₦airaland Forum

asanausana91:
go and find out about Buhari government before talking rubbish. No government since 1999 has done what Buhari did on infrastructure. Go and check how many air craft buhari buy for the airfoce. No government has ever spent what Buhari spend on security.
Stop talking rubbish.

Spending so much yet no result,you can never support APC without sounding so stupid anyway.

Buhari that love his brothers and sisters did put us in a mess that we are in today and thank God for Tinubu that brought us a failure in Buhari.

Perfectbeing:
The stoning happened in Igbo land did it?

And see your double standard.
What act did the Fulanis do that made them the enemy?
Was James Onanefe a Fulani that stole billions from Delta State and was sentenced to prison terms in UK?
Was Powei a Fulani enemy that stole billions and pretend to faint on national TV when he was queried?
Was the it the Fulani that killed Chike Akunyili (husband of Dora Akuniyili)?
Was it the Fulani enemies that killed those soldier couple in the SE?

Speaking of Fulani enemies, was Atiku not a Fulani when Peter Obi contested as his vice in 2019?

What would have happened if Atiku had won?
Do you realise he'd be President with Peter Obi as his vice?

You nor even know where dey pain you.

The igbos melted worse treatment to Ekweremadu in Germany so if Awolowo received such treatment as you claimed then that means igbos would correct any anomalies irrespective of whosoever is involved.
The fulanis has been in charge of this country with nothing tangible to show for it and they even believe the country to be their birthright so politically they are our enemy.
Prior to 2015 election worst thing was been done to Jonathan by yorubas and hausas so I guess Jonathan and Bayelsans should have a good reason to hate the yorubas and hausas for life since stoning Awolowo is your yardstick for measuring hatred.

You dare mention Akunyili, did igbos killed Funso Williams right there in Lagos? Was Kudirat Abiola got murdered in igboland? Did Oladipupo Diya got imprisoned by an igboman?

Perfectbeing:
The Fulani enemy didn't stone Awolowo when he campaigned in the North. The friendly Igbos did.

And were you able to profile them to be igbos? What year was that if I may ask? And you mean that singular act automatically made igbos become yoruba enemy? Your sense of reasoning should be examined bros.
We are thinking on how best to move a country forward but people like you would prefer an enemy just to spite igbos...nah wa o.

Dapson73:
Your mom is the best you can have.

Those igbos hate Yoruba for no just cause.

Your mom deserves an award.

Igbos don't hate yorubas, fulanis should rather be the common enemy but yorubas would rather embrace their enemy and they will see igbos as the new enemy.

OptimmusPrimme:
Shut up your mouth! There’s no way you will agree on price with any Hausa/Fulani man and he’d later turn around to reneged on the agreement. We all know the only stupid ethnicity that is fond of doing such.

I have never seen any of your stupid people correcting themselves in any wrongdoing. You will always team up to cover your crimes & wrongdoings.

Stupid people with entitlement mentality. They will go and start trouble and when the consequences of their ill-thought actions boomerang, they’ll start running helter-skelter trying to play the victim.

Their vacuous ancestors did the same thing and 3Million souls were slaughtered at the abattoir.

I wish this incident had occurred in the core North so that the Hausa/Fulanis could impart into your empty skulls - the bitter lessons that would have rebooted & corrected the evil ideological indiscipline & decadence that you inherited from your parents.

Just imagine the bitterness your parents passed on to you, I'm sure Deborah that was killed in Sokoto is also from the tribe you hate with passion.
You better purge yourself from the bitterness your parents trained you with before it consumes you.

That's it.

Wetin konsain the man with your woman period to the extent say him even send tears emoji?...
The truth be say the man dey feel bad say him no go fit knack your woman sake of say the flow go disturb the knacking...

Tingotoe:
I've got a good reason to vote against Peter Obi and that's the Pandora papers

Feel free to take him to court regarding that.

If your wife is still dressing naked or having excuse to stand naked even after you'd moved out of your old neighborhood then I guess that's a habit but if she stopped immediately you people moved out then definitely she was showing that single niggar in your old neighborhood something in the middle...

ThinkWISELY:
Happy Sunday,even as everywhere right for me now ,I woke up very positive today and I’m very happy about it.


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iPhone 14 Pro 128GB = 1,150,000 Naira
iPhone 14 Pro 256GB = 1,200,000 Naira
iPhone 14 Pro Max 128GB = 1,370,000 Naira
iPhone 14 Pro Max 256GB = 1,550,000 Naira
iPhone 14 Pro Max 512GB = 1,850,000 Naira
iPhone 14 Pro Max 1TB = 1,950,000 Naira.

Contact for inspections and pick up.
Delivery nationwide also available.

I'll ThinkWISELY so you don't expect me to buy such frivolities you are selling.

Dem use amadioha(sango) swear for the niggar.

All they want is a better life for the children they'll be bringing to this world, the old order failed us and now we are ushering the new order...PO is the starboy in town.

Should I tell him the truth?...

BATified2023:
u igbos will cry fire

So anyone supporting PO is automatically an igbo? I would have supported Osinbajo if he were to be on the ballot papers but you see that greedy Tinubu will never have my support.

It's time for the people to take over, we are more than the politicians and now is the time to give democracy it true definition.

Just imagine Osinbajo joining forces with PO, Tinubu go just cry tire...

planmarket:
How To Determine Concrete Mix Ratio In Relation To The Number Of Head Pans Of Sands And Gravels That Is Actually Needed For A Bag Of Cement.
concrete mix ratio 1:2:4In a bid to understand how to determine concrete mix ratio in relation to the number of head pans of sands and gravels that is actually needed for a bag of cement.


Concrete mix ratio is widely use by civil engineers to define the relationship between cement, sands and gravels.

Over the years concrete mix ratio have being use by many civil engineering authors to mean the quantity of cement in relation to the quantity of sands and gravel that will result in maximum strength at a particular period of time usually 28 days.

Having this in mind it therefore means that care must be taking when deciding the concrete mix ratio to use at construction site and how to convert it into bags for cement and head pans for sands and gravels.

To understand the concept of concrete mix ratio, the concept of concrete mix design can not be under estimated. If you will like to know more about concrete mix design in details please check Nigeria manual on (Concrete Mix Design the first of it kind)

For the purpose of this article, i will be explaining some terms that will be use to help us understand better the concept of concrete mix ratio.

Concrete Mix Design
This could be explained as a step by step method of achieving the right materials needed to produced a specific strength of concrete mix. For the purpose of our discussion i am going to limit it to how you can determine concrete mix ratio at site using a specific concrete grade.

Concrete Mix Ratio
As earlier explained, it is the relationship that connects cement,water, sand and aggregated together that will result in a good concrete grade

Concrete Grade (C)
Concrete grade can be explain to be the different minimum comprehensive strength of concrete at a specific period of time usually 28 days under a quality control situation.

Characteristic strength of concrete (Fcu)
This could be explain as the comprehensive strength which the concrete must develop after 28 days of curing before failing to crushing.

Concrete Curing
methods of curing concreteOn the other hand is the process of ensuring that the concrete in question receives adequate moisture content and temperature in other to result in its maximum strength and durability after certain period of time.

Now that we have gotten clear understanding of the above terms lets begin by making reference to different grade of concrete in relation to their mix ratio and strength after specific period of time.


The BS code recommend that different concrete grade should be use for different purpose of construction work. These concrete grade will need to be converted in their mix ratio which will then be used at construction site. There are different types of concrete mix which are nominal mix and design mix. The nominal mix are always specified by volume and they are most widely used concrete mix in Nigeria today.

On the other hand the design mix is a more economical way which is done in the laboratory by using weight of different constituent materials to determine the strength or grade of concrete to be used at site.

The confusing part of the concrete mix ratio is that most young engineers, builders and masons do not know how to relate the mix ratio into bags for cement and head pans for sands and gravels. For the purpose of this article we will be looking at some specified grade of concrete and their mix ratio.

Note: the cement grades of 32.5 and 42.5 popularly used in Nigeria is not taking into account for this analysis.

The Grade are :
Grade C-10 which has a concrete mix ratio of 1:4:6
Grade C-15 which has a concrete mix ratio of 1:3:5
Grade C-20 which has a concrete mix ratio of 1:2:4
Grade C-25 which has a concrete mix ratio of 1:1.5:3
Now that we know the relationship between the concrete grades and mix ratio. it simply mean that if you must produce a concrete grade of say C-20, you will need a mix ratio of 1 head pan of cement : 2 head pans of sands : 4 head pans of gravels.


This is just the simple truth, but the confusion here is that cement is always measured in bags at construction site instead of head pans. So the question here is how do we determine the number of head pans of sands and gravels that is actually need for a bag of cement giving the concrete grade to be C-20 and the concrete mix ratio to be 1 : 2 : 4

With reference to Building Contractor Secrete, one bag of cement should be able to fill 2 head pans full of cement. If this is correct it therefore means that for every :

1 head pans of cement we will need 2 head pans of sand and 4 head pans of gravels to produce the required concrete grade.

Mathematically;

1 pan of cement = 2 pans of sand = 4 pans of gravels
1 pan of cement = 2 pans of sand = 4 pans of gravels

if we add the above together we will have;

2 pans of cement = 4 pans of sand = 8 pans gravel

but remember 2 pans of cement = 1 bag of cement

therefore;

1 bag of cement = 4 pans of sand = 8 pans of gravel
This simply mean for every 1 bag of cement you will need 4 head pans of sand and 8 head pans of gravel to give you a concrete strength that will be equal to grade C-20 equal to 20 N/mm2


If you convert this to wheel barrow it means for every 1 bag of cement you will need 1 wheel barrow of sand and 2 wheel barrow of gravel to give the concrete grade strength of 20 N/mm2 This is the minimum standard that is suppose to be used at site during construction.

You can check the video for more explanation.


In Nigeria most construction site use below this minimum standard by using concrete mix ratio which reduce the concrete grade strength below grade C-10, for instances;

A concrete mix of 1 bag of cement with 10 head pan of sand and 12 head pans of gravel will give you a mix ratio of 1 : 5 : 6 which falls below concrete grade C-10

A concrete mix of 1 bag of cement with 8 head pans of sand and 10 head pans of gravel will result in a mix ratio of 1 : 4 : 5 which is greater than grade C-10 but less than grade C-15.

These two concrete mix describe above is what is generally use at most construction site in Nigeria. What this mean is that most construction site uses below the minimum concrete grade for reinforce concrete which is against the Nigeria design mix manual and British code of practice.


The use of concrete grade below the minimum standard should not be encourage. This could be as a result of high cost of cement or inability to deduce the right volume of materials needed to be use for a bag of cement.

Finally, proper care and steps should be taking by the Authorities in charge like COREN, NSE and others to educated the Nigerian artisan, craftsmen, masons and fresh graduate engineers of the danger of using sub standard concrete mix ratio, and educate them on how they can achieve the right concrete mix ratio for a bag of cement.

I hope this will help young engineers, builders and masons in making proper decision on how many head pans of sand and gravel that will be needed for 1 bags of cement to produce a minimum concrete grade of C-20, if you have any comment or want to improve in what i have on ground please feel free to help someone today or contact us now

Ride on comrade.

Onucs:
Lol, imagine your mentality

What has the queen done for Nigeria other than wrecking it?

If I was the president, I wouldn't even send a condolence message.

She deserves to rot in hell if hell exists.

Now that the queen is gone I hope Nigeria can now pick up their pieces...
Una dey do unaself still dey claim say nah person dey do una.

Wish Osinbajo was the APC presidential candidate flagbearer...however,Obidient is still better than sacrifice.

jnrbayano:
CNN announces the imminent resumption of campaign season for the upcoming 2023 elections in Nigeria highlighting the four front line political parties and their respective Presidential standard bearers

The Labour Party (LP) had the name of Peter Obi
The All Progressive Congress (APC) had Kashim Shettima
The Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) had Atiku Abubakar
The New Nigeria Peoples Party (NNPP) had Rabiu Kwankwaso

However, the Standard Bearer for APC is Bola Tinubu.

What does this "error" mean?

That Tinubuku is just a place holder for the Bokoharam man...

phatriqk:
Africans need to outgrow this mentality, inferiority complex, most powerful nation my ass, aside nuclear weapons nothing US has against other nations, take away their nuclear weapons and see how weak and vulnerable the US is, if it wasn't for corruption Nigerian military would have been on par with the US.

You say wetin?
Nigeria military wey dey collect wotowoto from dem Shettima boys.

Allow baba to RIP please!...

Tinubu was only resting, why can't you folks allow him to RIP?...

When you need those headslammers to do justice they won't be nowhere to be found.
Deborah did not even do anything but they killed her now here is a real Chinese killer-man ...

mojorsls:

---

You built house inside bush...

Abacha that looted Nigeria dry and Buhari that help finish us kpatakpata...
This Shettima and his principal will just be opening mouth 'waaaaaaa'!!

You mean bokoharam-port?...

The child parents are indeed stubborn, the pupil can always wear the socks when he gets within the school premises nah.

Well!

Rozross:
Peter Obi will not even win in south east. I wonder why a man will choose to labour in vain. It’s like a man with orchitis asking to participate in a race competition, is that not juju �

How about a man with shaky-shaky body asking to become my president?...