joery6:
13.
The bathing soap Nigerians have turned into washing soap.





Has anyone actually used it to bath?

JUSTbuchi:
Health prefect


All my teachers then always told me they held the post of senior boy and senior girl respectively during their secondary school days......teachers sabi lie ehn

pmsconsult:
Finding a profitable employment in today's Nigeria can be quite challenging.

But if you are creative, industrious and believe in yourself, you can actually create your own reality, a well paying business for yourself.

At PMS Consult, we help with Empowerment moves to support individuals who wish to start a business in the Daily Needs Industry which involves products such as Insecticide, Soap, Perfumes, Bleach, Petroleum Jelly, Air- Freshener, Detergents, Germicide etc.

Take a look at a section of our highly detailed, well explained and comprehensive step-by-step production manual below.
Decide and get started today.

For details/enquiries/help, Send an email to pms.consult.nig@gmail.com


PMS CONSULT - BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERIES Vol. 2 DAILY-NEEDS PRODUCTION BUSINESS

CHAPTER 3

3.0
PRODUCTION

About This Chapter
This section discusses in detail how to develop or create specified daily need chemical products through a step by step procedural analysis.

3.0.1
PRODUCTION
Production is the conversion either manually or automatically of raw materials into finished goods ready for consumption.

Most daily need industries rely on chemical components for the production of their highly demanded, domesticated daily need products.

Simple as some of the production procedures may seem, extreme caution must be applied when working with raw chemicals.

Warning!
PMS CONSULT is primarily concerned about safety at all levels.

Before proceeding with a chemical related production,
Be sure to have read about the nature, properties and harmful effects of the active ingredients in the composition of the chemical product.

For technical and general details about mentioned chemicals,
See chapter 2 of this manual.

3.1
Factory Setup
A factory is a place, premises or confinement where raw materials are processed resulting in the production of finished products are assembled or produced through the use of raw materials, equipment, man power and skills.

Interestingly enough, daily needs production business can be started from the home front using the little available space in the garage, backyard or a corridor.

3.2
SIMPLE SAFETY RULES

3.2.1
About Children
A factory space, no matter how small, must be protected against the reach of children and unwanted visitors.
This is because working with chemicals can be dangerous and all caution must be exercised at all times.

3.2.2
Injury to Personal Health
Owing to the possibility of the presence of hazardous escaping gases, a chemical products factory must necessarily be a well ventilated airy operating area.
The use of rooms with small windows or poor ventilation must be avoided.
Warning! Do not rely on electric Fans for ventilation. Fans will only re-circulate the already poisoned air, but natural air will conduct the poisoned air away.

3.2.3
Wrong Results
The factory space must be able to shelter both the production area and the storage area against direct sunlight. This is especially important as the invisible spectrum of the Sun’s rays (UV and IR) act as catalysts either igniting a chemical reaction or interfering with the production process.

3.2.4
Public Health Problems
Adequate sheltering must protect against rain water and floods.
Rain water, if allowed, will dilute chemicals resulting in faulted productions.
Floods on the other hand, are considered dangerous as they could wash residue chemicals or waste chemicals found on the floor of the factory into nearby public streams and water systems. This may have unpredictable public health implications.

3.2.5
Explosions
Naked flames, use of candles and tools that give off an electrical spark should never be allowed near or inside the factory space.
Any of these could ignite an explosion as must chemical product factories usually have an air of escaping flammable gases around it.
Often times, these dangerous gases are colorless and odorless making it difficult for their presence to be detected by the human sense of smell.

3.2.6
Escape Routes
The factory space must have large doors or multiple escape routes should there be an explosion or an accident.

3.2.7
Chemical Accidents
At least, 20 liters of clean water must be kept in a transparent plastic bucket with the cover on it. A large label bearing ‘CLEAN WATER’ must be placed on the bucket.
This water must never be used during the production process but should be placed strategically in the factory where it can easily be seen and reached.
The water will serve as a FIRST AID component in the event of a chemical spill or skin related accidents.
Wash the affected human part with as much clean water as possible and continue to wash or flush the affected parts with plenty of water for another 5 minutes non-stop.
This will allow the water molecules to penetrate the skin deeper and cool off the skin while neutralizing the harmful effect of the chemical spill.

3.2.8
Recommendations
For beginners, the best factory space is space under a canopy, with raised floor. This protects against direct sunlight and rain water. Also, it is very airy and escape is easy, should there be an accident.

3.3.1
Startup Equipment
While deciding the factory space is a matter of observing some basic safety rules, equipping the factory with necessary tools is a matter of economics (scale of production) and convenience.

Listed below are the recommended tools for beginner productions.
• A small table
• 3 numbers of calibrated 10 liter plastic buckets
• A calibrated mug
• A large turning stick
• Small sized turning stick
• A large sized funnel
• A small sized funnel
• A 100 liters plastic drum (Thick container with removable lid)
• A 25 liters keg
• A 50 liter keg
• Paper tape for labeling containers (Masking tape)
• Protective insulation gloves (Not clinical gloves!)
• A few collections of empty plastic bottles (e.g. ‘EVA’ bottles)
• Various small kegs for keeping chemicals or products
• A small plastic bowl ( up to 5 liters)
• A basing containing water for washing the hands
• A small towel for drying hands
• A clinical nose mask
• A lockup cupboard for chemical storage
• A good source of clean water

While most of the items listed above are self explanatory, the last two shall be further explained.

3.3.2
The Lockup Cupboard:
This should be a large cupboard with locks.
Raw chemicals, properly labeled, should be arranged neatly and locked up in the cupboard at all times. The keys to the cupboard must never be left in wrong hands, as colorless, odorless liquid chemicals could easily be mistaken for drinking water.

3.3.3
Good Source of Water:
Water is a major raw material in the production process.
Apart from the fact that the water used must be clean, odorless and colorless; it must also be available in large quantities. In other words, it should not be scarce or insufficient.
It is good practice to arrange with a local portable water supply company for fresh, clean supplies.
Also, while well water may be adequate for soap production, it can not be used in the production of medical products such as antiseptics. The water used must be free of particles and germs.

3.4.1
The Need for a Laboratory
The factory is the place to assemble raw materials and bring forth finished products ready for the market.
In today’s competitive market, every manufacturer needs to improve the quality of their existing products and innovate on new ways to present their products.

Product innovations are simply impossible without the help of a series of laboratory experiments and a well understood table of results.

Every chemical products manufacturer needs a laboratory to work hand in hand with the production factory.
Although laboratory equipment is expensive, a beginner could easily set one up without much difficulty.

3.4.2
Laboratory Setup
A laboratory is a place, premises or confinement where experiments and tests are carried out as a means to improving and existing product or creating a new one.

3.4.3
Simple Lab Equipment Needed
• A jotter
• A pen
• A ruler
• This training manual
• Other relevant books or articles
• Calibrated Mug
• A clinical nose mask
• A spoon representing ‘spatula’
• Several small glass cups (tumblers) representing scientific test tubes
• Transparent plastic containers representing scientific beakers
• The key to lockup cupboard containing raw chemicals
• Small Table

3.4.4
Using the Laboratory
Armed with the keys to the existing lockup chemical storage cupboard and the existing small table in the factory space, the addition of a few extra items as listed above could make up a powerful ‘in-house’ laboratory.

There is no need for an extra space as the factory space can double as a laboratory when productions are not in progress.

3.4.5
Research
While production relies on already acquired skills and knowledge, research and development relies on the strength of test of theories and new discoveries.
This is why the most important tools needed for the laboratory include this manual, other relevant books and indeed any source of useful technical information on raw materials and various production processes.

3.4.6
Tests
The jotter, pen, table and other physical items help to facilitate carrying out series of simple tests to find new or better ways to fine-tune products.

Sample tests:
A sample test could involve trying to see which color (‘coloring’) or fragrance brings a better appeal to a product.

A test on profitability could involve bringing several samples of plastic bottles quoted as ’50cl’ together and filling each of them with the same measure of ordinary water.
Using the calibrated mug, 50cl of water is measured out and poured into each plastic bottle respectively.

It will be shocking to discover that although all the bottles were quoted as ‘50cl’ containers, some will accommodate less than 50cl while some might accommodate up to 70cl!
For reasons of profitability, packaging products in 70cl bottles and selling at 50cl pricing is considered bad for business.

3.4.7
Results
Putting the same liquid product in several glass cups, each with a different ‘coloring’, the beginner can find out which of the color variants will find better acceptance with consumers by first sampling the opinion of friends, family and neighbors.

Each response is taken down in the jotter and tabulated against the others.
The final result will indicate which of the variants will sell best to consumers.

A good manufacturer does not rely on personal instincts or preferences for production variables such as size, color, scent, texture etc., but relies on results from public surveys and lab tests. After-all, the product was meant for the public.

The ability to properly utilize a laboratory, record and analyze results is headway to quickly achieving success in the daily needs production business.

3.5
About Measurements
Whenever measurements are given for raw chemicals to be used, the beginner should not feel jittery about the lack of measuring equipment or scales.
This is because chemical merchants already possess those machines and chemicals are retailed out at measured units. If the reader is a medium scale manufacturer who needs to buy larger quantities of chemicals, however, it becomes pertinent to have all necessary measuring equipment installed at the factory.

At this beginner level, liquids will be measured with the calibrated mug and calibrated plastic buckets while the powdery solid chemicals (sold in kg units), will be divided into ratios.
Hence, ¼ Kg means divide the 1kg chemical into four equal portions, then, use one of the portions as ¼ Kg.

3.5.
THE PRODUCTION PROCESS
Although most of the chemical substances that are used in the production of daily need house hold products are technical in nature; their production can surprisingly be easy and straight forward if their chemical nature have been well understood and handling rules duly observed.

Typical products can be gotten within a few minutes if the production process is error free.

3.5.1
LIQUID SOAP
Production of 25 Litres of Liquid Soap
To produce 25 litres of liquid soap, a 50 liter plastic drum is needed.
This is because during the production process, the mixture foams and swells greatly.
After a few hours however, the mixture settles down to its calculated 25 litres volume.

3.5.2
Chemicals needed
... (truncated, end of preview. Get the full manual.)
Order for the full manual today Send an email to pms.consult.nig@gmail.com

mymide:
We are PET bottles manufacturer recently opened for business in Lagos with an install capacity of a minimum of 60,000 bottles per day. Our machines are very efficient and we guarantee you good and quality product. Talk to us today for your orders on 08036240905 and 08180762959 or email us at info@pentasyslimited.com.

Thank you.

knowledge4:
Dinggle,
Thanks for the safety information provided.
A business that can be operated without electricity,which product is in demand,and can be set up with low funds is good business for anyone to do in our type of economy where many are poor and jobless and no access to capital and bank credits.
However the challenge will be too many producers due to low entry costs and perhaps a saturated soap market. What will then make the difference is one's marketing ability to sell,having a unique selling point,and ability to produce a good quality product.
From what i have learnt on this thread, a soap must be safe for the users,dangerous chemicals should be avoided in the production
How much is the training?
Actually, i am interested in Bar Soap for laundry and Powder Detergent.
How much would it cost to set up the machinery for soap production?
Please shed more light on the training and machine set up.

Ibelong2God:
Hmm.
End time bokoharam led to
endtime camp.
Endtime camp led to endtime love
endtime love led to endtime wedding,
and endtime wedding led to endtime couple.

What an endtime.





End time couple leads to end time children,
End time children leads to end time future
End time future leads to end time generation!!!!
Hmnnnn!!!! Irony of life

greatbalesh:
1. KWASU
2. UNIZIK
3. UNILORIN
4. UNIOSUN
5. FUTO
6. RSUST
7. UNN
8. FUTA
9. UNIBEN
10. NDUu

Feel free to long the list

powerfulsettingz:
Pastors on sneakers? Idonbliveit
Going to check this out

Vanquay:
Icant stand intimacy gadgets .I dumbed one of my Caucasian exes because of that. If my D*** isn't good enough. I sweardon nothing fit satisfy you

adwem2003:


Lmao . Wise response.

SisiGbeborun:
Fred is on the verge of losing it right now. He's been married for close to 3 years but after their wedding night, his wife has since moved to the guest room and that's where she's been sleeping. All efforts to get her to occupy her side of the bed in the master bedroom proved abortive. She maintained that she needs her privacy by all means. Even when they have to make love, Fred will have to go and meet her in the guest room. It seems the situation is getting out of hand now. Please advise....

HsLBroker:
The simplest way to calculate the numbers of blocks you need for your fence project, assuming you are fencing a land measuring 120 feet by 60 ft, a standard plot

This calculation is based on 9 inches block fence .
The measurement we are using is 120 ft (length) and since we have two lengths that is multiply by 2 which is 240 ft. (120 x 2) = 240

The breadth is 60 ft and also since we have 2 breadths that equal 120 ft (60 x 2) = 120
Then (240 + 120) that is 360 feet perimeter line fencing.

The calculation

(we are to convert this 360 feet to inches ) since a foot is 12 inches , now let us multiply 12 inches by 360 ft which is 4320 inches.

Now to get the line numbers of blocks that will go around the fence perimeters of 4320 inches or 360 feet, we would need to divide 4320 by 18 inches, since the length of any block be it 6 inches or 9 inches is 18inches.

Now 4320 inches divide by 18 inches is approximately 240 line of blocks , then we must multiply that by the numbers of coaches of blocks you want for your height, assuming 7 ft which is 9 coaches that means 240 multiply by 9 which is 2160 blocks and that is all you need anything aside from this is fake and fraud, this calculation is derive by me professionally and i have been using it without any mistake, but always remember to add 10 % of blocks to it because of broken blocks, and for this work, you only need 30 bags of cements, one bag of cement to 70 blocks, is standard.

for your pillars between the fence, let assume 6 blocks far from the next pillar, that means 6 divide by 240 which is 40 pillars, 1 bag of cement to 2 pillars standard, that is 17 bags plus 40 bags that is 47 bags is need by me to do this fence, if i'm in position and you should also to add 15 bags for floor blinding of the fence making 62 bags of cement.

Then, we need to minus the gate and the pillars that are also taking space in the fence.

The gate is 12 ft, let us assume the gate columns or pillars is 14 inches each, we have 2 pillars holding the gate, that is 28 inches or 2. 4 feet plus 12 feet that is 14.4 feet or approximately 15 feet.

Remember we already calculate the pillars that 40 pillars is need for the measurement.

Each pillar or column for 9 inches concrete is 9 inches square, 9 x 40 = 360 inches that is (30 feet + 15 feet = 45 feet ) / 18 inches = 30 blocks multiply by the number of coaches, 30 x 9 = 270 block minus 2160 blocks = 1890 blocks in total.

40 lengths of 12mm iron rod, since one pillar is equivalent to 1 length.

3 lengths of 16mm iron rod for the 2 big pillars holding the gate.

90 planks of soft wood for the framing.

1 truck of granite (granite would be use for the wall foundation and columns)

5 trucks of sharp sand

Thanks for the opportunity giving me to explain this simple arithmetic.

Regards
Adeniyi
Life Light Properties
08088574969, 08182481552
lifelightproperties@gmail.com