Samuk's Posts
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UGBE634:You have to be careful, being a realist doesn't mean one should negate the facts. Ika will be Igbo if they say so themselves. I recently listened to Atiku Abubakar referring to the entire south as being populated by Igbo and yoruba people. Are you Igbo or yoruba? To the average Northerners, a Southeasterner is either Igbo or yoruba. To the average Southeasterner, all Northerners are Hausa, it's this over simplification that gave birth to the WaZoBia fallacy were everything Nigeria is seen from the tripod of Hausa, yoruba and Igbo. As advanced has the United Kingdom, they never accept one ethnicity. The Scottish, Welsh and Irish guard their cultural heritage jealously, they even maintain separate national sporting teams and Parliaments. This is the way Nigeria should go. Majority of Ika and Ikwerre don't see themselves as Igbo. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3ANmx2mhOU |
UGBE634:Ogiefa family palace is in Benin. Benin history is too deep for some of these guys. |
Kc3000:By 1875 Ibos were already migrating to Asaba, they eventually overwhelmed the original Asabans who were not Ibo. Chukwuma Nzeogwo was a descendant of Ibo migrants in then mid West Region. They wanted to extend their overbearing attitude and domination to the North by killing Sarduana and Tafawa Balewa. The North and other Nigerians who foresaw the danger of the Igbos fought back and ensure they lost their political and military positions in Nigeria after the war. |
Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Genealogy and Nativity "Thus, in tracing my paternal lineage, I could say that both parents of my father are direct descendants of Eze Chima. As for me, I can trace my paternal ancestry in this wise: I am the first son of Chukwuemeka, who was the third child and first son of Azikiwe, who was the second son of Molokwu, who was the third son of Ozomaocha, who was the second son of Inosi Onira, who was the fourth son of Dei, the second son of Eze Chima, the founder of Onitsha." SOURCE - Nnamdi A zikiwe: My Odyssey, Chapter I (Spectrum Books, 1970) "My Genealogy and Nativity" p4 "I can trace my maternal ancestry thus: I am the first son of Nwanonaku Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu (Aghadiuno)Azikiwe, who was third daughter of Aghadiuno Ajie, the fifth son of Onowu Agbani, first daughter of Obi Udokwu, the son who descended from five Kings of Onitsha. Five of these rulers of Onitsha were direct lineal descendants of Eze Chima, who led his warrior adventurers when they left Benin to establish the Onitsha city state in about 1748 AD." SOURCE - Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey, Chapter I (Spectrum Books, 1970) "My Genealogy and Nativity" p5 "One day I asked her (grandmother) the meaning of the word 'Onitsha'. She explained that it had historical significance. The terminology meant one who despised another. It is a contraction of two words, Onini to despise, and Ncha meaning others. So that the two words when joined together mean one who despises others. Then I asked her why we despised others. She patted me on the back and told me that it was due to our aristocratic background and tradition. I insisted that she should explain to me the basis of this supercilious social attitude. She told me that we despised others because we descended from the Royal House of Benin and so regarded ourselves as the superiors of other tribes who had no royal blood in their veins....." "I continued to belabor my grandmother to tell me more of the history and origins of the Onitsha people. She narrated that many many years ago, there lived at Idu (Benin) a great Oba who had many children. Due to a power struggle regarding the right of precedence among princes of the blood and other altercations, there was a civil war in Benin. One day, the supporters of one of the princes insulted and assaulted Queen Asije, the mother of of the Oba of Benin, who was accused of having trespassed on their farmland. Enraged at this evidence of indiscipline and lawlessness, the Oba ordered his war chief and brother, Gbunwala Asije to apprehend and punish the insurgents. In the attempt to penalise them, Chima, the ultimate founder of the Onitsha city-state, a prince of the blood in his own right, led the recalcitrants against his Uncle, Gbunwala. This intensified the civil war which rent the kingdom of Benin in two and led to the founding of Onitsha Ado N'Idu....... ..." "As the great trek from Benin progressed, some did not have the stout heart of the pioneer-warrior, and decided to settle at different places, known today as Onitsha -Ugbo, Onitsha-Olona, Onitsha-Mili, Obior, Issele Ukwu, Ossomari, Aboh, etc..." SOURCE - Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey, Chapter I (Spectrum Books, 1970) "My Genealogy and Nativity" |
Below is what Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe said about Ezechima Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Genealogy and Nativity Bookmark and Share {Last Update August 2, 2022} "Thus, in tracing my paternal lineage, I could say that both parents of my father are direct descendants of Eze Chima. As for me, I can trace my paternal ancestry in this wise: I am the first son of Chukwuemeka, who was the third child and first son of Azikiwe, who was the second son of Molokwu, who was the third son of Ozomaocha, who was the second son of Inosi Onira, who was the fourth son of Dei, the second son of Eze Chima, the founder of Onitsha." SOURCE - Nnamdi A zikiwe: My Odyssey, Chapter I (Spectrum Books, 1970) "My Genealogy and Nativity" p4 "I can trace my maternal ancestry thus: I am the first son of Nwanonaku Rachel Chinwe Ogbenyeanu (Aghadiuno)Azikiwe, who was third daughter of Aghadiuno Ajie, the fifth son of Onowu Agbani, first daughter of Obi Udokwu, the son who descended from five Kings of Onitsha. Five of these rulers of Onitsha were direct lineal descendants of Eze Chima, who led his warrior adventurers when they left Benin to establish the Onitsha city state in about 1748 AD." SOURCE - Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey, Chapter I (Spectrum Books, 1970) "My Genealogy and Nativity" p5 "One day I asked her (grandmother) the meaning of the word 'Onitsha'. She explained that it had historical significance. The terminology meant one who despised another. It is a contraction of two words, Onini to despise, and Ncha meaning others. So that the two words when joined together mean one who despises others. Then I asked her why we despised others. She patted me on the back and told me that it was due to our aristocratic background and tradition. I insisted that she should explain to me the basis of this supercilious social attitude. She told me that we despised others because we descended from the Royal House of Benin and so regarded ourselves as the superiors of other tribes who had no royal blood in their veins....." "I continued to belabor my grandmother to tell me more of the history and origins of the Onitsha people. She narrated that many many years ago, there lived at Idu (Benin) a great Oba who had many children. Due to a power struggle regarding the right of precedence among princes of the blood and other altercations, there was a civil war in Benin. One day, the supporters of one of the princes insulted and assaulted Queen Asije, the mother of of the Oba of Benin, who was accused of having trespassed on their farmland. Enraged at this evidence of indiscipline and lawlessness, the Oba ordered his war chief and brother, Gbunwala Asije to apprehend and punish the insurgents. In the attempt to penalise them, Chima, the ultimate founder of the Onitsha city-state, a prince of the blood in his own right, led the recalcitrants against his Uncle, Gbunwala. This intensified the civil war which rent the kingdom of Benin in two and led to the founding of Onitsha Ado N'Idu....... ..." "As the great trek from Benin progressed, some did not have the stout heart of the pioneer-warrior, and decided to settle at different places, known today as Onitsha -Ugbo, Onitsha-Olona, Onitsha-Mili, Obior, Issele Ukwu, Ossomari, Aboh, etc..." SOURCE - Nnamdi Azikiwe: My Odyssey, Chapter I (Spectrum Books, 1970) "My Genealogy and Nativity" |
gregyboy:I don't think I still have the link, it's been years, but a search on the Internet should yield something. |
Logicisfree2:Infact they were actually after the entire Nigeria, it was Sadauna of Sokoto resistance in the 1950 that partly resulted in him been killed by Igbo military officers after independence. Since they can no longer dominate northern Nigeria, they are now eyeing the south South. Like I said before Edo and Delta are bigger than the entire south east in size. |
Igboid:Who are we that you are referring to, Biafra? Since when did losers of war become magnanimous? The dream of Biafra was on a life support when you lost the civil war and was finally killed when the south South was created. I understand your quest for land because just Edo and Delta (two state out of six south south states) are bigger in landmass than the entire five Eastern states. I repeat Edo and Delta are bigger than the entire south east in landmass. Win or lose Obi can't resurrect Biafra, the northern political and military structure of over 50 years can't be dismantled in 4 years of Obi even if he wins and it's a big if even though I agree that he will probably win more votes in Benin city than his Anambra due to the ditribalised nature of Benin. Biafra cannot be achieved by military means either, that was tried before and failed spectacularly and that was without south south as an entity/region. South East of 1967 that fought the civil war was far bigger than the south east of today. A good proportion of the Nigeria army of 1967 were pro Biafrans, it is not the same today. You can only romance the idea of Biafra in your head, that dream is long gone, dead and buried. Forget the no victor no vanquish statement by general Gowon, there was a Victor and a vanquish, Biafra lost far more people, territories and mineral resources that never be regained. Your military and political structure pre civil war was also lost. Guy/s wake up and smell the coffee, Biafra is long gone. Even if Nigeria decides to restructure, no south south state will agree to be part of south east. I don't see people like wike, okowa, etc surrendering their sovereignty to south east. Wike already see most south east governors as his boys and they follow him around like their master. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3ANmx2mhOU |
gregyboy:It's been a while, I am glad you learnt something. These interventions is often necessary every now and then for the sake of our future generations. There are people whose goals are to rewrite Benin history. Unfortunately for them, there are enough materials on the archives from late 1400s to late 1800s ( about 400 years) to prevent their revisionists agenda, all we have to do is to research them and use them as evidences to counter their lies. |
RedboneSmith:Are you really serious right now? There is no likely or maybe, forget your wishful thinking and go back to the page, it clearly states that Benin word for salutation and other phrases were still in use in 1875 Asaba by Asabans who claimed they migrated under the sovereign of the oba of Benin. No matter how you try to spin it, Ajayi Crowder who was the linguistic that help the Igbo language a great deal knew who was Ibo and who was not in 1875, and according to him, the Asaba people of 1875 were not Ibo, they were people who were still using Benin word and phrases and whose habits were different from that of the Ibos. Whoever you wish Asabans of 1875 to be, they were not Ibos according to Ajayi Crowder. Unless you can produce an eyewitness historical evidence that was written earlier than 1875 to support your position on this matter, you have no case. History is not guess work or wishful thinking, you have to supply material evidences to support your position and at this point none of you have any material to counter my Ajayi Crowder 1875 eyewitness historical accounts and evidence. All you have so far are, maybe, more likely, I think or I believe. In summary according to Ajayi Crowder 1875 1. Asabans were not Ibo 2. Asabans have habits that were different from Ibos 3. Asabans traditions says they migrated from the sovereign of the Oba of Benin 4. Asabans still used Benin word and phrases. Who was Samuel Ajayi Crowder? He was a linguistic giant who helped standardised the Yoruba and Igbo languages, his work help in the translation of the Bible in both yoruba and Igbo languages, so linguistically speaking, Ajayi knew who was Ibo and who was not in 1875. Side Note: The Ibo move in large numbers from their heartland of the south east to dominate Delta North and start to rewrite the history of the area, this was exactly what the Sadauna feared and spoke about in the 1950s that made him pursue his Northernization policy that put the North and her interests first to the exclusion of the Igbo who migrated to the North in large numbers. Igbo military boys eventually killed him and made Nigeria a unitary system under Ironsi, which later backfired. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6coimsqIyw |
bigfrancis21:The article is there for all to see, there is no maybe, it stated that Asaba tradition says that they migrated under the sovereign of the oba of Benin generations ago through the causes of war, meaning, there were several wars in Benin and Asabans migrated to Asaba. It further stated that Asabans were different from Ibo people which they became amalgamated. In 1875 Ajayi stated that Asabans who migrated under the sovereign of Oba of Benin were different people in habits from Ibo people which they were sharing the same space with. Did you not read this in the page? In 1875 the people Ajayi Crowder called Asaba people were not Ibo, the original Asabans had different habits from the Ibos, a clear distinction was made between Asaba people and Ibo people in 1875, go back and read the paragraph again. Similarly it could be said that Benin people who are different in habits to Igbo people inhabit Benin City. Ibadan people who have different habits from Igbo people inhabit Ibadan, Hausa people who are different in habits to Igbo people share Enugu with Igbo people, etc. In all the examples the Benin people remain the original owner/inhabitants of Benin City, same as Ibadan people owning Ibadan, same as Igbo being the original owners of Enugu, same as Asabans being the original owners of Asaba which they shared with Ibo in 1875 according to Ajayi Crowder. In 1875, two set of different people lived in Asaba, the Asaba people who their tradition says they migrated from under the sovereign of the Oba of Benin and another group of people call Ibo people. |
AreaFada2:You are right, GBD is doing great, I do give their leader encouragement whenever I can. |
AreaFada2:This is why sometimes I reply these guys to set the record straight. Education in Nigeria is currently nothing to write home about. We Edo people are also not doing enough, what stop each family from writing their own family history for a start, a project which I am already helping to finance within my own family. Our ancestors who came into contact with the Europeans as early as the 1400s didn't see the need to learn the art of writing, we are just lucky that early foreigners wrote aspects of our history, we can already see how those whose ancestors learn how to read and write starting from late 1800s are rewriting our history and mis-educating our people about our history. The Op even claim to be Edo. |
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bigfrancis21:
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bigfrancis21:Bishop Crowder on the Niger mission, 1875, page 538. |
odigbosky:I can assure you that you cannot find any book written before 1875 to support what you believe, besides it's not about what you believe, but what can be proven, we all are at liberty to believe whatever we choose to believe, the problem is the ability to support our believes with prove. The point is, there may be books written after 1875 by Igbo that claim Asaba as Igboid but this was not the case during Oba Ewuare. The Asabans claimed in 1875 that they migrated from Benin. |
[quote author=odigbosky post=117208422][/quote]It's almost impossible for you to use your present day observations to explain events of 300 years ago let alone 500 years ago. The world was a complete different place then. Your writeup is ridden with you think, you think....you will probably also think that the present king of England is of English ancestry because he speaks English and he is the king of England. The world doesn't or didn't work like that. You need to read more and do more research if you really want to learn instead of formulating your own theories using limited knowledge from your today's observations. In 1875 for example, Samuel Ajayi Crowder visited Asaba and documented that there were large Igbo migrating to Asaba and the indigene were fast loosing their Edo language, although few Edo words were still being used. This is 1875 and you are trying to think and formulate theories about what happened during the reign of Oba Ewuare more than 500 years ago. During the reign of Oba Ewuare, that entire area and beyond were mostly populated by Edo people before they were overwhelmed by other migrants. The above reference is a eye witness historical account of someone that was on ground in Asaba in 1875 and wrote what he saw, not what he thought. Although you will read Igbo writers that wrote in the 1900s claiming Asaba as original Igbo town. There are people that still claim Benin ancestry all over the South South to the middle belt, in comparison, Delta North was just another Benin empire towns and villages. The king we now know as Obi of Obolukwu was known in Benin as Ogie Oboro, if the title Obi existed then, Benin would have known and call him Obi Oboro. Perhaps you should ask yourself why the current king of Agbor changed his title from Obi of Agbor to Dein of Agbor and what was the title during Oba Ewuare, 500 years ago. |
RedboneSmith:The point of disagreement is you using the word Igbo. Perhaps what you should be saying is that Benin had a shared culture with one of the numerous tribes that later became Igbo. Igbo is a recent creation that borrowed and keep borrowing from her older neighbours. There is no doubt that the Edo language share numerous words and their meanings with what we now called Igbo, this is so because Edo tribe is part of what we now call Igbo, Igbo is a conglomerate of Edo, Ijaw, Ikwerre, Igala, Ibibio etc. Modern Igbo borrowed from these various culture and languages and not the other way round. America is a collection of various cultures and languages, America borrowed from Europe, Latin America, Africa, etc. The America English is based on England English. America borrowed from England linguistically and not the other way. The Modern Igbo language is a hybrid of other languages. There are numerous Edo words in Igbo language, I say Edo words because Edo is older, however Edo could have borrowed or be influenced by any of the older tribes that is now part of the wider Igbo nation. Igbo as a baby language couldn't have influenced a much older Edo just as a baby America couldn’t have influenced England English linguistically. Any word that is share between Edo and Igbo was contributed by the Edo people that are now part of the Igbo nation, likewise any words shared between modern Igbo and Ikwerre, same as Ijaw, Ibibio, Igala, etc. There are Igala words in Igbo language, not Igbo words in Igala language because Igbo is the hybrid. This is why an Edo, Igala, Ikwerre, Ijaw, Ibibio etc are able to pick few words from the modern hybrid Igbo language when it's spoken. Same way an Igbo speaker is also able to pick from various languages around her when they are spoken. Most Igbo word have their roots outside Igbo land, you can't say an Ikwerre word is linguistically Igbo, it's the other way round, an Igbo word could be linguistically Ikwerre, Ijaw, Igala, Edo, Ibibio, etc because these are some of the foundations or founding members of modern Igbo nation. The word Igbo didn't even exist few centuries back. If Nigeria is able to create a common language today, that language is likely going to borrow from the various ethnic nationalities that make up Nigeria and most of the words in the new language will have their roots in these various nationalities. The new Nigeria language will be the hybrid language. This is what Igbo is. What people like you are doing is trying to erase the contributions of other older cultures to the wider Igbo nation in your quest to build a pan Igbo nation, this is why some of you become very hostile to any Igbo that traces their origin outside the south east. This mentality is akin to the Nazi Adolf Hitler aryan race experiments that led to the second World War. Igbo is not a homogenous or monolithic tribe. The wider Igala nation knows their contribution to today's Igbo nation just the way the Edo nation knows her contribution to today's Igbo nation. Not all tribes in the south South you call Igbo is comfortable with the Igbo identity. |
RedboneSmith:You are trying to over simplify the discussion by saying Igbo word, Igbo is made up of various tribes, which of these numerous Igbo tribes did my ancestors borrowed the word Idumwun from. I am very sure that Idumwun is only confined to only those Igbo community that share close affinity or historical links with Benin and not the wider Igbo nation. I am sure numerous Igbo people don't use the word Idumwun and probably doesn't even know the meaning. You are committing the same logical fallacy as some of our yoruba neighbours by trying to play with similar words in both cultures in the name of etymology. Perhaps you should begin to research the etymological titles of obas of Benin who obviously had Edo names and let see how far you can go. Numerous Edo words and some of their meanings are buried in antiquity but they leave alot behind in other forms to show their origin. Since you insist that Edo borrowed the word from Igbo, please tell us which of the tribes of Igbo Benin borrowed it from and don't forget core Igbo are in the south east, Anioma/Ika have several Edo people. Even in the Igbo heartland of South East, there are community that traces their migrations back to Benin. So in telling us the Igbo tribes Benin borrowed the word Idumwun from, avoid those Igbo tribes that traces their origin to Benin. So Benin borrowed Idumwun from Igbo in the 1500s and spread it across the empire, don't forget Benin was already in Lagos by 1500s, a time that have no evidence of the word Igbo. The earliest Igbo writer Equiano didn't even mention his tribe as Igbo in the 1700s, about 200 years after Benin arrived Lagos. |
RedboneSmith:You said Idumwun have it's root in both Esan and Igbo but was quick to limit your Igbo to Anioma. Does Idumwun also have its etymological root in the several other tribes that make up the wider Igbo community. Igbo, like her Yoruba counterpart are modern conglomerates. Various tribes came together to form the wider Igbo nation. Each of these tribes brought with them their own contribution in terms of language, food culture etc to enriched the Igbo nation. So an ancient Edo/Esan, Igala Ibibio etc tribes that are part of Igbo today took some of their culture to Igbo land and some of these culture and traditions can still be recognised by their home lands. Idumwun is an Edo word that was contributed to Anioma branch of Igbo by Edo people that share the Anioma space with various other tribes, this is the reason Idumwun may not resonate with Igbo from Abia, Anambra or Imo. The Igbo language is still evolving, borrowing from various ancient and much older cultures around her. It's the aggregates of these various ancient cultures that gave birth to Igbo. It's possible that Benin could have pick something from one of those tribes that came together to form Igbo, but which of them. Every culture America borrowed from Europe still have their cultural roots in Europe. Idu, Idumwun have it's cultural roots in old Benin empire. Idumwun like you said means a community. The ancient Benin created several Idumwun across the empire, Idomota (Idumwun Ota) in Lagos means a community were people come together for a meeting/discussion, Idumagbo is another of such Lagos Benin community, even the present location of the Lagos (Benin) monarchy Idunganran. Benin created several Idumwun in eastern yoruba and Ika land. |
RedboneSmith:So the Benin decided to name a shrine Idu, incorporated Idu into Benin names and name a location/Town Idu because Igbo people call Benin people Idu. |
RedboneSmith:The name Idu was most likely taking to the east by easterners who may have either occupied same space or live in close proximity to the Benin. Most Benin shrines are ancient, in fact shrine to the gods or deity are no longer in vogue/popular. Igbo most have come into contact with Benin during the periods they were still know as Idu people and this is how the name was carried to the east. The Urhobo left Benin during the period Benin people were known as AKA people, this is why the Urhobo still call Benin AKA people. All this point to the time of contact in history of various groups with Benin. History of ancient Benin empire have verifiable historical references, this is why revisionists stories about Benin does not stand the test of time. The popular Ugbowo Road leading to UNIBEN for example, got it's name Ugbo Owo (farm of Owo) because that area was the location that was occupied and farmed by Owo people in ancient times. Benin/Igala connection was suppressed and revised in favour of Ife in Osun State. Benin Uhe was in Igala land. There's absolutely no reason for Benin to reference Igala in her history other than to tell the true history of the people and land. |
RedboneSmith:According to you Idu is an Igbo word, yet it's severally referenced in Benin, both in names of individuals, locations and shrine. Idu, AKA, Efa and Emehi are ancient Benin names. The fact that the Urhobo call Benin people AKA people doesn't mean its an Urhobo word, AKA like Efa, Emehi and Idu, all have verifiable historical landmarks in Benin. These verifiable historical references to these ancient names were not just created yesterday. The reason the Benin/Ife connection is having serious problems is due to lack of verifiable historical references in Benin. |
ChangedMan1999:There is a reason Ika people that know their history will not identify as Igbo. The reason lies in the ancient Benin empire word itself Igbon later corrupted as Igbo used to describe the people of South East. Igbon/Igbo is an old Benin word for South East people. During the 1800s, a large Igbo population migrated from the south east into Ika land as recorded by Ajayi Crowder in 1875. Until recently even Onitsha traditional elites didn't identify as Igbo, see Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe 1970 autobiography. Ignorant people shouldn't be twisting history. The Slav people of Eastern Europe don't deny their history. The old Benin empire true meaning of Igbon/Igbo has faded away but people should not twist history. If you are interested in the ancient Benin meaning of Igbon/Igbo, you have to do the research yourself. |
TAO11:You definitely have issues with the English language. Some means more than one, I stated that it will be difficult to have examples of the oba of Benin visiting private individuals outside of performing traditional rites and I also stated that it's so rare that there are not many examples in the last 100 years. Home work for you. Questions: 1. Research and tell us the numbers of times chief Igbinedion, the Esama of Benin was able to get visitations from the various Oba of Benin he served starting from Oba Akenzua II, Oba Erediawa and the current one, Oba Ewuare ll. 2. Research and tell us how many times the Ooni, Alaafin and several other yoruba Obas have visited the Esama of Benin. Show us just 5 examples of such private visits in the last 100 years, I will Show you multiple photos of the Ooni eating party rice in party. The Alake of Egba land did mentioned that the Oba of Benin hardly leaves his abode and it was also interesting how the Alake framed the oba of Benin relationship with Yoruba obas through Oranmiyan. He stated that Oranmiyan first started in Benin before moving to Oyo.....all the yoruba usual stories before that was skipped. Look at how yoruba people are excited that the oba of Benin visited a two time president, a visitation that have no other precedence in the last 100 years. Unfortunately there is nothing you guys can do with this. It doesn't score you extra points Benin descendant are still the leading traditional rulers of Lagos. They have formed a distinct identity for themselves just like their counterparts in the warri royalty and others places across Nigeria. The Benin descendants of Eko Islands were the landlords who others such as the Aworis paid royalties to. The Erelu of Lagos, chief Dosunmu have already settled this part of Lagos history. Benin people ‘owned’ Lagos, Aworis paid royalties to them —Erelu Abiola Dosunmu - Vanguard News - https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/12/benin-people-owned-lagos-aworis-paid-royalties-erelu-abiola-dosunmu/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyELCBM6ORQ What Ife had in the past was a chief priest/spiritual leader, the Ooni was the religious chief of Ifa, not king. The Alaafin of Oyo was the king of yoruba people of old. Hugh Clapperton 1826 accounts..... 1. "In the evening we had a visit from the king (Alaafin of Oyo), to thank me for the presents I had given him, and again to assure me of being welcolme; said that he wanted nothing, unless it was something that would speedily cause the submission of the rebels. He said that he had sent to his friend the king of Benin for troops to assist him in the war." - Hugh Clapperton, Journal of a Second Expedition Into the Interior of Africa, from the Bight of Benin to Soccatoo 2. "The kingdom of Benin was so powerful that the Alafin of Oyo, the head of the Yoruba people, told a British governor that even his predecessors had to pay tribute to its king." - Asibong Akpan Okon, The evolution of self-government of Nigeria (1955), p. 36 Asibong Okon was referring to this: "This Kingdom of Benin was at one time so powerful that the Alafin of Oyo, the head of the Yoruba people, told me that even his predecessors had to pay tribute to its King." - United Empire, Volume 2 (1911), p. 620 https://books.google.com/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=AE45AQAAMAAJ&dq=predecessors+pay+tribute This is the Lagos under Benin the Europeans visited in 1603. In 1603, Andreas Joshua Ulsheimer, a German surgeon, aboard a Dutch merchant ship, visited Lagos. According to his accounts, Lagos was a large frontier town surrounded by a strong fence and inhabited by "none but soldiers and four military commanders, who behave in a very stately manner." The Lagos visited by Ulsheimer and his trading colleagues nearly four centuries ago was in many ways highly developed. Each day its four commanders came together as a court and each day two envoys were dispatched to take decisions back to their ruler in Benin. To do so, Ulsheimer wrote, was a common practice in all towns under the suzerainty of Benin… --- "Josua Ulsheimer" cited in R. Smith, Kingdoms of the Yoruba (1969), p.74.
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TAO11:I believe what the guys are saying is that Oba of Benin doesn't normally visit individuals such as Obasanjo, then again, it could be argued that a two time president of a country (both as military head of state and civilian president) is not your regular individual. It will be difficult to find examples of the Oba of Benin visiting individuals outside of performing traditional rites. It's not true that the Oba of Benin doesn't leave his palace, past Obas lead the Benin army into the battle fields until it was stopped due to an incident.... Past Benin Oba such has Ehengbuda actually had a palace/court or what the Europeans referred to in Benin history as the king's house in garrison towns such as Lagos and others places dating back to the 1500s and possibly earlier. I am not sure if there are historic records of oba of benin visiting any yoruba oba or personality before the fall of Benin empire in 1897. Benin culture and traditions have been changing with time since 1897. You can't compare this singular visit to a personality of a two time president to the numerous daily, weekly visits of yoruba obas. Visits of oba of Benin to individuals are not common place, hence this debate, I will like to see similar examples of such visits in the last 100 years. |
THE WOMAN CALLED EMOTAN... Emotan who was born between 1380 and 1400, hailed from Eyaen village, close to the present day Aduwawa cattle market area, along the Benin-Auchi Road. The name her parents gave to her was Uwaraye. As a young woman she married Chief Azama of Ihogbe district, as his second wife. Uwaraye was considered indolent by her husband because she could not cook. She could not get pregnant either. Azama´s first wife, Arabe, handled the domestic chores and gave birth to all the children of the household. Azama soon nicknamed Uwaraye, Emitan, corrupted to Emotan, meaning lazy bones. She had a redeeming feature, though. She was good at helping to nurse and take care of the brood of the household. Emotan who could make evbarie´ (a soup seasoning condiment made from fermented melon seeds), and spin threads from cotton balls, began taking these plus some herbal products to sell at a stall opposite the city market (present day Oba market). When her husband died, she could not return to her parents home because they too had died of old age earlier on. She set up a hut to live in at her trading post opposite the market place. Her hut soon became a popular make-shift nursery for the children of families patronizing the market. She attended to the children's health and other needs selflessly without charging fees and the kids' parents soon could not have enough of her services. Some Historians are of the view that Emotan was a market woman who took care of little children, whilst their mothers were away buying and selling their wares in oba market. They refer to her as the woman who began the first "DAY-CARE CENTRE" in Benin City. At that period, Prince Uwaifiokun usurped the throne of the Benin kingdom, thereby denying his elder brother, Prince Ogun (Oba Ewuare I) his legitimate position as king. Prince Ogun in those times of travail, paid secret and nocturnal visits to Benin from his place of exile. After his ouster by his younger brother, Prince Ogun (Oba Ewuare I) found his way to the house of this beautiful woman opposite the market place in the city. She was powerful mystic and childless. She was also very loving and generous, hence It was in her nature, therefore, to agree to have Prince Ogun as her guest and to help him take back his stolen crown. On many occasions, this market woman called Emotan warned Ogun of impending dangers and advised him against interacting with some treacherous chiefs, who may reveal his whereabouts to his younger brother, who wanted him dead at all cost... On one occasion, Emotan had to go an extra mile spiritually, to hide prince ogun from his adversary. As soon as the army moved their search from the hut to other areas in the vicinity, Prince Ogun sneaked out, avoiding the path of the army and headed straight for the palace where he k!lled his usurper brother, Oba Uwaifiokun! The news of his action soon spread around the city. Ordinary citizens were supportive of his action, insisting that it was Ogun´s right to do what he did and expressing joy and hope that the tragedies of the recent past had ended because justice had prevailed. Emotan sent word to Ogun to stay put in the palace and consolidate his hold, while she continued the spiritual work from her home. So deep was her love and empathy for Prince Ogun. Within a few days, the Edion´isen had come around to show support to Ogun, eventually crowning him as the Omo N´ Oba Uku Akpolokpolo, Oba Ewuare. His divination title choice of ´Oworuare,´ alias Ewuare, could not have been more apt because it means, after the heat, the cooling effect of rain. Oba Ewuare appointed Emotan as the Iyeki ( leader of the authorized Ekpate guild), tasked with security matters in the market and with enforcing market rules. Emotan died not too long after Ewuare´s ascension to the throne of his forefathers. The Oba decreed that she should be buried in her hut. Later the grave was marked with an Uruhe tree and her deification as the conscience of justice was ordered by the king. Every celebratory procession in Benin, pays homage to her burial site. The first Uruhe tree (marker) survived for some three hundred years before it fell. The replacement Uruhe tree, survived for about one hundred and fifty years before an Iroko tree was planted to support it. A severe storm later fell both trees. Then, in 1954, Oba Akenzua II, in collaboration with the British Colonial authorities, commissioned a life size bronze statue of Emotan as a young woman. The befitting image was sculpted by Mr. John A. Danford, in his Chelsea, London, studio in 1951, from a miniature model cast by Igun Street artists.
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