₦airaland Forum

christistruth01:
With all Humility

I came down to your intellectual level

I have 2 UK Post Graduate degrees

Don't let me drag you please

If I start being intellectual with you

You will flee this thread

The fact that Mkpuru Miri has Sabotaged you thinking doesn't mean the whole World is like you

Are you bragging you have 2 UK postgraduate degrees ��� and you are making this caricature of yourself here. Maybe, you are the first person to acquire such in your village, if not you need to either ask for a full refund of your tuition or you publish a full page apology to your UK schools on the front page of two successive Daily Mail edition.

Who needs a UK degree if you can't contribute to an intellectual discourse. You should hide your head in shame.

Ekealterego:
Nooo Nwanne, read again, Ijaw makes up ¼ of Brass. Read the classifications again. They are just a minority part of Brass... Cross River people which we the Igbos call "Mmogh" make up a significant part of Brass.. There are books acknowledging the influence that changed their language slightly.

Accept my apologies, from the record Ijaws are one-quarter of the populace in Brass L.G.A

Igboid:
Not true.
The Ijaws were well singled out in the documents shared here.
The Europeans noted that the Ijaws were not very hard-working and preferred to drink day and night.
It's all in that memoirs.
It's ridiculous to claim that the Europeans didn't know the difference between Ijaw and Igbo or Igbo and other minorities of the East, when the documents shared here clearly noted all existing ethnicities in SS today and non was misclassified as Igbo.

Iban/Ubani, were all words the Igbos of hinterland called Bonny and Opobo.
It was never an Ijaw language.

The idea of Ibani being an Ijaw language is a recent manipulation.

If you have any precolonial or pre civil war account of Bonny and Opobo that noted that the people were Ijaws, share it here. Other than Alagoa manipulation and distortions post civil war and other nonsense books based on Alagoa manipulation that followed, no such book exists.
If they do, ChinenyeN would have provided them since.

Don't spend your time explaining things to that guy. I just laughed when he said Europeans had a distorted account of tribes. The same Europeans that were responsible for the scramble and partition of Africa. I won't be surprised if he denied slave trade ever happened too.
The good thing about Crow's account is that it is so detailed you cannot deny it. Igbos owe him a lot. The memoir was written as if the Captain new a time like this would come. He documented all spheres of daily living then (religion,culture,language,physical appearance etc).

The man even wrote a mini igbo dictionary about the language natives were speaking (maybe he was tone deaf or learnt igbo in Liverpool in 1798). I am surprised someone hasn't claimed Captain Crow was actually an igbo named Captain Chukwu.

I daresay from records in that account and existence of igbo culture in both places today, if igbos dare take this matter to a court of arbitration, ijaws would have no case.

Ekealterego:
There is a slight argument in the language but I thought i should follow the reference to favours the Ijos. On the Bayelsan government website, they treated Nembe as a separate language all together. However, I went out of my way to seek a classification that favours the Ijos so they won't be here crying. LOL

The Nembe people need to be researched. I noticed ijo/ijaw is part of Brass L.G.A, so it makes sense to claim that Brass people are ijaw.

Ekealterego:
Well, for you to understand first, and untangle the whole thing, you have to understand linguistic classifications and understand where these people belong to.

ijaw or Izon only exist in 4 LGAs in Bayelsa. I believe we have mentioned it but not in a dedicated thread. Ogbia is not an Ijaw language, Ogbia is a Cross Riverian people. They are closer to the Ibibios, Efik etc in terms of origin based on their language. They call them Delta central of the Cross Riverian languages.

You can open a thread, "Who are the Ijaws"

Now, to make the thing easy for you.

In Bayelsa, there are 3 main language groups/people.

The ijoids (South Izon/southern Ijaw, Izon etc.)

2. The Edoids (e.g Epie, Attisa, Engenni [Known as the Oguan), Urhobo, Isoko).

3. The Cross-River people (Ogbia, Abureni etc. )

These are the people in Bayelsa and here is their classification and LGAs

Brass
Abureni; Cross-River language/people
Southeast Ijo; IJo
Ogbia; Cross-River language/people
Kugbo; Cross-River language/people

Ekeremor
Izon; Ijo

Kolokuma/Opokuma

Izon; Ijo

Nembe
Abureni; Cross-River people/language
Southeast Ijo; Ijo
Izon (Ijaw)

Ogbia
Abureni; Cross-River language.
Southeast Ijo;
Odual; Cross-River language
Ogbia; Cross-River language
Oruma; Ijo

Sagbama
Biseni; Ijo
Isoko; Edoid/Edo
Izon; Ijo
Ogbah; Igbo/Igboid
Okodia; inland Ijo/Ijo
Urhobo; Urhobo/Edoid/Edo

Southern Ijaw

Southeast Ijo; Ijo
Izon; Ijo

Yenagoa
Engenni; Edo/Edoid
Epie; Edo/Edoid
Izon; Ijo
Ekpeye; Igboid

Reference.
Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.

Bayelsa – History & Culture – Bayelsa State Government". Retrieved on 2021-29-11 from https://bayelsastate.gov.ng/our-history/

Nice start and thanks for the reference. It is interesting that all the records I have seen has recent references. I will like to read Alagoa's record and more especially find out when the term was first used to describe a group of people.

I saw a online account mentioning ijaw languages and I am confused how an ethnic group has several languages rather than dialects.

I will be ready to do a thread when once I have gathered enough data.

DitariDisciple2:
Oya leave Nairaland, and
go and remove them from all Ijaw socia-cultural organizations they belong till today, and force them into Ibo own.

Aside from being a student of history, I have extensively transversed the breadth of Southern Nigeria from Seme border to Ogoja and I still do. I was planning to stop here but since you have dared me, I have now taken it upon myself to expose a whole lot of lies in the Niger-delta, including on-going attempts to claim Akwa-ibom shoreline, parts of Crossriver and Gabon as ijaw land. I actually saw a literature mentioning ijaw as been indigenous to Akwa-ibom, guess the reference(lol)? This unbridled expansionism has to be stopped. Thanks to the rich history of Calabar.

As far as arguments persists, ALL the places there has been claim of igboness, have obvious igbo traits (language, culture, physique etc), I am not sure the reverse is always true.

I am sure if this kind of document existed there wouldn't have been need for the senseless bloodbath about who were the owners of ogbe-ijoh.

I am researching to find out who exactly is Ijaw(what makes someone ijaw), when was the term first used? What is the relationship between ijaw in rivers and Delta/Bayelsa? Is there an Ijaw language, if yes does someone from Kalabari, Ogbia or ibani understand someone from Sagbama or Yenegoa?

Remember, FACTS not fiction. Thanks to European historical documents and internet. Shalom.

@Ekealterego, please I would appreciate literatures you can volunteer.

9Pluto:
A lot of debates or arguments have been going on mainly between(igbos and ijaws) about the identity of Bonny and Opobo people. So much that lots of indigenes are confused about their own identity. The reason for this is not far fetched. The igbo language is an indigenous language in both places and while most inhabitants bear English names, some bear ijaw names and few still retain their igbo names. However, I will try to be as neutral as possible while I implore you to be a little objective as we embark on this historical fact check.
Most of the arguments in my opinion have been nothing more than mere conjectures. For instance, ijaw people claim the igbo language spoken in both places is foreign or creolized version while trying to force inhabitants to start learning an entirely new language different from what they learnt at home.
We have seen both igbos and ijaws trying to make their own interpretations of what they think must have happened and as such both of them twist words to have meanings in their their own language.
For example:
Ndoki-ndoki/aminadokiari
Ibani-ubani/ibani/igbani
Amanyanabo-Ama onye nabo/
It might interest you to know that the title Amanyanabo use by ijaws originated from Bonny. The igbo interpretation means, “The town/community of 2 kings/persons”.
Bonny traditionally had 2 kings as documented by Captain Hugh and he was friends with both men who held him in high esteem.
King Pepple and King Holiday were both kings that reigned in Bonny at the same time.


To understand the reality of who Bonny and Opobo people are I would be rellying on the Memoirs of Captain Hugh Crow of Liverpool(1765-1829) and I implore any true son of Bonny or Opobo to consult this book or any other one written before it to really find out their identity. If you do not have much time, you can read from chapter 10, however reading the whole book gives a huge insight into slavery. It is important to note that while the author confirmed Eboes/igbos as natives of Bonny, there was no mention or acknowledgement of ijaws. But I am using my discretion to assume that the ijaws were the Brass people as the author asserts that they came from the Brass country which is located North West of Bonny.

Impotant dates:
Captain Hugh Crow of Liverpool(1765-1829)
King Jaja of Opobo 1821-1891
Technically King Jaja was born 12 years after slave trade was abolished.
Slave trade was abolished in 1809 by Sir Wilberforce.
Apart from being a popular slave merchant, Captain Crow(a.k.a Play man) was very popular with Kings and Natives of Bonny. He was so popular that he was invited to crown one of the Kings of Bonny at a time and he was regularly invited to help resolve palaver in the kingdom. He was captain of the last ship that left Bonny with slaves after slavery was abolished.

The authors memoir is insightful for many reasons:
It rendered a vivid account of what trans Atlantic slave trade looks like. In his assertions, slaves taken off the West African coast to America were better off than their countrymen left behind in Africa. During the period in review, whites were also slaves and most Britons including the author became prisoners of the French.

The author asserts that:
Bonny people are chiefly a mix of Eboe/Igbo and Brass/ijaw people.
He described/mentioned the igbo country in the hinterland and the brass country lying north-west of Bonny.
However, most of the details of daily living amongst the natives was more in tune with igbo lifestyle.
He talked about igbo native doctors he referred to as dibia and the enormous influence they wield in justice and health administration, even the kings respect them. He also described details of igbo marriage customs and funneral as observed in Bonny.
He talked about the use of elephant during the commemoration of King Pepple's father 10 years after the father's death. He mention the value of elephant tusk.
Contrary to conjectures that the name Pepple was European's attempt at pronouncing Perekule, the author asserts that Bonny people derived joy in bearing english names as he himself was responsible for crowning a King who he named after an English prince. An incident that excited the populace. He confirms that both King Pepple and King Holiday were igbos.
He described in detail the physique, including complexion and character of different tribes eboes, brass, appas, quaws, ottams etc

The author described one Chief Fubara who was an acquaintance of King Pepple. He asserts that Chief Fubara was not an indigene of Bonny but a stranger who migrated from his country during a crisis with a false claim that he was a warrior in his native country.

The author proved that ijaws were not selling igbo slaves as claimed in some quarters. According to him, everyone/every tribe was sold as slave. He described instances where some igbo chiefs set people up with their beautiful young wives and victims eventually pay a fine or become slaves. He explained the reason why more igbo slaves were sold. They were more relatable to Europeans than most other tribes.

Captain Hugh is credited with one of the earliest attempt to create an Eboe/igbo dictionary.
The author asserts that Opobo is an Igbo name for male children.
He also said that natives are often marked according to their origin and that Bonny natives often have short cupped perpendicular markings on both sides of their temple(this is consistent with the igbo tribal mark).

He confirmed the existence of Cannibalism, that Andoni was considered a dangerous place to venture, the fact that Calabar people eat dog meat, the influence of Benin empire, that some Brass people were usually employed to make salt during dry season under the Benin empire amongst other things.

I was planning to post pages from his write up to buttress some points, unfortunately i cannot do so on this forum as it seems to permit posting only few images at a time. But i will post some.

CONCLUSION

Bonny and Opobo people are a mix of Eboe/Igbo and Brass/Ijaw people in origin. This document however asserts a more igbo origin or dorminance as most of his history of the ancient kingdom was about igbos(The word Brass appeared 14 times in the history of Bonny, while the word Eboe appeared 48 times). This perhaps explains the existence of the igbo language spoken there and the presence of igbo masqurades like nwaotam. Shalom

P.S: I am being challenged to prove that Brass people are Ijaw people, so I must state once more that this was an assumption on my part and it remains to be proven or disputed.

I just made an update:

The word Brass appeared 14 times in the history of Bonny, while the word Eboe appeared 48 times.

Ekealterego:
What is "fabricated"? Written history from 1699? History from ethnographical works and memoirs 1699 and 1820-40s then 1860s then 1888 and another set of accounts 1906?

Please, I know Nigerian education is terrible but please please please, don't disgrace yourself willfully in the open.

We didn't write that history, those accounts were written way before our great grand fathers were born from neutral accounts.

I will try to invite one or two family from Bonny Igbo family here soon.

Considering the type of dementia I am seeing on this thread it is not advisable to invite anyone unless the person would be talking anonymously. Already, I have even been directed to watch some videos to backup this findings.

I am ready to do a live debate with anyone intrested, unfortunately i have not seen any reasonable counter argument aside from infantile tantrums.

Jomonix:
Please where can I get this book. I want to read on know. Thanks

Just Google,'Memoirs of Captain Hugh Crow of Liverpool'.

Aside proving the identity of Bonny natives, the book renders a fantastic account of the slave trade era. It contains details of what life was like for most European(mainly British) Sailors. There are a lot more in the book we could talk about, so I encourage guys to read up and come share your findings.

The intent is for this thread to elicit an intellectual discourse and not some rabid noise typical of educated illiterates.

So far, I have seen some interesting additions to the conversation especially from @Ekealterego for which I am grateful.

EmmaJnr1:
na small boy you be. U don't know anything. I see my response to you as a waste of time but I just have to do it. Igbos own rivers state most especially porthacourt. After the war, some minority tribes started taking over igbos lands and property in rivers state which made many igbos to claim they were not igbos just to still live in their ancestral land and have access to their properties. It was within this time that Ikwere was created by Obi nwanali just so they can get job and retain their properties as ikwerre people instead of being seen as igbos. Read about this from this link https://www.nairaland.com/6695300/meet-man-established-ikwerre-rivers

I know u are a fulani sponsored miscreant that moves around to post nonsense just to spit on the Igbos. Una plan na moi moi. Igbos knows where their land starts and end and no one will be left behind when we enter biafra. Even minority ijaw can join through a referendum. Urobo have more population than Ijaw but they are not making noise like this. 90% of Rivers state is Igbo land and are igbos

Referendum will decide. No one would be forced to join biafra. Ijaw, Itshekiri, Urobo can join Biafra which is opened to all. Take note that Biafra is not an Igbo thing. Cross river and akwaibom are biafrans too. You this fulani government paid detractors will soon get tired and run

This is not a Biafra post.

ChinenyeN:
From the works of Charles Ogan (1980s), Finapiri (2001), Alagoa & Fombo (1960s) and Nzewuwa (1980s), among others, it is well-established that the Amanyanabo system is a modern monarchy system that first came about in the 17th century among most Eastern Ijaw communities.

Nzewuwa (1983) showed that the House System and a feudal/factional kingship system already existed in the Elem Kalabari area. Kalabari oral traditions and documentary evidence from European traders suggests that these institutions came to be in active practice by the 17th century. Additionaly, Amakiri I (the first of the modern Kalabari monarchs), is recollected as becoming the first "overall Amanyanabo", creating the modern Kalabari dynasty and galvanizing the Kalabari kingdom. This tradition of Amakiri I becoming the first "overall Amanyanabo" suggests the presence of other feudal kings (at least some, not all) going by "Amanyanabo" (Alagoa, 1970s, 2005).

Unlike the series of events/oral traditions of Kalabari, the picture was rather different for Okrika. Charles Ogan (1980s) did a decent job in marking down a chronology for the adoption of both the House System and the Amanyanabo System within Okrika (which Charles Ogan refers to as Amanyanaboship). Charles shows that the Amanyanabo institution did not exist in Okrika prior to its adopted in the seventeeth century. The first Amanyanabo of Okrika (Ado I) was installed as part of the ongoing effort to free Okrika from Bonny's political and economic authority.

Finapiri (2001) researched and collected Bonny oral traditions which credit Perekule as having brought drastic changes to the kingship system in Bonny in the 18th century, in which Perekule was officially proclaimed as the "Amanyanabo", starting the new Amanyanabo dynasty in Bonny. For Bonny, both the House
System and the Amanyanabo system were imported between the late 17th to early 18th centuries (Alagoa 1971, Oriji 2011).

This doesn't satisfy my curiosity neither does it do justice to the debate. You oldest reference is barely 50 years ago and it mostly rely on oral history which is flawed for obvious reasons. In my opinion it comes with a lot of burden.

Meanwhile, let us not digress from the essence of the original post.

BKayy:
Did you miss the part of Fubara and Holiday serving as Kings to the same Bonny at the same time?

King Pepple and King Holiday not Fubara.

ChinenyeN:
No, this would be incorrect. It's actually well established that the Amanyanabo system in Bonny comes from Kalabari. Okrika and Bonny adopted the Amanyanabo system by the 17th century. It is an Ijaw expression, not Igbo.

You have an interesting submission. But I think it would be more reasonable to provide supporting literatures.
I would soon get the actual ijaw pronunciation or spelling of the title as I came across it during my research.

DitariDisciple2:
That's never ever Opobo name.
Why are they not under Ibo socia-cultural organizations
But are in all Ijaw own.

Here is proof.

[quote author=DitariDisciple2 post=108037125][/quote]We are trying to have an intellectual discourse here and I would appreciate claims backed with proofs. You can read through the original post and see my comments abouts names. Here is a sample family name in Opobo, 'Ikeokwuadighm'. Remember facts not fiction.

SlayerForever:
For me the Quaws are not confusing. That has mostly been how the Ibibiod groups are referred to historically.

I tend to believe it refers to people from Akwa-ibom as the author asserts they are distinct in both language and physique.

Ekealterego:
Rev. John Clarke did a lot of work mapping the languages and people to the maps in that area. H collected multiple samples of the dialects in 1848.
This is Ottam described and the samples from different districts within Otam. From the samples of the Language, Otam is definitely Ibos that are close to anywhere around cross rivers or Akwa-ibom.

Very insightful!
Your article identifies three Ottam groups and it is the 3rd group near Obani that were acknowledged as igbos.
Also in the language table for Ottam, while the second one for counting numbers one, two, three, four is the same for igbo language, the first one for Father, Mother etc seems to be different.

OfoIgbo:
By the way, the BRECHEs are the MGBURU-ICHIs. They are a class of titled Igbos, usually from the Nri sphere of influence.

They had elaborate facial scarifications. Olaudah Equiano's father was an MGBURU-ICHI, and they were highly respected around this period.

Usually, when Igbo towns were at war, it was the MGBURU-ICHIs that mediated and made peace in those towns.

Eze Nri was the head of the MGBURU-ICHIs all over Igboland and Igodomigodo and elsewhere

cc:
9Pluto
Igboid
Slayerforever
Eastlink

Thanks for shedding more light. I could not really identify who they are/were. However, your comment is consistent with the author's assertions that the Breeches were igbos too.

oyatz:
All these aren't necessary if we understand two important facts;

1) Ethnic Identities are self-indentities.














2) Ethnic Identities , though relatively stable are nevertheless dynamic and may change over a long period of time.

I disagree that learning history is not necessary. It is easy to say this until you come from a place where you are asked to drop your ancestral language and pickup a new local language. Here for instance is a recent attempt at revisionism in these locations and why it may be necessary to take a historical look.

Apologies for my typos. As a student of history, I am open to fact based criticisms and not hearsay. From my calculations, this is about Two hundred and twenty-one years old (221 years) history!!! I look forward to getting contradictions from the same period or beyond.

Considering that most people cannot trace their origin beyond their great grandfather or great great grandfather at most, then you would appreciate how reliable this piece of history is.

Considering how familiar sailors are with maps, find attached the following:

1. A map of the delta according to the publishers in the 1800s(the second one is from a different source).

2. Another later map

3. List of Bonny Kings according to Major Glynn Leonard around 1899-6.

4. Play of late Chief Ogolo of Opobo - men dressed in ritual costumes((Okonko Mask) " photographed by Arthur Tremearne, c. 1913. MAA Cambridge.

A lot of debates or arguments have been going on mainly between(igbos and ijaws) about the identity of Bonny and Opobo people. So much that lots of indigenes are confused about their own identity. The reason for this is not far fetched. The igbo language is an indigenous language in both places and while most inhabitants bear English names, some bear ijaw names and few still retain their igbo names. A large portion of videos which could be found on YouTube also portrays a largely igbo heritage till date.

For example:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q22f9HXmw7Y

However, I will try to be as neutral as possible while I implore you to be a little objective as we embark on this historical fact check.
Most of the arguments in my opinion have been nothing more than mere conjectures. For instance, ijaw people claim the igbo language spoken in both places is foreign or creolized version while trying to force inhabitants to start learning an entirely new language different from their mother tongue. There are also claims that igbo language was the language of igbo slaves the ijaws were trading. It is surprising how this eventually became an indigenous language making it the first of such incidence on the Gulf of Guinea. Even Calabar another important slave port nearby didn't experience such.

We have also seen both igbos and ijaws trying to make their own interpretations of what they think must have happened and as such both groups twist words to have meanings according to their respective language.
For example:
i) Ndoki-ndoki/aminadokiari
ii) Ibani-Ubani//Obani/Igbani/Ebane
iii) Ama-Ama
iv) Amanyanabo-Ama onye nabo(Ama-anyi-nabo in Ndoki dialect)/Ama-nya-nabo (igbo for he who ties up another, like master tying up slave).
It might interest you to know that the title Amanyanabo use by ijaws originated from Bonny. The igbo interpretation means, “The town/community of 2 kings/persons” (this is debatable).
Bonny traditionally had 2 kings as documented by Captain Hugh and he was friends with both men who held him in high esteem.
King Pepple and King Holiday were both kings that reigned in Bonny at the same time.


To understand the reality of who Bonny and Opobo people are I would be rellying on the Memoirs of Captain Hugh Crow of Liverpool(1765-1829) and I implore any true son of Bonny or Opobo to consult this book or any other one written before it to really find out their identity. If you do not have much time, you can read from chapter 10, however reading the whole book gives a huge insight into slave trade era. It is important to note that while the author confirmed Eboes/igbos as natives of Bonny, there was no mention or acknowledgement of ijaws. But I am using my discretion to assume that the ijaws were the Brass people as the author asserts that they came from the Brass country which is located North West of Bonny.

Impotant dates:
Captain Hugh Crow of Liverpool(1765-1829)
King Jaja of Opobo 1821-1891
Technically King Jaja was born 12 years after slave trade was abolished.
Slave trade was abolished in 1809 by Sir Wilberforce.
King Jaja of Opobo founded Opobo in 1870.

Apart from being a popular slave merchant, Captain Crow(a.k.a Play man) was very popular with Kings and Natives of Bonny. He was so popular that he was invited to crown one of the Kings of Bonny at a time and he was regularly invited to help resolve palaver in the kingdom. He was captain of the last ship that left Bonny with slaves after slavery was abolished.

The author's memoir is insightful for many reasons:
It rendered a vivid first person account of what trans Atlantic slave trade looks like. In his assertions, slaves taken off the West African coast to America were better off than their countrymen left behind in Africa. During the period in review, whites were also slaves and most Britons including the author became prisoners of the French.

The author asserts that:
Bonny people are chiefly a mix of Eboe/Igbo and Brass/ijaw people.
He described/mentioned the igbo country in the hinterland and the brass country lying north-west of Bonny.
However, most of the details of daily living amongst the natives was more in tune with igbo lifestyle.
He talked about igbo native doctors he referred to as dibia and the enormous influence they wield in justice and health administration, even the kings respect them. He also described details of igbo marriage customs and funneral as observed in Bonny.
He talked about the use of elephant during the commemoration of King Pepple's father 10 years after the father's death. He mention the value of elephant tusk.
Contrary to conjectures that the name Pepple was European's attempt at pronouncing Perekule, the author asserts that Bonny people derived joy in bearing english names as he himself was responsible for crowning a King who he named after an English prince. An incident that excited the populace. He confirms that both King Pepple and King Holiday were igbos.
He described in detail the physique, including complexion and character of different tribes eboes, brass, appas, quaws and ottams. No mention of Ijaw in his record.

The author described one Chief Fubara who was an acquaintance of King Pepple. He asserts that Chief Fubara was not an indigene of Bonny but a stranger who migrated from his country during a crisis with a false claim that he was a warrior in his native country.

The author proved that ijaws were not selling igbo slaves as claimed in some quarters. According to him, everyone/every tribe was sold as slave. He described instances where some igbo chiefs set people up with their beautiful young wives and victims eventually pay a fine or become slaves. He explained the reason why more igbo slaves were sold. They were more relatable to Europeans than most other tribes.

Captain Hugh is credited with one of the earliest attempt to create an Eboe/igbo dictionary.
The author asserts that Opobo is an Igbo name for male children.
He also said that natives are often marked according to their origin and that Bonny natives often have short cupped perpendicular markings on both sides of their temple(this is consistent with the igbo tribal mark).

He confirmed the existence of Cannibalism, that Andoni was considered a dangerous place to venture, the fact that Calabar people eat dog meat,the fact that he planted coconut trees on one of the islands, the influence of Benin empire, that some Brass people were usually employed to make salt during dry season under the Benin empire amongst other things.

I was planning to post pages from his write up to buttress some points, unfortunately i cannot do so on this forum as it seems to permit posting only few images at a time. But i will post some.

CONCLUSION

Bonny people are a mix of Eboe/Igbo and Brass people in origin. This document however asserts a more igbo origin or dominance as most of Crow's history of the ancient kingdom was about igbos(The word Brass appeared 14 times in the history of Bonny, while the word Eboe appeared 48 times). This perhaps explains the existence of the indigenous igbos there and the presence of igbo masquerades like nwaotam. However, Opobo is a more recently founded city state by King Jaja who established his sole ownership authority and set up the kingdom with friends who accompanied him from Bonny. While Ebane/Igbanni/Ubani/Obani is the igbo dialect spoken in these locations. The same dialect that was used to write the first igbo bible commissioned by King Pepple. Shalom

P.S: I am being challenged to prove that Brass people are Ijaw people, so I must state once more that this was an assumption on my part and it remains to be proven or disputed.

Current literatures been submitted seems to indicate that the Brass were indeed a different people from the ijaws as they are known today.

FINALLY
A new literature referenced to another European by name Baike(who arrived Bonny about 50 years later than Crow) has just been posted on page 34 of this thread.

Baike EXPLICITLY stated that Bonny people told him they were of igbo descent. They called themselves Ebanne, that is where the name Bonny came from. Other igbos called them Obani/Ubani, while Kalabari(New Calabar) people called them Ibane.


Dear Ladies and gentlemen, when I started this thread I was shocked by the findings I had already made but I am more shocked and bewildered by the supporting literature this thread has provided from various contributors.

Proud sons and daughters of Grand-Bonny and Ancient Kingdom of Opobo, l congratulate you on finding your true Ebane roots of the ancient Ndoki subgroup and connecting with a future away from mere conjectures and fictions.
The original Pepples, Madu, Ani, Kamalu, Ashimini, Uranta,Nkemeku, Ogolo, Jaja, Ikeokwuadighm, Oko Jumbo, Alali etc Let real history guide you at all times, away from myths and conjectures.

I hope with this, most people would start giving their children more native names and teach them to speak their language to stem the growing tide of identity crises.

This write up however understands that there are parts of this islands or local government areas today that bears different Identities as presently constituted.

Alas, it is my wish and desire that this write-up would put the various departments of history in our Universities to task concerning this discourse.

Africans rely on oral history which gets adulterated and unreliable over time. With documented history, you are more likely to have your historical facts preserved. Bonny, Benin, Lagos and Calabar are parts of southern Nigeria with the most documented history.

Anyone outrightly claiming Bonny and Opobo as ijaw territory is absolutely ignorant. A lost of revisionism has taken place and is still going on, so much that even people that originated from these places are confused about their origin.

I have heard people talk about acculturation of Jaja of Opobo into ijaw culture whatever that means.
Language is one of the basic indentifier of peoples origin and the pertinent questions is how come most of these people speak igbo if they are not igbos?

I would do a write up when I return to base with hard-coded historical facts on the true identity of the Bonny and Opobo people. Rich history to the tiniest detail.

Meanwhile, I will like to challenge any interested person to a live debate on the identity of Bonny and Opobo people.

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