in terms of being able to freely decide on how to equip and develop it. With this article, it would be a good idea to have a clearer understanding of exactly what the PAF has in store for the JF-17 in the coming years in terms of its upgrade and development path. By the end of this piece, there should be little doubt in the seriousness of the PAF in as far as its commitment to the JF-17 is concerned.

The first upgrade to the JF-17 is at this time coming through the Block-2. The first JF-17 Block-2 made its maiden flight in February 2015, and it is the current production type rolling out of Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) Kamra. The Block-2 is at heart an iterative update, so it would not be right to assume that it includes significant improvements or changes over the Block-1 currently in service.

Arguably, the most significant change in the Block-2 is the incorporation of an air-to-air refuelling (AAR) probe, and this will enable the JF-17 to refuel in-flight with the support of the PAF’s IL-78 tankers. The Block-2 also incorporates improvements in the JF-17’s avionics and electronic suites, but there are no specific details. There are rumours about a KLJ-7V2 pulse-Doppler radar with increased range, but this has not been confirmed by the PAF or PAC. If one were to simply refer to this piece by Jane’s, it would seem that the Block-2’s goal is to increase the JF-17’s flight-time (via in-flight refuelling and improved oxygen systems) and mission usefulness (in-flight refuelling can free up hard-points that would otherwise be used for external fuel-tanks). The 51st to 100th JF-17s will be Block-2.

The first major jump is in reality the JF-17 Block-3, which is currently in development. There are no known airframe updates or changes in the Block-3, but in terms of electronics, it is essentially confirmed that the JF-17 Block-3 will house an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, Helmet Mounted Display and Sight (HMD/S) system, and possibly an additional hard-point suitable for specialized targeting and tracking pods. This article will breakdown each of these aspects, but if taken together (alongside a suitably upgraded avionics and ECM/EW suite), the Block-3 is positioned to be a significant upgrade.

Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) Radar

The integration of an AESA radar is perhaps the most important development in the JF-17’s upgrade path. AESA radars are complex and expensive systems, but they are a standard feature of 4.5 generation fighters such as the Dassault Rafale and Eurofighter Typhoon. In a battlefield environment that is increasingly ridden with electronic warfare, AESA radars can help fighter aircraft resist enemy jamming, thus helping said fighters successfully engage their targets.

An AESA radar is equipped with many small solid-state transmit/receive modules (TRM), and each TRM is capable of emitting its own radio wave. There are many advantages borne out of this arrangement.

The first is “low probability of intercept.” For example, an older radar would typically send out a single signal per pulse, and that signal will be received by the target’s receiver. Over time, that receiver will recognize that the specific signal that “stands out” of the environment (or background noise) is an enemy’s radar, and thus, the aircraft using its radar will have its presence exposed. An AESA radar on the other hand is much more difficult for radar warning receivers (RWR) to interpret as that radar is not just one unit sending one signal, but many small TRMs sending different signals. In general, RWRs would have difficulty pinpointing a peculiar signal (or limited set of signals) from the background noise, thus giving the AESA-equipped aircraft a “low probability of intercept.” In general terms, the AESA- equipped fighter is more difficult to detect.

The second advantage is higher resistance to jamming (from an adversary’s electronic warfare suites). Older radars cannot as easily change their frequencies, and as a result, a jamming system would have a higher chance of registering that specific frequency and sending out that very same one to confuse the pulsing aircraft. Modern radars could change their frequencies with every successive pulse, but an AESA radar could go a step further by emitting different frequencies within a single pulse. Here, jamming would become much more difficult as there is no single frequency to expose from the background noise. Given that an AESA radar is composed of different TRMs transmitting discrete signals, groups of TRM can be allocated to take on specific tasks, e.g. one can engage in targeting, the other in counter-jamming.

If the JF-17 were equipped an AESA radar, its ability to withstand enemy jamming as well as close in on enemy targets with a low probability of intercept would make it a much more effective system. That said, it is important to note that while an AESA radar can offer these advantages, it is imperative that one not sacrifice tracking range and engagement capabilities. If the PAF wishes to see the JF-17 Block-3 substantially improve upon the Block-1 and Block-2, then it should ensure that its AESA radar substantially improves upon the KLJ-7’s range and ability to engage targets. In other words, the JF-17 Block-3’s AESA radar could very well be an expensive system, and that will likely serve as an impediment.

Speaking of impediments, there is also the question of sourcing. In an article meant for the 2015 Paris Air Show, Alan Warnes (a very credible PAF watcher) noted that a radar from the British-Italian firm Selex ES was in the running. On a DefenseNews piece, retired PAF Air Commodore Kaiser Tufail was quoted saying, “Given the Western concerns about transfer of sensitive technology, which could find its way further east, I think we may have had no other option but to buy Chinese.” This is an extremely important point. AESA technology is new and it is very sensitive, so the PAF can (and likely will) run into serious issues when it comes to Western suppliers (e.g. the latter might demand overbearing checks and guarantees, and possibly refuse to let Pakistan produce the radars locally). It is very likely that the PAF will ultimately eschew its Western options and go Chinese, especially if the latter enables the PAF to learn and understand AESA technology more deeply and bring this prized technology to local production.

Helmet Mounted Display & Sight (HMD/S)

The incorporation of HMD/S is also a very important step for the JF-17. An HMD/S is basically a visor equipped with optical and processing systems (in other words, a ‘smart display’). Current day HMD/S systems like the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing and Sight (JHMCS) system enable a fighter pilot to cue their air-to-air and air-to-surface weapon systems to the direction of where his or her head is pointing. Targets can be designated and engaged with minimal aircraft maneuvering, thereby increasing the efficiency (and thus lethality) of the fighter in combat.

Although slotted for the Block-3, it seems the PAF was at least toying with the idea of some kind of HMD on JF-17 for a few years. The proof for that is this screen-capture (below) taken from a PAF documentary from 2008 called “In Pursuit of Self Reliance.” Although the PAF could have tacked on a random image, there is a clear hint that this particular system (which has a startling resemblance to the Denel Archer from South Africa) may have been at least tested by the PAF. For one thing, the Gentex MBU-5/P oxygen mask that was – at least in 2008 – the standard issue mask for PAF fighter pilots (though that is gradually being supplanted with current MBU-20/23 masks). Moreover, this specific photo was only ever shown on the PAF documentary and nowhere else prior.


This image would suggest that the PAF was (and possibly still is) cooperating with numerous foreign vendors on the JF-17’s HMD/S system, especially if the Brazilian-South African A-Darter high-off-bore-sight (HOBS) within visual range air-to-air missile (WVRAAM) is in the running for use on JF-17. A HOBS WVRAAM can be paired with an HMD/S system to allow the pilot to utilize the system’s cueing advantages in dogfights with enemy fighter aircraft.

At this stage it is difficult to see exactly where the HMD/S system will come from, but there is a chance that this might be a solution that is heavily centric to the PAF’s specific needs. In other words, the HMD/S might in fact end up being an indigenously-sourced solution developed with external assistance, primarily Chinese with peripheral South African, European and possibly even Turkish support. The rationale for this argument is the reality that the JF-17’s HMD/S will need to be accessible to the full range of potentially compatible air-to-air and air-to-surface munitions in use by the PAF. An imported solution with limited access to the technology will limit the PAF from freely using the system, thus mitigating the actual need and advantage of the JF-17.

It is important to note that the PAF already uses an HMD/S system with its F-16s, the Boeing JHMCS. There is a good chance that the JHMCS is in fact influencing the PAF’s idea of a suitable HMD/S, and as a result, one might see the PAF’s solution adopt a few similar characteristics. For example, the JHMCS was designed to be adapted to a modified HGU-55/P helmet, the standard issue helmet in use by the U.S Air Force and many other air forces, including that of Pakistan’s. Modularity and flexibility are key advantages to have, and a possible solution might even mirror the Thales Visionix “Scorpion” Helmet Mounted Cueing System (HMCS). The Scorpion was developed to essentially fit onto the HGU-55/P helmet with an add-on mount, the mount could also be used to fit night-vision-goggles (NVG) in lieu of the HMD/S visor.

Additional Station for Specialized Targeting Pods

It is possible, though not clearly verified, that the JF-17 Block-3 would have an additional station or hard-point (likely under the fuselage, by the ‘chin’) to house special-purpose targeting pods.

One incredibly useful-kind of pod would be a system similar in form and function to the Lockheed Martin Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod. The Sniper (which is also used on the PAF’s F-16s) is a multi-purpose pod that allows for tracking, targeting and engagement irrespective of the time of day or the weather. The Sniper can be paired with a wide range of air-to-surface weapon systems, including laser-guided bombs (LGB) and TV-guided stand-off missiles such as the AGM-65 Maverick.

Although the JF-17 could house such a pod in one of its existing hard-points, if the pod were in fact light and deployable in a separate area, the JF-17 would be able to utilize all of its existing stations for actual munitions (and fuel-tanks, if aerial refuelling were not available or sufficient). An advanced targeting pod could greatly improve the JF-17’s capacity to undertake stand-alone (i.e. without satellite-aided guidance) precision-strikes using LGBs such as the LT-2 as well as TV-based stand-off glide-bombs such as the locally produced H2 and H4.

Possible Additions and Upgrades

One system that would be of use to the JF-17 is Infrared Search and Track (IRST). Ideally, the IRST system ought to be integrated into the nosecone of the fighter, but it is unclear if the PAF is actually going to take this route. IRST can be used to track enemy aircraft based on thermal signature using infrared, which allows for passive tracking (as opposed to the active tracking of a radar, which sends out pulses). In a scenario where enemy electronic warfare capabilities are of exceptional depth or where there is need to reduce the probability of intercept to the absolute minimum (below that of an even an AESA radar), an IRST-system can be used instead of radar. An IRST system can be paired with a 5th-generation HOBS WVRAAM, enabling the JF-17 to dogfight with minimal effects from enemy EW jamming.

Another area of discussion is the JF-17’s turbofan engine, the Russian RD-93 (a variant of the RD-33 used on the MiG-29). A higher thrust engine such as the in-development RD-93MA can help the JF-17 in achieving a better thrust-to-weight-ratio (TWR), enabling improved maneuverability, speed and payload. Again, it is unclear if an engine change is on the horizon for the JF-17 program, and if so, whether it would be incorporated as early as the Block-3. A new engine may be more likely on a later variant, especially if said variant exhibits a lighter airframe (as a result of a higher proportion of composite use).

Concluding Remarks

When taken collectively, the major changes coming with the JF-17 Block-3 will offer a significant leap for the PAF. It is important to remember that this upgrade will not be confined to a few planes, but in time it will be diffused across the rest of the PAF’s JF-17 fleet. The Block-3 will probably be the upgrade that defines the JF-17 more as a high-tech asset and a potent force-multiplier.

Ashok Leyland Ambulance 4×4 is powered by the H6 IL engine which is capable of generating max power of 167 hp. It is mated to a manual transmission with a two-speed transfer case. It has a top speed of 90 kmph.

Ashok Leyland Ambulance 4×4 has a kerb weight of 7,210 kg and a payload capacity of 1,000 kg. Seating capacity is at 6, including two berths for patients. Driver and co-driver in the front partition, doctor and nurse in the cabin with upper and lower berth for patients. There are special provisions inside the cabin to accommodate medical equipment, medicines, etc.

With a ground clearance of 250 mm, the Ashok Leyland Ambulance 4×4 is capable of traversing over the worst of surfaces. 10×20 section highway cum sand tyres offer good traction.
Key features include – optional 4 stretchers, HVAC for patient cabin, double walled insulated body, wash basin with water tank, oxygen delivery system for two patients with storge cabinet for two oxygen cylinders, inverter with battery backup, 4 auxilliary power supply ports, high intensity spotlight, insulated water tank, and refrigerator."

http://www.3ders.org/articles/20150717-china-showcases-large-3d-printed-metal-frames-for-new-generation-of-military-aircraft.html

China showcases large 3D printed metal frames for new generation of military aircraft

The Chinese military has been known for experimenting with 3D printing technology for a while now, so it was hardly surprising that some interesting 3D printed innovations were on display at the first Chinese National Defense Science and Technology Industry Exhibition. Opening on the morning of 16 July, this exhibition is the first time that all military branches were presented as a single unit. But of all the innovations presented, the most interesting were seen at the booth of the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, where large 3D printed metal frame components suitable for a variety of aircraft were showcased

Also displayed at the expo is the hyperboloid cockpit window frames for the C919 aircraft, also made using the laser 3D printing technology. Some information about these crucial components was already unveiled at a workshop given by aviation materials specialist Professor Wang Huaming (Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences some months ago. He revealed that Chinese scientists now only needed just 55 days to 3D print four of these hyperboloid cockpit window frames for the C919.

That timeframe is especially impressive when compared to European manufacturers, who would need at least two years to do the same, with the mold alone costing $2 million USD. ‘The traditional aircraft manufacturing industry doesn't only need much more time, but also wastes too many expensive materials,’ Wang argued. ‘Normally, just 10 per cent of raw materials would be utilised, with the rest all cut and dropped during the processes of casting moulds, forging, cutting and polishing.’

That argument was further supported with an example from Lockheed Martin Aeonotics, who needed 2,796kg of titanium alloy to produce an F-22 fighter jet. According to Wang, only 144kg of the material was actually present on the plane itself. Wang has been studying 3D printable materials since 200 with a team of researchers, and he further revealed that they reached the stage of mixing many different materials to imitate sophisticated, high-end components.

chinese8107:
http://www.3ders.org/articles/20150717-china-showcases-large-3d-printed-metal-frames-for-new-generation-of-military-aircraft.html

China showcases large 3D printed metal frames for new generation of military aircraft

The Chinese military has been known for experimenting with 3D printing technology for a while now, so it was hardly surprising that some interesting 3D printed innovations were on display at the first Chinese National Defense Science and Technology Industry Exhibition. Opening on the morning of 16 July, this exhibition is the first time that all military branches were presented as a single unit. But of all the innovations presented, the most interesting were seen at the booth of the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, where large 3D printed metal frame components suitable for a variety of aircraft were showcased

Also displayed at the expo is the hyperboloid cockpit window frames for the C919 aircraft, also made using the laser 3D printing technology. Some information about these crucial components was already unveiled at a workshop given by aviation materials specialist Professor Wang Huaming (Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences some months ago. He revealed that Chinese scientists now only needed just 55 days to 3D print four of these hyperboloid cockpit window frames for the C919.

That timeframe is especially impressive when compared to European manufacturers, who would need at least two years to do the same, with the mold alone costing $2 million USD. ‘The traditional aircraft manufacturing industry doesn't only need much more time, but also wastes too many expensive materials,’ Wang argued. ‘Normally, just 10 per cent of raw materials would be utilised, with the rest all cut and dropped during the processes of casting moulds, forging, cutting and polishing.’

That argument was further supported with an example from Lockheed Martin Aeonotics, who needed 2,796kg of titanium alloy to produce an F-22 fighter jet. According to Wang, only 144kg of the material was actually present on the plane itself. Wang has been studying 3D printable materials since 200 with a team of researchers, and he further revealed that they reached the stage of mixing many different materials to imitate sophisticated, high-end components.

good achievement and a game changer innovation
and will keep in mind to steal the technology as soon as possible , maybe i will stop by ur house on the way to the mission

The SPYDER (Surface-to-air PYthon and DERby) is an Israeli short and medium range mobile air defence system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems with assistance from Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI).

The SPYDER is a low-level, quick-reaction surface-to-air missile system capable of engaging aircraft, helicopters, unmanned air vehicles, drones, and precision-guided munitions. It provides air defence for fixed assets and for point and area defence for mobile forces in combat areas.

It implements the Python-5 and Derby missiles of the same company. The SPYDER launcher is designed to fire Python-5 and Derby surface-to-air missiles which share full commonality with the air-to-air missiles. There are two variants of the SPYDER: the SPYDER-SR (short range) and the SPYDER-MR (medium range). Both systems are quick reaction, all weather, network-centric, multi-launchers, and self-propelled. A typical battery consists one central command and control unit, six missile firing units, and a resupply vehicle. The SPYDER-SR uses the EL/M-2106 ATAR radar while the SPYDER-MR incorporates the EL/M-2084 MMR radar. The latter is the same radar used by the Iron Dome system currently in service with the Israel Defense Forces.


Python-5
The Python-5 is currently the most capable air-to-air missile (AAM) in Israel's inventory and one of the most advanced AAMs in the world. As a beyond-visual-range missile, it is capable of "lock-on after launch" (LOAL), and has all-aspect/all-direction (including rearward) attack ability. The missile features an advanced electro-optical infrared homing (with imaging infrared) seeker which scans the target area for hostile aircraft, then locks-on for terminal chase.

Guidance: infrared homing + electro-optical imaging
Warhead: 11 kg
Speed: Mach 4

Derby
The Derby is an active radar homing AAM that provides the SPYDER missile system with a fire-and-forget option due to its active radar guidance.

Guidance: Active radar homing
Warhead: 23 kg
Speed: Mach 4

nemesis2u:



good achievement and a game changer innovation
and will keep in mind to steal the technology as soon as possible , maybe i will stop by ur house on the way to the mission

Here comes more , you gonna have a big house to store them.


http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/////2016-07/25/content_26213835.htm


WUHAN - Researchers with Huazhong University of Science and Technology in central China's Hubei Province have successfully manufactured metal parts and molds using new 3D printing technology, sources with the university announced on Friday. The new metal 3D printing technology addresses existing problems in traditional metal 3D printing methods, said Zhang Hai'ou, leader of the 3D printing technology research team at the university.

These problems, such as flowing, dropping or crumbling of fused materials due to gravity, cracking, stress and rapid heating and cooling can severely affect modeling performance and accuracy, according to Zhang.

After over a decade of research, Zhang and other researchers have independently developed the new method of metal 3D printing, called "intelligent micro casting and forging." The method combines metal casting and forging technology and significantly improves the strength and ductility of metal molds to expand their life and reliability.

The invention has also reduced the costs for forging equipment and raw materials through a computer-controlled modeling process, Zhang said.

The technology has been awarded both national and international patents. It can be applied in the aerospace, medical, and auto industries, among others.

i have read and read and now tired. indeed Albert Einstein is right. no man knows the kind of weapons that will be involve in ww3 if it actually happens. to be truthful, I want half of those weapons in the Nigeria armory . note chinao8 ability Wetin ne ur name and nemesis or so. two of you are so good . but please try and tell the default in some lame man English like you usually do nemesis using China and ling and photography in the hacking and espionage tech war. e.g in the India nuclear submarine, I read it someplace that it is too noisy. and that Russia has the'silentess' submarine in d world. please when you guys want to reply stop copy and paste. try and break it down like nemesis for easy comprehension. tanks

chinese8107:


China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) has released details of its latest SWS2 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun/surface-to-air (SPAAG/SAM) system, which it is now offering for export.

It is based on an 8x8 VN1 armoured platform that is also used for a number of other applications.

The hull and turret are of all welded steel armour and provides protection from small arms fire and shell splinters.

The complete SWS2 system has a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 23 tonnes and is operated by a crew of three consisting of commander, gunner and driver.

Mounted on the middle of the platform is a remote controlled turret, which is armed with a 35 mm revolver cannon and a pod of four SAMs. Turret traverse is 360° with gun elevation from -2° to 85° while SAM elevation is from -5° to 70°. It would appear that SAM reloads are not carried so the SWS2 will have to depend on resupply vehicles for missile replenishment.

The 35 mm revolver cannon has a maximum slant range of 4,000 m and a maximum effective height of 3,000 m with 400 rounds of ammunition being carried.

NORINCO is currently marketing a complete family of 35 mm ammunition including high-explosive incendiary (HEI), high-explosive incendiary-tracer (HEI-T), and semi-armour piercing HEI-T (SAPHEI-T) with all of these having a muzzle velocity of 1,175 m/s and fitted with a self-destruct fuze. In addition it can fire the recently developed Programmable Time Fuze Pre-fragmented (PTFP) round, which has a muzzle velocity of 1,050 m/s.

This contains more than 100 spin-stabilised tungsten sub-projectiles and is optimised to engage smaller targets such as unmanned aerial vehicles and is equivalent to the Rheinmetall Air Defence 35 mm Advanced Hit Efficient And Destruction (AHEAD) ammunition. This 35 mm ammunition can also be fired by the Chinese PG99 35 mm anti-aircraft gun (AAG), truck-mounted CS/SA1 twin 35 mm AAG, and the Rheinmetall Air Defence 35 mm KD series twin towed 35 mm AAG.

SWS2


or without missles against ground or air target, rate of fire 500 rounds/min

ISIS could use DRONES to drop bombs or chemical weapons on British targets after terror group use them in Syria warns senior security expert (daily mail UK)

Despite this weapon Russia China Japan Israel US.ect. also developed other anti drone weapons


pic 1 US anti drone gun
pic 2 China anti drone gun

skullbaba:
i have read and read and now tired. indeed Albert Einstein is right. no man knows the kind of weapons that will be involve in ww3 if it actually happens. to be truthful, I want half of those weapons in the Nigeria armory . note chinao8 ability Wetin ne ur name and nemesis or so. two of you are so good . but please try and tell the default in some lame man English like you usually do nemesis using China and ling and photography in the hacking and espionage tech war. e.g in the India nuclear submarine, I read it someplace that it is too noisy. and that Russia has the'silentess' submarine in d world. please when you guys want to reply stop copy and paste. try and break it down like nemesis for easy comprehension. tanks

uhm bro its a discussion thread ..if u don't get something's..you can do private research

nemesis2u:

i have noticed quite a large no of weapon systems being developed are not accepted into chinese military.
they end up as export versions

China has the world No 1 supper fast computer that can help to computer aided weapon design.


it has shorten the time of designing a weapon especially vehicles from years to months.

but too many similar weapon is a nightmare for logistic support, that's why the defense department don't need they end up designed for foreign customers.It's not because they are not good but beause they are designed for different situations purposes ect.

chinese8107:


China has the word No 1 supper fast computer that can help to computer aided weapon design.

it has shorten the time of designing a weapon especially vehicles from years to months.

but too many similar weapon is a nightmare for logistic support, that's why the defense department don't need they end up designed for foreign customers.It's not because they are not good but beause they are designed for different situations purposes ect.

u r going to use exaflop scaling supercomputers to design tanks , apc etc vehicles as u mentioned.


man u will be the cause of my death someday

nemesis2u:


u r going to use exaflop scaling supercomputers to design tanks , apc etc vehicles as u mentioned.


man u will be the cause of my death someday

no need to die be optimistic ,India can get wanted technology from many counties NATO and RUSSIA Israel Japan... ect... ,not like China been embargoed by NATO in terms of arms trade.Russia has bare to sell.

Tailand to buy 3 Chinese S20 class S26T AIP submarine for $ 1 billion


Air-independent propulsion (AIP) is any technology which allows a non-nuclear submarine to operate without the need to access atmospheric oxygen (by surfacing or using a snorkel). AIP can augment or replace the diesel-electric propulsion system of non-nuclear vessels.

Modern non-nuclear submarines are potentially stealthier than nuclear submarines; a nuclear ship's reactor must constantly pump coolant, generating some amount of detectable noise. Non-nuclear submarines running on battery power or AIP, on the other hand, can be virtually silent. While nuclear-powered designs still dominate in terms of submerged endurance and deep-ocean performance, the new breed of small, high-tech non-nuclear attack subs are highly effective in coastal operations and pose a significant threat to less-stealthy and less-maneuverable nuclear subs.

AIP is usually implemented as an auxiliary source, with the traditional diesel engine handling propulsion on the surface. Most such systems generate electricity which in turn drives an electric motor for propulsion or recharges the boat's batteries. The submarine's electrical system is also used for providing "hotel services"—ventilation, lighting, heating etc.—although this consumes a small amount of power compared to that required for propulsion.

A benefit of this approach is it can be retrofitted into existing submarine hulls by inserting an additional hull section. AIP does not normally provide the endurance or power to replace the atmospheric dependent propulsion, but allows it to remain submerged longer than a more conventionally propelled submarine. A typical conventional power plant will provide 3 megawatts maximum, and an AIP source around 10% of that. A nuclear submarine's propulsion plant is usually much greater than 20 megawatts.

chinese8107:


no need to die be optimistic ,India can get wanted technology from many counties NATO and RUSSIA Israel Japan... ect... ,not like China been embargoed by NATO in terms of arms trade.Russia has bare to sell.

u completely misunderstood my post

but i guess it is not only u , but others too who r misunderstanding me

i will be gone for a while from the thread , so i hope u will keep the thread alive
plz post pictures and articles from other countries too and be neutral in ur postings.
ur doing a good job

chinese8107:


China has the world No 1 supper fast computer that can help to computer aided weapon design.


it has shorten the time of designing a weapon especially vehicles from years to months.

but too many similar weapon is a nightmare for logistic support, that's why the defense department don't need they end up designed for foreign customers.It's not because they are not good but beause they are designed for different situations purposes ect.

I heard China built the fastest super computer in the world without US chips. How true is that?

China has really grown to become a treat to the west. This will definitely speed up research of new weapons and am sure stimulation/design of Chinese aircraft carriers must have started yielding some positive results.

iblawi:


I heard China built the fastest super computer in the world without US chips. How true is that?

China has really grown to become a treat to the west. This will definitely speed up research of new weapons and am sure stimulation/design of Chinese aircraft carriers must have started yielding some positive results.

Yes ture you may check the top500 org to see the specs

https://www.top500.org/lists/2016/06/

the sw26010 260-cores processor was made in China without US technology ,after US baned the Intel Xeon Phi processor sales to China.The Supper Computer is 5 times faster than latest US made Titan Supper Computer,10 times than Japan.Off course US will not quit.This will start a supper computer built race.This will benefit research fields such as artifitial intelligence ,genetic engineering,geophysics,ect.that need mass data processing &calculations,not just weapon desigen

China is building at least 2 aircraft carriers simultaneously.
http://www.computerworld.com/article/3085483/high-performance-computing/china-builds-world-s-fastest-supercomputer-without-u-s-chips.html

chinese8107:


no need to die be optimistic ,India can get wanted technology from many counties NATO and RUSSIA Israel Japan... ect... ,not like China been embargoed by NATO in terms of arms trade.Russia has bare to sell.

LOLZZZ i almost died laughing when i read this
and why do u mention India , did i say anything about India
u must love India very much

this is getting very boring but allow me to educate you


It was the fall of 1985 and the Prime Minister of India had returned from USA, red faced. His first attempt at purchasing a supercomputer had failed.US president Ronald Reagan had politely rejected his plea. Rajiv Gandhi’s dream to take India into the 21st century as an improved country had suffered a major setback. Multiple attempts to convince the US President failed one final time in 1987, which was the moment when the Prime Minister clearly saw closed doors on the American side.

Indian diplomats had foreseen this. They knew American policy. America would never sell latest technology to anyone and especially not to a developing country like India.

At a conference at CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), in 1987,Indian PM Rajiv Gandhi was discussing this problem with many renowned Indian scientists. They expressed their discontent on the PM asking other countries to setup India’s supercomputer. CSIR think tanks proposed that Indian brains are equally potent as American and European ones and an indigenous Supercomputer could be made. Rajiv Gandhi was not convinced at all. He doubted Indian scientists’ ability initially. But, looking at the gravity of the situation, he agreed on the proposal.

CSIR transferred the project to CDAC (Center for Development and Advanced Computing) immediately. Based in Pune, CDAC summoned scientists from all over the country to work on the project. Within three years, CDAC finally completed its work well within the proposed deadline.

For the first time ever, a developing country had pulled off such a miracle in advanced computer development. Needless to say, the world was shocked at this achievement. The first indigenous supercomputer created by India was named ‘PARAM 8000’.

In 2007, the Eka supercomputer was the fourth fastest supercomputer in the world and the fastest in Asia.

Indian supercomputers have been exported to more than 15 countries which includes Russia , Canada , Singapore , Germany

Top science centres in India like ISRO, IISc and select IITs have started work on a mission to build and run the fastest supercomputer that will work at exaflops per second, faster than the current Petaflops performance worldwide.

There is no exaflop supercomputer in the world yet and the first one is expected to emerge around 2019-2020, which is exactly when India has planned to launch its own.

India’s proposed new supercomputer is set to work at 132 exaflops per second as against an 1 exaflops per second machine being built by Cray Incorporated, the iconic American computer company which has projected that its machine would be ready by 2020.

for the layman
1 petaFLOPS (PFLOPS) means 10 to the power 15 floating-point operations per second
1 exaFLOPS (EFLOPS) means 10 to the power 18 floating-point operations per second

Sunway TaihuLight 93 PFLOPS i.e. 93 x 10 to the power 15 floating-point operations per second (fastest as of 2016)

US cray inc is working on 1 EFLOPS supercomputer i.e. 1 x 10 to the power 18 floating-point operations per second (to be ready by 2020)

india is working on 132 EFLOPS supercomputer i.e. 132 x 10 to the power 18 floating-point operations per second (to be ready by 2021-2 )

The IISc-Isro project has the backing of the Centre which has set aside Rs 11,000 crore for its development (roughly $2 bn), apart from support to the other major initiative of having 100-150 supercomputers at the local, district and national levels under a national programme.

But what India’s science institutions are working on is no easy task. Taking up research on exaflops itself is a big step. An exaflop machine is not only hard to build, but it is also very difficult to just run it. The system requires a level of energy way above normal levels. We need to have energy-efficient systems in place to build and run this machine. Higher the energy consumed, higher the costs. Good system and energy management will be crucial in cutting down costs.

so lets wait and watch , if they manage to get the project working kudos to them .

nemesis2u:


LOLZZZ i almost died laughing when i read this
and why do u mention India , did i say anything about India
u must love India very much

this is getting very boring but allow me to educate you


It was the fall of 1985 and the Prime Minister of India had returned from USA, red faced. His first attempt at purchasing a supercomputer had failed.US president Ronald Reagan had politely rejected his plea. Rajiv Gandhi’s dream to take India into the 21st century as an improved country had suffered a major setback. Multiple attempts to convince the US President failed one final time in 1987, which was the moment when the Prime Minister clearly saw closed doors on the American side.

Indian diplomats had foreseen this. They knew American policy. America would never sell latest technology to anyone and especially not to a developing country like India.

At a conference at CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), in 1987,Indian PM Rajiv Gandhi was discussing this problem with many renowned Indian scientists. They expressed their discontent on the PM asking other countries to setup India’s supercomputer. CSIR think tanks proposed that Indian brains are equally potent as American and European ones and an indigenous Supercomputer could be made. Rajiv Gandhi was not convinced at all. He doubted Indian scientists’ ability initially. But, looking at the gravity of the situation, he agreed on the proposal.

CSIR transferred the project to CDAC (Center for Development and Advanced Computing) immediately. Based in Pune, CDAC summoned scientists from all over the country to work on the project. Within three years, CDAC finally completed its work well within the proposed deadline.

For the first time ever, a developing country had pulled off such a miracle in advanced computer development. Needless to say, the world was shocked at this achievement. The first indigenous supercomputer created by India was named ‘PARAM 8000’.

In 2007, the Eka supercomputer was the fourth fastest supercomputer in the world and the fastest in Asia.

Indian supercomputers have been exported to more than 15 countries which includes Russia , Canada , Singapore , Germany

Top science centres in India like ISRO, IISc and select IITs have started work on a mission to build and run the fastest supercomputer that will work at exaflops per second, faster than the current Petaflops performance worldwide.

There is no exaflop supercomputer in the world yet and the first one is expected to emerge around 2019-2020, which is exactly when India has planned to launch its own.

India’s proposed new supercomputer is set to work at 132 exaflops per second as against an 1 exaflops per second machine being built by Cray Incorporated, the iconic American computer company which has projected that its machine would be ready by 2020.

for the layman
1 petaFLOPS (PFLOPS) means 10 to the power 15 floating-point operations per second
1 exaFLOPS (EFLOPS) means 10 to the power 18 floating-point operations per second

Sunway TaihuLight 93 PFLOPS i.e. 93 x 10 to the power 15 floating-point operations per second (fastest as of 2016)

US cray inc is working on 1 EFLOPS supercomputer i.e. 1 x 10 to the power 18 floating-point operations per second (to be ready by 2020)

india is working on 132 EFLOPS supercomputer i.e. 132 x 10 to the power 18 floating-point operations per second (to be ready by 2021-2 )

The IISc-Isro project has the backing of the Centre which has set aside Rs 11,000 crore for its development (roughly $2 bn), apart from support to the other major initiative of having 100-150 supercomputers at the local, district and national levels under a national programme.

But what India’s science institutions are working on is no easy task. Taking up research on exaflops itself is a big step. An exaflop machine is not only hard to build, but it is also very difficult to just run it. The system requires a level of energy way above normal levels. We need to have energy-efficient systems in place to build and run this machine. Higher the energy consumed, higher the costs. Good system and energy management will be crucial in cutting down costs.

so lets wait and watch , if they manage to get the project working kudos to them .

US China Japan also compete to launch an exaflop HPC in around 2018-2020 it could be beyond 2021 if delaied by some technical problem, but this list refreshs annually.

IL-76MD-90 upgraded cockpit

PLAAF inventory

5th generation AMCA advanced medium combat aircrafts mission simulator snapshot.

it seems India has carried out the test firing of the precursor of a dedicated EMP bomb. no official confirmation exists but i know India took the help of Ukrainians to develop the base technology required to develop a E-bomb.

the 3rd picture shows the Ukrainian EMP bomb which was shown in defexpo 2015 in India.

the 4th picture shows the Indian design


first test firing happened in the early 2014. The EMP device that was tested abjectly failed.

EMP (electro-magnetic pulse) system — in technical terms “a magnetic flux compression generator” can knock out whole communications grids. Initiated at AEC’s laser facility in Indore many years ago, weaponizing the concept was undertaken only a few years ago by DRDO.

Designed to yield 100 megagauss the device, mounted on a tower, “tore itself into pieces” reportedly because of wrong experimental parameters, geometry, and magnetic field configuration. As a consequence the device — that can be used from an airborne platform or ground based, in which case, the earth is a conducive medium — in the manner of a shaped charge however suffered “asymmetric explosion” (in the process knocking out at most a few cell phones).

ZU 23 upgrade with modern fire control systems by private companies

damn meet the iranian Mesbah 1
4 zu-23 systems one single platform.

Mesbah-1 is composed of 4 ZU-23-2 guns (8 individual guns in total) installed on a rotatable mount wheeled carrier. Each autocannon has it's own feed magazine. Normal firing rate for ZU-23-2 is 2,000 rounds per minute, but the Mesbah-1 is reported to have a rate of 4000 rds/m instead of 8000 rds/m.


what were they thinking , i guess they wanted a system to wipe out an entire infantry battalion from the word go

L 70 bofors 40mm guns uprade with modern fire control system, very good for land attack mod