Let us make some definitions,

FPSO, FSO, PP.

FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) and FSO (Floating Storage and Offloading) systems today have become the primary method for many offshore oil and gas producing regions around the world.

An FPSO is a floating production system that receives fluids (crude oil, water and a host of other things) from a subsea reservoir through risers, which then separate fluids into crude oil, natural gas, water and impurities within the topsides production facilities onboard. Crude oil stored in the storage tanks of the FPSO is offloaded onto shuttle tankers to go to market or for further refining onshore.

Most FPSOs/FSOs are ship-shaped and can be secured to the seabed via a variety of mooring systems, the choice of which is determined by the specific environment. They are suitable for a wide range of water depth, environmental conditions and can be designed with the capability of staying on location for continuous operations for 20 years or longer.

https://www.modec.com/business/floater/fpso/

Bonga without the topside

https://www.ship-technology.com/projects/bonga-fpso/

Going back to Bonga FPSO, even its carcass is a mountain on the sea

Important attributes of the WAD goat include its excellent adaptation to its native habitat, high fertility, and prolificacy. However, their most important attributes are their resistance to the important insect-borne disease, trypanosomosis (trypanotolerance), and to GI nematodes (see below). These attributes have enabled the predominantly small-scale rural goat keepers in the area to successfully rear, and continue to derive their sustenance from these animals without recourse to the use of trypanocides and anthelmintics, which are neither affordable nor available to most of them. Other breeds do not survive long in the humid zones of Nigeria, because they succumb rapidly to trypanosomosis.

It has also been suggested that the ability of goats to control challenge infections following a primary infection is weaker than that of sheep and that immunological memory following anthelmintic abbreviation of a primary infection and challenge does not last as long as in sheep [27]. Furthermore, although goats show evidence of immune regulation of GI nematodes, it is believed that they do not develop full immunological responsiveness until 12 months of age compared with 6 months for sheep [21, 28]. Importantly, WAD goats are different to other breeds in this respect, as shown by Ayeni [29] who found that WAD goat kids were able to mount strong immune responses to chicken red blood cells, comparable to adult goats, from three months of age. This suggests that WAD goats, which are usually fully sexually mature at 6-7 months of age [30], attain immunological maturity much earlier than most other goat breeds. In most caprine studies little attention has been given to possible differences between and within goat genotypes from different geo-climatic zones of the world in their responses to their core parasites and yet different breeds have adapted to radically different ecosystems, goat husbandry, production systems and parasite strains typically encountered under local conditions. It is unlikely that all breeds, as also all individuals within specific breeds, will respond identically to GI nematodes, nor indeed to any other infectious organisms. Some diversity in response to their native strains of parasites would be expected.

Chiejina, S.N., Behnke, J.M. The unique resistance and resilience of the Nigerian West African Dwarf goat to gastrointestinal nematode infections. Parasites Vectors 4, 12 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-4-12

https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-3305-4-12

Curiouscity:

This is someone's academic research article. You copied it here as if it is yours. PLAGIARISM!
Please include the author'(s) names or include the link to the original article.

Thank you for your observation. If you observe the thread very well, you will notice that there is a post that was hidden by BOTs. The concluding part of the article and the link were posted in that hidden thread. I was banned by Antispam BOTS. I sent mails to the moderators in the Agriculture section to lift the ban but i got no response and the ban was not lifted till this morning.
Now that the ban is lifted, i will continue the thread, including reposting the hidden post. Thanks again.

So I continued to be the medic on board our darling Surfer 1822. Soon, August came and it was time for me to go for my annual leave, so the company sent my reliever, another nurse. He came for orientation so that he can be acquainted with the structure and operations of the boat with me before he could be the sole medic.
I told him not to eat on his resumption date, possibly he forgot. He ate before he left home. He was very unlucky because the Sea was rough. He was sick all through the shift he brought out all the stomach content, at some point, there was nothing to bring out again except bilious content. He was so relieved when we got back to Niger dock in the evening. Immediately we touched the ground, he became better. He called his wife to prepare pap for him. The wife was so worried thinking what could make the husband want to eat pap in the evening.

One particular day, we were seabound as usual and many miles into the waters, we noticed a huge round object on the horizon. We knew something was amiss so we sped towards it. Some minutes later we got to the object, it was taller than our boat and half the length of the boat. The Captain said it must have drifted off a ship at the harbor. So we sent the diver to dive underneath it and attach a towing rope to it. The object was a big fender, A ship fender. We towed it to our location. Around mid-day, we were approached by two canoes. They were the search party for the fender. They narrated how they have been looking for the fender since daybreak. They showed us the picture of when the fender was in position by the ship's side. The Captain was convinced and we released the fender to them, they rewarded with some naira. The two canoes were not able to tow it so we told them, that we will bring it to the harbor on our way back to the land which we did but we wish we did not make that promise because the weight slowed us down.
October of the same year, It was time for me to step up on the ladder, I was redeployed to provide relief duty for the guys on the rig. CRI guys that were on the different Exxon rigs and platforms were the big guns then. When it is time for them to go on leave, a relief nurse will be raised from the pool.

FPSO of Bonga field

Shell decided on an FPSO development solution. The field has around 16 subsea oil-producing and water injection wells tied to the FPSO.

AMEC secured a £300m ($463m) offshore contract for the engineering design, fabrication, integration and commissioning of the 17,000t topside production facilities in 2001.

These were necessary to produce approximately 200,000 barrels of oil and 150 million standard cubic feet of natural gas a day.

The newly built hull arrived in the UK during the third quarter of 2002, following its construction in the Far East under a separate contract. The topsides were installed onto the hull to create the 300,000t FPSO.

The vessel achieved production of more than 800 million barrels of crude oil in 2018. It is amongst the largest FPSOs in the world.
Gas and oil export

Gas from the Bonga is connected to the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) plant at Bonny, where a third processing train was constructed.

LNG is exported to Atlantic and European markets via tankers. The oil is stored on-board the production facilities prior to direct offloading.

It can produce 200,000 barrels of oil per day and 150 million standard cubic feet of gas per day. The cost of the full field development was $3.6bn.
Contractors involved in the deep-water project

ABB won the $180m order for the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) of all of the subsea equipment. This also included production-control umbilicals and gas-lift risers.

ABB supplied 29 conventional subsea trees and associated hardware under the deal in order to facilitate oil production from, and water injection into, the reservoir.
“After acquiring and processing 3D seismic data in 1993-94, the first Bonga discovery well was drilled between September 1995 and January 1996.”

The deliveries of equipment continued until mid-2009.

The work included project management, the engineering and supply of manifolds, trees, wellheads, controls, connection systems, intervention equipment, integration testing and installation support.

Stolt Offshore signed an approximately $200m turnkey subsea construction contract to support the project.

The deal covered the design, engineering, procurement, installation and commissioning of the gas-export pipeline, production flowlines, water-injection lines and steel catenary risers.

Stolt Offshore began the design engineering and procurement work immediately.

The risers were fabricated in the second half of 2002 at the Stolt Offshore Nigerdock pipe reeling facility in Nigeria.

Installation works included rigid steel flowlines, together with steel catenary oil and gas-production risers.

Seaway Polaris installed 36km of 10in-diameter production flowlines and all the project’s steel catenary risers using the J Lay method.

Samsung Heavy Industries was awarded a contract to build the FPSO.

Additionally, Seaway Polaris handled the installation of the 92km-long, 16in-diameter gas-export pipeline that connected the Bonga FPSO to the Shell EA riser platform.

Seaway Kestrel installed 25km of 12in-diameter water-injection flowlines. Surveying and tie-in work was undertaken by Seaway Legend.

ClampOn delivered a topside system of sand sensors in February 2003.

An extension to the field, Bonga Northwest field, is situated in OML 118. It lies at a water depth in the range of 2,953ft-3,937ft.

This field will be developed by 12 subsea wells tied back to Bonga’s FPSO.
https://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/bonga/

Bonga is the first deep-water project for the Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company (SNEPCO) and for Nigeria.

The discovery well is located in oil prospecting license (OPL) 212, which was awarded during Nigeria’s first round of deep-water frontier acreage awards in 1993.

SNEPCO operates the field on behalf of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and its partners under a production sharing contract. The partners in the field include Shell (55%), Esso (20%), Total (12.5%) and Agip (12.5%).

Crude oil production from the field started in November 2005 and the first shipment from the field was made in February 2006.

The field underwent its fourth turnaround maintenance (TAM) in 2017 and delivered 819 million barrels of oil by the end of 2018.
Bonga exploration

Bonga lies 120km south-west of the Niger Delta, in a water depth of over 1,000m.

The real extent of the Bonga field is approximately 60km². After acquiring and processing 3D seismic data in 1993-94, the first Bonga discovery well was drilled between September 1995 and January 1996.

Shell drilled an exploration well on Bonga Southwest located 10km south-west of the Bonga field in May 2001. Bonga Southwest was drilled in a water depth of 1,245m.

The well reached its final depth of 4,160m and was subsequently logged and suspended. It encountered a substantial amount of net oil sand.

An initial evaluation of the well indicated that the recoverable reserves discovered with Bonga Southwest were large enough to form the basis for new deep-water development in OML118.

Deep-water milestones
he visual shows the ocean with 16 offshore oil & gas assets on the surface. It also shows the seabed with different depths on the left with a depth meter ranging from 200 to 3,000 metres deep, in steps of 200 metres.

Following assets are shown from left to right with the year and the depth at which the asset drills:

Cognac: on-stream 1978, depth 300 metres
Bullwinkle: on-stream 1988, depth 400 metres
Malikai: on-stream 2016, depth 500 metres
Bijupirá & Salema: on-stream 2003, depth 800 metres
Auger: on-stream 1993, depth 830 metres
Mars: on-stream 1996, depth 900 metres
Olympus: on-stream 2014, depth 900 metres
Brutus: on-stream 2001, depth 900 metres
Ram-Powell: on-stream 1997, depth 1,000 metres
Bonga: on-stream 2005, depth 1,000 metres
Ursa: on-stream 1999, depth 1,200 metres
Gumusut-Kakap: on-stream 2014, depth 1,200 metres
Vito: in progress, depth 1,200 metres
Parque das Conchas: on-stream 2010, depth 1,800 metres
Na Kika: on-stream 2003, depth 1,800-2,400 metres
Appomattox: on-stream 2019, depth 2,200 metres
Perdido: on-stream 2010, depth 2,300-2,800 metres
Stones: on-stream 2016, depth 2,900 metres
https://www.shell.com/about-us/major-projects/bonga-north-west/bonga-north-west-overview.html

Project development

On August 5, 2014, SNEPCo started oil production from the first well at the Bonga North West deep-water development off the Nigerian coast. Since then, all the remaining five wells (three oil producers and two water injectors) have been completed and are now on stream, with the last well commissioned on January 18, 2015.

Oil from the Bonga North West subsea facilities is transported by a new undersea pipeline to the existing Bonga floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) export facility, from where oil is loaded onto tankers for shipping around the world.

The Bonga FPSO has been upgraded to handle the additional oil flow from Bonga North West which, at peak production, is now contributing around 40,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, helping to maintain the facility’s overall output.
Technology

The project included upgrading the Bonga FPSO to add new chemical injection systems to prevent corrosion and freezing in the new pipelines. The 300-metre long FPSO is one of the largest of its kind in the world, held in place by 500-tonne anchors linked by 20km of mooring lines. It receives crude from production wells on the seabed. The oil is processed on board, stored and then sent to a single point mooring buoy anchored nearby from where it is loaded onto tankers for export.

Below the surface a new production module was tied into the existing infrastructure.
Environment and society

The Bonga North West project is part of Shell’s long-standing commitment to developing deep-water engineering skills in Nigeria. The investments made by SNEPCo and its other project partners in the Bonga North West project include upgrades of local contractors’ facilities and providing specialised training for Nigerians to work in the energy industry.

More than 90% of the people who designed and built the Bonga North West project were Nigerian. SNEPCo awarded all five of the major engineering and construction contracts for Bonga North West to companies that were either indigenous, have local staff, or invest in the country.

The project made use of existing infrastructure, limiting its environmental impact.

Information about Bonga;



Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company Ltd (SNEPCo) is producing oil from the Bonga North West field, which lies at a depth of more than 1,000 metres (3,300 feet). SNEPCo is adding production to the existing Bonga facility with this new development, in which it holds a 55% interest.
Key facts

Location: Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria

Depth: More than 1,000 metres

Interests: SNEPCo 55% (operator), Esso Exploration & Production Nigeria (Deepwater) Limited (20%), Total E&P Nigeria Limited (12.5%) and Nigerian Agip Exploration Limited (12.5%) under a production sharing contract with the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation

Fields: Bonga North West

Peak annual production: 40 kboe/d

Key contractors: Aker Solutions, FMC Technologies, Invensys/Sidler, SAIPEM, Weltek

My first experience in a deep-sea facility was about Mid May 2007. I have started working with the Surfer 1822 that I have introduced earlier in the thread, my darling boat. Well, the Surfer boat is the transport of choice when the weather is too grim, to use a mild word. Between May and August, the deep sea experience torrential rain more than what you experience on land, and with this rain comes strong wind and poor visibility that even navigational aids do falter. I witnessed one heavy rain on Erha, it was so heavy and windy that as the chopper lifted and tried to exit the landing pad the draft brought it back almost swiping it against the side of the pad, many untold stories of grim experiences. Well back to the main story, it was mid-May, the weather was too bad for Choppers to access the offshore facility. Flights were delayed for two days. Being delayed in the deep sea because of weather is one of the most brutal experiences one could have. If offshore platforms were military bases, there would have been many mutinies, many OIMs and supervisors would be thrown overboard by angry borders that were delayed from going out.
This is the way it works, each person has a back-to-back, that is another personnel that does exactly what you do so that as you go on time off, your back to back to back reliever comes in on the same flight that will take you out. So if my back-to-back is delayed for any reason, I will not be able to go out.
After delaying the flight for a few days, the list was building up to the extent that it will take several daily flights to clear off the backlog. So the next best option was to use a surfer boat to convey as many as possible. A surfer 1800 series can convey twice the passenger of a Sikorsky s76.
A day was arranged for the trip, I restocked on the necessary medications and tools. The Captain worked on the engine and stocked on spares. We all had good rest on the night before the trip. We assembled on the jetty, refueled, and came to the main jetty. The kitchen has supplied freshly roasted chickens, fried chickens, Fresh bread, sandwiches, Milk, and honey. We stocked the food away safely and we took delivery of the pax.
It was a sunny day on land the generally was a bright, joyful aura all around. We played the Surfer orientation clip for the pax, we demonstrated the safety evacuation procedure and we answered the few questions that were asked. We said our goodbye to the Reps, Bon Voyage we set sail.
We always move slowly while in the channel so that the ripples we generated will not disturb the wooden canoes. I asked if anyone will need anti-sickness tablets, I brought them out of the bag anyways. They all said they are seasoned seamen, Ok. I retreated to the stern to watch the activities on the creek. From the tin can, we passed AP muller terminal, then Ladol, then Taqwa Bay before we exited the channel into the Atlantic. It was at this point that the men made a huge mistake in their life. They were taking pictures and making a phone call before now but as we pressed into the sea, the signal went off. So one person opened the cooler of food and requested to eat. I told them to hold on a little till we are in the deep sea to see if they adapt well before they eat since they did not take the anti-sickness. One man answered me, ‘young man na today, we don dey fly boat since we dey small o, no dey scare us’. I said, yes Sir.
I sat down at the back with the Seaman and the diver. I watched as they ate and made merry, there was no alcohol but we had energy drinks and soda.
About 15 minutes into our trip, the rain started and it changed the dynamics within and without the vessel. When the rain started, It became darker outside, visibility dropped, our speed reduced. The tide changed direction, the pitch became higher. So we were being tossed up and down literally. Now the smell of fried Chicken became irritating, coupled with the tossing up and down, the stomach muscles started their work, it took one man to throw up and it had a domino effect on all of them. I offered the tablet again but it was too late, the ship is docked already. All of them threw up till there was nothing left in them. I pity the seaman and the diver as they were cleaning up every time. I tried to manage nausea and vomiting as much as I could but to be honest there was little I could do. It took about 2 hours for all of them to settle, they feel horrified, dejected, and looking like a chicken beaten by rain in their chair. I knew this could have been prevented if they had listened but I dare not rub it in as a professional. They chose as adults, even though I consider it an unwise decision, still it was their decision to make.
As were approaching Bonga, we were noticing clusters of unmanned platforms so the pax faces started lightening up, Ordinarily, the trip should take 3 hours or thereabout but it took about 8 hours. We got to Bonga at last. We asked for clearance to enter the 500m exclusive zone. We got the clearance to approach but when we approach the boat landing, the heave was too high, so safe transfer is not possible. We cannot do basket transfer with a crane also because of the heave. The pax became dejected again when they realized that they will not be able to disembark for another 3 hours. It was complete silence for the next 3 hours. I believe they were reflecting on what just happened and the likelihood of worse things happening humbled them, eventually they disembarked at about 2200hr. There was no darkness because of the flare. The light from the flare tower illuminate at least a 3-kilometer radius on the sea and the heat was something else even for us that we were on the sea level.

Background
West African Dwarf (WAD) goats serve an important role in the rural village economy of West Africa, especially among small-holder livestock owners. They have been shown to be trypanotolerant and to resist infections with Haemonchus contortus more effectively than any other known breed of goat.

Methods
In this paper we review what is known about the origins of this goat breed, explain its economic importance in rural West Africa and review the current status of our knowledge about its ability to resist parasitic infections.

Conclusions
We suggest that its unique capacity to show both trypanotolerance and resistance to gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infections is immunologically based and genetically endowed, and that knowledge of the underlying genes could be exploited to improve the capacity of more productive wool and milk producing, but GI nematode susceptible, breeds of goats to resist infection, without recourse to anthelmintics. Either conventional breeding allowing introgression of resistance alleles into susceptible breeds, or transgenesis could be exploited for this purpose. Appropriate legal protection of the resistance alleles of WAD goats might provide a much needed source of revenue for the countries in West Africa where the WAD goats exist and where currently living standards among rural populations are among the lowest in the world.

Background
The major contributor of the modern domestic goat, Capra hircus, is believed to be the wild Bezoar goat, Capra aegagrus distributed from the mountains of Asia Minor [1], across the Middle East. There are ten primary goat breeds to which other modern breeds worldwide are traceable, namely Alpine, Angora, Boer, Cashmere, Le Mancha, Nubian, Oberhasli, Pigmy, Saanen and Toggenburg.

The present day dwarf goats of West and Central Africa correspond to the so-called pigmy goat but the recognised name for the breed in the region is the West African Dwarf (WAD) goat (Figure 1). However, other names such as Cameroonian, Nigerian, Guinean and Fouta Djallon are sometimes used to describe WAD goats found in particular countries in the region.
These may be considered as varieties or ecological types (ecotypes) of WAD goat, which have adapted to the different ecosystems in the region. They are found, predominantly in the humid and sub-humid, and also in the drier, savanna climates, below latitude 14° north. One popular belief, based on few documented facts, is that all dwarf goats found in West and Central Africa, England, Sweden, Germany and North America originated from the Cameroonian Dwarf goat [2],
although, based on their morphology in relation to other dwarf goat breeds, it has been suggested that the Nigerian WAD goats may have a different, but as yet unknown, origin [3, 4].

However, genetic and archaeological evidence of the precise origins of WAD goats are still lacking.

Nevertheless, recent work has shown that Nigerian WAD goats are endowed with the capacity to resist trypanosome and intestinal nematode infections more effectively than any other known breed of goat. Since there is no easily accessible, systematic review of published information on controlled experimental GI nematode infections of these animals, in this article we first explain the importance of WAD goats to the local livestock owning communities of West Africa, then review the available information on their capacity to resist parasitic infections, suggest possible explanations for these unique traits and indicate how they may be exploited in the broader context to improve the resilience of goats, and hence their health and productivity worldwide.

The importance of the WAD goat industry in West Africa.

Goats account for about 30% of Africa's ruminant livestock and produce about 17% and 12% of its meat and milk respectively [5]. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounts for over 60% of the total goat population in Africa, with an estimated 147 million goats representing about 80 indigenous breeds distributed across all agro-ecological zones and ruminant livestock production systems [6]. The WAD goat is the commonest and most important indigenous goat breed in the 18 countries of West and Central Africa [7], most of which (except Mali, Burkina Faso and the Central African Republic) have an Atlantic coastline namely, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Mali, Upper Volta, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon Congo and Zaire) [8].
Nigeria hosts the largest WAD goat population with approximately 11 million in the humid zone of Eastern Nigeria. There are two major ecotypes: the humid zone and the savanna WAD goats, (Figure 1) and these differ in several respects, notably their body weight, the latter being about 2-3 kg heavier on average at 12 months of age [9]. It is estimated that at least 90% of these animals are owned by small-holder rural goat keepers, for whom goats represent an important asset [10].

Women and children play a pivotal role in WAD goat husbandry. Children normally herd goats, while their day-to-day management and the care of young stock usually fall to women. They are generally kept in small herds on mixed farms and provide their owners with a broad range of products and socio-economic services such as cash income (meat), security (milk), gifts (skin), and manure for the crops. Left-overs from the domestic kitchen, which are provided by the womenfolk, and cut-and-carry fodder/foliage, which are the responsibility of children and the men folk, are important ingredients in the husbandry of goats in rural areas.
Therefore, goats not only play a vital role in ensuring food security of a household (often being the only asset possessed by a poor household), but when needed and in time of trouble (e.g. crop failure or family illness, school fees) goats may be sold to provide an important source of cash [11]. Any intervention aiming to improve goat productivity will therefore have an immediate socio-economic impact on rural communities, especially the poorest of these for whom goats represent the only livestock they can afford to raise. The socio-economic importance of WAD goats in the area is best illustrated by the terms: 'cow of the poor' and 'bank on the hoof', which are commonly used to describe them.

Hi, OP.
These are the things that will help you;
1. CT head and Thorax, if NAD then MRI Head.
2. A neurologist consult and or a Cardiologist consult.
3. A Clinical Psychologist consult.
Hope you find the necessary help that you need and on time.

God bless the memory of Sound Sultan, He said ' Ajo o dabi ile' . I will return

I hope they were able to rescue the workers, this is disheartening.

Please Nairalanders, Someone i barely know is introducing me to ''Alliance in Motion Global'' AIM. He is telling me it's a job, i will be employed and get paid, But he is Refusing to tell me the details of the job

Please anyone with an Ideal about this so call 'AIM' Company?

From someone who has participated in Goldlink 1999-2000, Holidays and Cash 2006-2007, Avenues to wealth 2008-2009, GNLD, can't remember the year specifically, Finally AIM Global, ( La-Buena Vida).
Forget the marketing jargon, it is a ponzi. A pyramid scheme. Find something else valuable to do with your MONEY and TIME. Peace.

Better descriptions: a job man, sent man, journey man. The inside job. I expect pdp to the same.

senatepresido:
He died in our hospital, Evercare Lekki

I don't know your profession but I do know, you should not have disclosed that information here. Actions like this, have consequences.

Awkabigboy:
Nurses are like prostitutes easy to fvck
If you know you know

Do people around you use sunnies a lot, Because your stupidity shines brighter than Sun. In fact yours is a non deciduous, platinum rated stupidity.
People that are adding value to the society, putting their lives on the line to protect humanity and here you are, referring to them as whores.

Angelacruz:
Please sir update ur thread...u write so well.I can't believe i read from page one to twenty two.I learnt alot.

Thank you, I am in school at the moment. I will surely update the thread.

EbonyCy:
@soknown et al
Pls can one who studied just community nursing in a Nigerian school of nursing get a job in the UK/or any other country?

Will it be easy getting a job just like one who did basic/general nursing?

No, I don't think so. Unless the person is registered with NMCN as a nurse.

BigCabal:
The subject of today’s “A Week In The Life” is a process engineer at an oil-producing facility. Process engineers ensure that the process of crude oil production from collection to processing for sale runs smoothly. What this means is that they spend a lot of their time, solving problems or preventing problems from happening.
Life at sea is peculiar;
Source: https://www.zikoko.com/money/hustle/im-the-only-woman-at-my-job-a-week-in-the-life-of-an-oil-and-gas-engineer-at-sea/?utm_source=nairaland_reshare&utm_medium=referral&utm_id=nairaland.261021

Nice write up. Brought back beautiful memories of living on the FPSO. To those talking about sex, you will not want to disgrace your ancestors by going offshore to chase ladies. More so when you have worked from 6am to 6pm and you have reports to write till 10pm. You just finished your meal, had a shower and put your head on the pillow and the process upset alarm sounds, ultimately an unplanned shutdown that you may battle for the next 6 hours or days. Yes days, I have experienced a 3 days unplanned shutdown, you will forget there is a dangling muscle in between your legs.
It could even be a drill that will cut shut your night, or fire outbreak or an explosion like one hypoclorite tank explosion that I experienced. We thank God for his many mercies.
More grease to your elbow @ OP.

To those

meobizy:
Okay. She’s flexing in her location. I had to work offshore to realize an absolute truth; na poor man dey work offshore. The big moneymakers avoid going to rigs and installations. If they do they never spend longer than thirty minutes. All they do is count money by the millions in air conditioned offices.

The curse of the black Gold, 'the nearer the pump, the poorer'. So true.

The health sector alone can generate massive employment for the teeming unemployed youth out on the street. I was opportune to see through some projects in the past which opened the great prospects for growth in the health sector to me.

1. Let's take Lagos as an example. Assuming that HEFAAMA ( I am not sure of the spelling). That is the regulatory agency for private health and social institutions in Lagos sit up on their job. Closing down all the moribund private clinics and hospitals that we all know never measured up to standards. This will allow pulling of resources together to build several mega, multi-specialist hospitals that will be able to attract qualified staff strength and best brains in the health sector. Euracare and Evercare are good examples of this. Imagine having the likes of these two hospitals in all local governments in Lagos. Such venture will encourage insurance companies to pursue health insurance policies that works for all. There will be 'trickle down effect' on the economy as ancillary services will grow up to support this ventures.

2. At some point, I was doing some research about the occupational health needs of factory workers in Lagos. There is no strict compliance to occupational health act. The Ministry of health has very loose regulatory framework for monitoring factories. Imagine if the ministry of health sits up and firm up their oversight function on all industries.

Occupational health industry will boom, there will be more shops to sell quality personal protective equipment, there will be more occupational health laboratories. There will be more people employed, to balance up job/man-power ratio, unlike now that one person may doing the job meant for 6 staffers.

Look at the eateries, restaurants and cafes, no one monitors the health status of the staffs, look at the transport sector, who monitors the physical and mental health of the drivers. Look at the various farms, no one monitors the health and safety if the staffs. What about the schools, how many schools have functional, well manned sick-bays. There is huge potential in the health sector, it may forever remain a potential, it is what it is.

I knew this show will air this year and next year. The 'elites' doing everything that is possible to occupy the youth. More shows will come on air next year.
#letskeeptheirmindoccupied

Happy celebration to you guys.
In some places, Pharmacists can prescribe medications once they have the requisite certification. On the ward, pharmacists check drug/medication history that medics and other clinicians don't have the time to check.

Without the DP, these operations will be chaotic if not impossible.
1. A tanker in position at a SPM, single point mooring to load crude.
2. Loading containers on a boat.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hpc9Sdkn7ww

I mentioned Dynamic positioning earlier on.
Here is a little explanation about DP System;

Dynamic Positioning Systems
For many offshore activities, it is very important to keep a vessel at a fixed position and heading. Dynamic Positioning (DP) systems automatically control the position and heading of a vessel by using thrusters that are constantly active and balance the environmental forces (wind, waves, current, etc). Environmental forces tend to move the vessel off the desire position while the automatically controlled thrust balances those forces and keeps the vessel in position.
DP systems automatically deliver thrust that balances external forces such as wind, wave, current, etc
The main components of any DP system are the positioning system, the DP computer, and the thrusters. The positioning system, usually a GPS, monitors the position of the vessel. When the vessel moves off the intended position the DP computer will calculate the required thrust which will then be applying by the thrusters in order to maintain the position of the vessel.
Dynamic positioning systems are typically used by offshore vessels for accurate maneuvering, for maintaining a fixed position, or for track keeping (pipe/cable laying). We usually find DP systems on:
• Offshore drilling vessels (Drilling ships and Semi-submersibles). A Drilling vessel will use DP to remain in a fixed location while drilling in deep water.
• Offshore support vessels: Platform supply vessels (PSVs), Well intervention vessels, Diving Support Vessels. Support vessels use DP to stay at a safe distance from offshore platforms and drilling rigs.
• Pipe-laying and offshore construction vessels. Pipe-laying vessels use DP for position keeping and track keeping.
• Dredging vessels. Suction Hopper dredgers, Rock-dumping vessels, Trenching vessels
• Shuttle Tankers. Shuttle tankers during offloading of FPSOs.
The first DP system was set in use in 1961 ('Eureka'). Nowadays, there are over 1000 DP-capable vessels and DP is considered indispensable for deep-water operations.
The components of a DP systems
There are 5 main components in a DP system:
1. Control Systems. The DP control system calculates the offsets between the measured values of position and heading and the required values (setpoint values). Based on the calculated offsets the control system calculated the forces that the thrusters must generate in order to reduce the errors to zero.
2. Power generation
3. Thrusters and propulsion
4. Environmental reference
5. Position and Heading reference

1.5. How DP systems work
The video below explains where and how DP systems are used

1.6. Thrusters and propulsion
The initial design of a DP system sets the environmental conditions at which the vessel is intended to work on DP. Based on this operational requirement the number, size, and location of thrusters is determined.
1.7. Weathervaning DP
Weathervaning DP is the use of dynamic positioning to keep the vessel at a fixed position while allowing the heading to change to get the heading with the least environmental load. This function is similar to single-point mooring systems and results in minimum power requirements.
introduced and tested already in the late 1980s by Pinkster and Davison. The basis of this control
is that the vessel is freely weathervaning, similar to single point moored vessels. This type of
control is also called weathervaning DP. It must not be confused with the weathervaning mode of
normal DP vessels, since bi-axial DP is a passive heading control, Dynamic positioning may either be absolute in that the position is locked to a fixed point over the bottom, or relative to a moving object like another ship or an underwater vehicle. One may also position the ship at a favorable angle towards wind, waves and current, called weathervaning.

https://www.offshoreengineering.com/education/dynamic-positioning-dp/what-is-dynamic-positioning