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Nairaland Forum / Entertainment / Fashion / Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) (41772 Views)
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Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 1:15am On Aug 28, 2023 |
TMKsouth: I am here to find the "ONE". That Saffer who can bend the matrix better than I can. Once I find him my work will be done and I will retire back to Zion with my 72 virgins and rivers flowing with milk and honey. |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by JaceBlaze: 7:17am On Aug 28, 2023 |
Sepukku: I don't think that you are slow.I KNOW that you are slow 1 Like |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Lionessza6(f): 8:32am On Aug 28, 2023 |
Sepukku: 2 Likes |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by KingCold: 3:05pm On Aug 28, 2023 |
TMKsouth:And he feeds off the attention |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 3:20pm On Aug 28, 2023 |
Lionessza6: Point 1. Apparently common sense is not so common at all. There are several studies that have been undertaken on these subject matters conducted in most universities and research centers around the world including ones in South Africa and sorry to say they are not on this "grand" scale that you pupport. Point 2 . Since you are the conspiracy theorist, please tell us what this "agenda" is seeing that the human genome project is one that spans the study of human genetic sequencing for pretty much all humans on the planet and not just your Bantu peoples. Point 3 The pharmaceutical industry example you have mentioned has no bearing on this particular subject matter because one is primarily "profit motivated" and other is purely research based though there are some "commercial" outcomes that do occur. Case in point if you got pregnant by one of your lazy saffer boys and he denied the paternity, how is that you trust the DNA test ( the same source information from these studies) in revealing he is genetically tied to your child so you can collect child support from the state and then in the same breath dismiss a more complex examination of Human genetics. You are really a bloc head. @JACEBLAZE and kingcold, this is beat down you were referring to, neh! SMH Lionessza6: Several clans incorporated into one Xhosa grouping and therefore Xhosa peoples would be an amalgamation of these "clans/totems" Lionessza6: I don't know how to relate any of the above ranting with anything ahving to do with extensive studies on the genetic diveristy of humans but what I will tell you is that in this day an age it is quite easy or any scientist without looking at the physical appearance of a person determine through genetics if this person is West African, Khoisan or Ethiopian. Lionessza6: Insults aside, can you read? What specifically do you want me to point to you that is not stated in the "abstracts" or "main body" sections of each study. Please read the study and come back with points that you disagree with. This is how a debate is done. I have made a claim and provided you with source material to buttress my claim now come back with what you see in the source material that is a false. Your aunty and Uncles claims are not good enough. Lionessza6: Stop embarassing yourself Lionessza Lionessza6: You can afford it, Go and buy airtime. You have enough airtime to be on nairaland ona consistent basis, neh. Lazy girl. You want me to think for you. |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 3:26pm On Aug 28, 2023 |
JaceBlaze: Ahh now you are coming around young padowen. You are beginning to think like Morpheus. There is hope for you yet.
|
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 3:41pm On Aug 28, 2023 |
KingCold: Do I force you to respond? You have your picture spamming thread, don't you? |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Lionessza6(f): 7:17pm On Aug 28, 2023 |
Sepukku: That's my issue right there, you said several studies from several universities and research centres around the world, the question is , where did they all get their samples from and when ? DNA testing was at its infancy before the 90s, and rather less reliable than in it is now. So this "credible " research is new ?how recent? So the research was from a small selection of people from the same area ? @ the bolded ....Try another lame tactic at attempting to rubbish my questions,the gasligting and demonisation by branding me a conspiracy theorist won't work. That's so 2020, let it rest. Peopke use helicopters for siteseeing and travelling , but elsewhere the same helicopter could be used as a war tool. Genetic research ,medical research , Agricultural research etc can be used for politics and politics and profits go together. I like that you didn't deny my Pharmaceutical industry example, which means deep down you know very well that the outcome of any research can be pre-determined by the funder even before any studies could be conducted. If the pharmaceutical industry can do it, then any organisation with vested interests in a subject matter could do the same. There's no " purely research based "here , no institution can put so much money and time into something that won't get them funding the next financial year lol. I said HIV prevalence in SA is easily proven not guessed because the testing is transparent and the participants come from all groups, provinces , regions and districts( so its pretty damn difficult to disprove or question). This is why I want to know the where and when of the issue under discussion. Duh!! Ofcourse scientists can determine the origins of any person , and they can also determine if the person is of mixed heritage or not.Who is disputing this here ? So it has gotten to this ? When did I dismiss anything about human genetics ? I simple questioned the how & when . Infact I'd be the last person to discredit genetic testing because I and my immediate family have taken the test and I actively encourage others to do the same and not rely on copied and pasted work from lazy scholars desperate to be published. Amampondo, Amabhaca and others have never be clans of the Xhosa nation until 1996( forced down their throats by the comrades who came back from God knows where ) . All these groups had their clans, cultural practices etc. And internarriage with Xhosa people was and to some extent is still frowned upon as they don't want " change their blood line). I mentioned Winnie because she talked a lot about this and how as a young woman she was openly chastised by her relatives and community for her marriage with Mandela because " she was destroying their nation " . Even today Mpondo women hardly ever marry what they describe as Xhosa people, and the men never do...... The uncles and aunties history at play I guess. The whole point of this paragraph is to show the importance of taking samples from different sections of a study area as this is a much more complex issue than just a family paternity issue. If truly I needed DNA samples of my run-away baby daddy and he is nowhere to be found, samples from his mother, father , brother or sister ( even if half) could be used to link my bastard to that family and ofcourse the percentages would vary. You're the one embarrassing yourself here as a self- proclaimed intelligent educator of stupid, bantu educated saffas yet you can't help me by answering my simple questions. I told you I wasn't going to open any link here, and since you have gone through all the abstracts of the different journals , why not pick one thatyou find the most interesting and revealing and paste the information I requested instead of twerking around? No, my lazy arse doesn't want you to do any thinking .....just act . Answer the following: 1. Who or what organisation did the genetic tests of the SA population( or atleast part of the population )? 2. When was this : year or era? 3. How many people participated in this exercise? 4. How many participants from each province? 5. From the Provinces, were there results from different municipalities or one section of the province was chosen to represent the whole province? 1 Like |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 9:02pm On Aug 28, 2023 |
Lionessza6: Stupid question. The studies provide dates that studies were held with specific references to the names of who conducted them and site referencing as well. Lionessza6: Stupid question. The links provide sample data, picture diagrams, graphical representations of tests with standard deviations e.t.c. You need only click on them. Lionessza6: Another Stupid question. Lionessza6:Stupid question. |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 9:06pm On Aug 28, 2023 |
Lionessza6: The results of a scientific study cannot be "predetermined." The data that is produced is the data that is produced. A hypothesis is the only part of a scientific study that is proposed. it is a pre-ference as opposed to "in-ference" upon data that is produced. What is stupid about your argument is that most of these studies actually lend credence to an early arrival of bantu groups into Southern Africa before European arrivals. They however also confirm varying degrees of admixtures amongst various groups that encountered each other. READ! https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1801948115 |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 9:11pm On Aug 28, 2023 |
Lionessza6: What are you on about here? State your position clearly. You are all over the place. Are you saying that what we know as Xhosa peoples today carry a predominance of Khoi ancestry in them and are therefore predominantly Khoi? My position stands as this studies continue to indicate that Bantu populations across South Africa carry an average of 25% Khoi ancestry in them and this includes the Xhosa who are a "bantu' speaking peoples as a whole. These same studies indicate that the colored populations of the cape carry a higher degree of Khoi ancestry in them at levels up to 40-60%. The inference on this information would indicate that the coloreds are more Khoi than any Bantu populations that have been tested. and the spirit instructed the prophet READ! https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23516368/ PS just out of curiousity, when you quizzed your uncles and aunties what language did the AmaMpondo speak before joining the Xhosa nation? What language did the abaThembu speak before joining the Xhosa nation? What language did the Amabhaca before joining the Xhosa nation. |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 9:53pm On Aug 28, 2023 |
Lionessza6: Your issue of sample sizes, bias and limitations have been factored in. They were way ahead of you on that one. Read! https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1003309 |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 10:12pm On Aug 28, 2023 |
Lionessza6: I have helped you enough by finding and giving you the link to the studies. You want me to spoon feed you now. Lazy bum It is incumbent on you to read and ascertain if what is in there is contrary to your position, come back and then rubbish the topic. Your deflect debate tactic will not work. |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Lionessza6(f): 8:31am On Aug 29, 2023 |
Sepukku: |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Lionessza6(f): 8:44am On Aug 29, 2023 |
Sepukku: Then post it here as I requested before , why is this so difficult for you. I told you I won't click on any link, it's like you're deliberately elongating this debate or argument. Post the info I requested, you've already said that I'm incapable of reading such complex reports with my saffa small brains, why then don't you help me out by copying and pasting from your links , the specific info I asked for ? I mean you have been copying and pasting the same comments about SA for close to a 100 years now on this forum, so this can't be too much ask for. 1 Like |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Lionessza6(f): 9:26am On Aug 29, 2023 |
Sepukku: Attempting to twist my words again to claim fake victory? No I never said Xhosa people were predominantly San, but yes there are fractions who are the same way that there are also a lot of those predominantly Bantu. My position is that there are also a lot of inbetweeners * who are neither predominantly Bantu nor san ( with 40/60) . And a lot of the Xhosa's I know who took this genetic test, also had other bloodlines like nilotic and Batwa ( pygmies). So you get people with 35% san ancestry , 55% bantu and then the rest made of different bloodlines with some even having European blood( although rare). Note that , this is from my small circle of friends and family and I'm in no way saying these results represent the entire Xhosa nation with all her clans. The point is that different clans and regions can never give out the same genetic results in a place like the Eastern Cape because this is arguable the most generically diverse part of the country( amongst Native Africans). So the only results I'd accept are those that have covered all different clans or atleast districts ( with a significant number of participants). There is a language called IsiMpondo, it sounds like a mixture of Ndebele, Xhosa and Zulu. There is isiBhaca which sounds more like Isiswati( they have no clicks). And then there's Isihlubi which sounds like a a mixture of isi Zulu, Sesotho and IsiXhosa. There is a reason why Xhosa teachers were sent to these regions in the early 90s( most of the students there couldn't write the language ). And even today some still struggle to even speak convincing Xhosa without sounding odd,especially the older generation. AbaThembu are a Xhosa clan and they speak IsiXhosa and their customs reflect that as well unlike the above 3 groups. AmaBhaca even have Marks on their faces, this traditional practice is practiced by a faction of the Zulu population but none among Xhosa people. 1 Like 1 Share |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Lionessza6(f): 9:41am On Aug 29, 2023 |
Sepukku: If I'm going to trial for the murder of my husband and I'm know I'm guilty, and I have enough connections and money to make sure that the outcomes of the court case are favourable to me. The judges, prosecutors and my legal team ( who are all in my payroll) could play opposing sides in the court even going as far as painting me as exposing my alduteress lifestyle. But at the end of the day, they have all been paid to make sure I get a lighter sentence or get away with the crime completely . That's what I meant by " predetermined ". Only retarded Eauripens and a few dunderhead Africans would believe the 1900s published journals supporting the empty land theory . That's why in the 60s they shifted goalposts and came up with the " only the Khoe-San were here , and they were only in the Western " . Ofvourse, they are now on sparsely populated adding Xhosas and Swatis in the mix , soon enough they will revise it to add the dreaded AmaZulu . So don't entice me with that rotten fish . Khoe-San lineage goes as far as East Africa and we are supposed to believe that other pastoralists didn't wonder down South for centuries until Europeans came here ? Rubbish . 1 Like |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Lionessza6(f): 9:43am On Aug 29, 2023 |
Sepukku: Smarty, we are here; 1. Who or what organisation did the genetic tests of the SA population( or atleast part of the population )? 2. When was this : year or era? 3. How many people participated in this exercise? 4. How many participants from each province? 5. From the Provinces, were there results from different municipalities or one section of the province was chosen to represent the whole province? You're the one who knows South African identities better than its elders , so please educate me by answering the above( i think that will be easy for a super intelligent guy like yourself ) . I do not open links on nairaland. 1 Like |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by JaceBlaze: 10:26am On Aug 29, 2023 |
Sepukku is in trouble...AGAIN!!! 1 Like |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 3:20pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
Lionessza6: Abstract Within-population genetic diversity is greatest within Africa, while between-population genetic diversity is directly proportional to geographic distance. The most divergent contemporary human populations include the click-speaking forager peoples of southern Africa, broadly defined as Khoesan. Both intra- (Bantu expansion) and inter-continental migration (European-driven colonization) have resulted in complex patterns of admixture[b] between ancient geographically isolated Khoesan and more recently diverged populations. Using gender-specific analysis and almost 1 million autosomal markers, we determine the significance of estimated ancestral contributions that have shaped five contemporary southern African populations in a cohort of 103 individuals. Limitedby lack of available data for homogenous Khoesan representation, we identify the Ju/'hoan (n = 19) as a distinct early diverging human lineage with little to no significant non-Khoesan contribution. In contrast to the Ju/'hoan, we identify ancient signatures of Khoesan and Bantu unions resulting in significant Khoesan- and Bantu-derived contributions to the Southern Bantu amaXhosa (n = 15) and Khoesan !Xun (n = 14), respectively. Our data further suggests that contemporary !Xun represent distinct Khoesan prehistories. Khoesan assimilation with European settlement at the most southern tip of Africa resulted in significant ancestral Khoesan contributions to the Coloured (n = 25) and Baster (n = 30) populations. The latter populations were further impacted by 170 years of East Indian slave trade and intra-continental migrations resulting in a complex pattern of genetic variation (admixture). The populations of southern Africa provide a unique opportunity to investigate the genomic variability from some of the oldest human lineages to the implications of complex admixture patterns including ancient and recently diverged human lineage. Author Summary The Khoesan have received recent attention, as they are the most genetically diverse contemporary human populations. However, Khoesan populations are poorly defined,[/b]while archeological evidence suggests a once broader dispersal of click-speaking southern African foragers. [b]Migrations into the regions populated by contemporary Khoesan involved agro-pastoral Bantu around 1,500 years ago, followed over a millennium later by the arrival of European colonists establishing a halfway station for a maritime route between Europe and the East, which led to unions between diverse global populations. Using almost a million genetic markers for 103 individuals, we confirmed a significant Khoesan contribution to five southern African populations. The Ju/'hoan show genetic isolation (early divergence from all other modern humans), carry no significant non-Khoesan contributions, and unlike most global populations lack signatures of gene-based adaption to agriculture. The !Xun show two distinct Khoesan prehistories; while comparable to the female-derived Khoesan contribution to the amaXhosa Bantu, the male-derived Bantu contribution to the !Xun most likely represents cultural-driven gender-biased gene-flow. Emanating largely from male-derived European ancestral contributions, the Basters showed the highest maternal Khoesan contribution, while the Coloured showed the largest within population and regional-associated variability. The unique admixture fractions of the two latter populations reflect both early diverged and recently diverged human lineages. |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 3:25pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
Introduction Southern Africa is home to populations carrying significant human genomic variation. The analysis of patterns of DNA variation, have placed modern human origins within Africa [1], with the most divergent contemporary lineages found in the indigenous Khoesan inhabitants of southern Africa [2]–[6]. Defined by their use of clicking languages and a foraging-based subsistence, contemporary Khoesan are largely restricted to the greater Kalahari regions of Namibia and Botswana. Representing a collection of isolated subpopulations with dwindling numbers and subpopulation extinctions, the Khoesan population identifier once represented a broader geographical dispersal reaching the most southern tip of Africa. Historical migrations into southern Africa including agro-pastoral Southern Bantu from a western/central African homeland beginning roughly 1,500 years ago [7], [8], followed over a millennium later by the arrival of European settlers and East-Indian slaves [9], shaped the ancestral contributions of contemporary southern Africans. These intra- and inter-continental contributions led to historical events that perpetuated population dispersals, isolations and assimilation between populations, ultimately giving rise to complex genomic admixture. The pattern of genomic variation in contemporary southern African populations thus resulted from unions between the most diverse genomes found within Africa to the least differentiated as represented by populations impacted by a severe founder effect (bottleneck) associated with the out-of-Africa dispersal [2], [10]–[13]. Determining the ancestral origins of contemporary southern African admixture is limited by a number of factors including the availability of well-characterized subjects, limited availability of genomic data for appropriate founder populations, biases in current content genotyping arrays and analytical challenges. Lack of genomic data for southern African populations defined based on linguistics and culture broadly as Bantu and Khoesan, has perpetuated biases. To minimize these limitations, we leveraged genotype information from the largest current content array dataset that was available at the time the study was initiated in 2010, interrogating over 1 million genome-wide data points (Illumina HumanOmni1-Quad BeadChips). The 103 individuals in this study represent five southern African populations defined as Khoesan, specifically Ju/'hoan and !Xun, Southern Bantu, specifically amaXhosa, and European-initiated admixed populations, specifically Coloured and the newly described Baster population (Figure 1). At the time of submission there had been limited largely gender-specific analyses performed for pooled subsets of Southern Bantu [14], [15], while gender-specific [14], [16] and more extensive analysis for the Coloured had focused on non-regional sub-structure [17], [18]. While we previously considered the extent of whole exome diversity between two Ju/'hoan and a single !Xun, providing limited genome-wide analysis using the smaller 500 K Illumina arrays [5], no study had determined possible admixture contributions to these foraging-based populations. We merge our data with the only Khoesan-derived genome-wide dataset, the South African #Khomani [4]. The availability of globally relevant genomic data (published and from the Illumina iControl Database) provides a means to predict contributing migratory homogenous founder populations (specifically as a result of Bantu migration and European colonization), which most closely represent historical events that have impacted relations between southern African populations (Figure 1). In contrast, identifying indigenous founder contributions is more problematic. Contemporary Khoesan populations have either themselves experienced varying degrees of non-Khoesan contribution, or may not accurately represent the likely lost ancient ancestral lineages that once thrived along the southern coast of Africa at the time of non-Khoesan arrival. A major goal of our study was therefore to define a Khoesan population with negligible non-Khoesan contribution. Using anthropological, cultural, linguistic, as well as personal interactions within the remaining Khoesan communities of Namibia, the Ju/'hoan and !Xun were identified as likely candidates. Identifying early human divergence and unique forager-based genomic signatures, we further assess the significance of ancestral contributions within our study sample using multiple analytical approaches, while providing significant insights into the history of the region. Results Before one can assess complex admixture fractions, it is critical to determine the validity of the study sample to be tested, paying particular attention to the potential for sampling biases, while assessing limitations within available genotyping content. Additionally, the identification of the most homogenous founder representative populations is critical. While the availability of globally relevant datasets allows for the assessment of non-regional founders, the identification of a homogenous indigenous founder population is currently not available. We provide evidence that supports the Ju/'hoan in this study as a likely representation of a homogenous Khoesan ancestral lineage. Using this data we provide multiple complimentary approaches to assess southern African admixture fractions.[/b] |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 3:30pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
Limiting study biases Sampling biases. All individuals self-identifying as Ju/'hoan or !Xun were extensively interviewed during six trips to the region over a period of three years (2008 to 2011) for further clarification see http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/southern-african-genome-diversity-study/. Individuals were excluded for reported relatedness and sourced from eleven remote sampling sites in Namibia (Figure S1). Culturally the groups display differing levels of alternative subsistence from hunting and gathering. While the Ju/'hoan maintain hunting rights, the !Xun demonstrate minimal subsistence crop cultivation. Both rely heavily on foraging and are impacted by western monetary influences in the form of government subsidies or limited earnings. Family units are generally small and geographical isolation is still apparent. While the Baster population was recruited within Namibia, the amaXhosa and Coloured were recruited within South Africa. Populations were selected based on historical significance that includes early Bantu or European arrival into the region, as well as accounts of Khoesan-derived contributions. [/b]All completed a questionnaire, which included self-identification via their maternal and paternal heritage, with place of birth used for regional subgroup classification, specifically Northern Cape (NC)-, Eastern Cape (EC)- and District Six Coloured (Figure 1).[/quote] Subject relatedness. Subjects were excluded if they reported at least one parent and/or one grandparent having belonged to an alternative population grouping, and included in the study based on heritage and geographical origins.[/b]Using 927,298 autosomal genotypes generated for 105 individuals, we performed identity-by-descent (IBD) allele sharing to assess cryptic non-self-identified relatedness among individuals. This resulted in the exclusion of two Ju/'hoan due to first cousin relations. No other subjects were excluded. Notably, three of the !Xun were originally from Angola and referred to themselves as Angolan !Xun or ‘Vasekela’. The genetic relationship of the self-identified distinction between Namibian and A Subject source validation. Gender-specific markers are an ideal tool to rapidly ascertain likely ancestral contributions, providing a means of sample source validation using unique population-specific [b]mitochondrial (mt)DNA and Y-chromosomal haplogroup identifiers. Khoesan-derived maternal and paternal lineages include the deepest rooting L0d and L0k mtDNA [14], [19], [20] and A and to a lesser extent the B Y–chromosomal haplogroups [21]. Mitochondrial haplogroup analysis (Table S1) showed 100% of the Ju/'hoan (n = 19) and 85.7% of the !Xun (n = 14) carry a L0d/L0k lineage, while 92.9% of the Baster (n = 30), 68% of the Coloured (n = 25) and 47% of the amaXhosa (n = 15) presented with a L0d lineage (notably lacking L0k representation).The non-Khoesan maternal contribution to the !Xun, Baster and amaXhosa were all associated with Bantu expansion, specifically L0a, L2 or L3′4 [7]. Regional diversity (Figure S2A) included highest L0d contributions in the NC- (90%), followed by D6- (62.5%) and lowest in the EC-Coloured (42.9%). In contrast Bantu-associated maternal lineages were significant contributors to the EC- (42.9%), with minimal contributions to the D6- (12.5%) and absent in the NC-Coloured. The M/N Eurasian mtDNA lineages were represented at low frequencies in all the Coloured subgroups, with highest contributions to the D6-Coloured |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 3:42pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
Y-haplogroup analysis suggested a predominant Khoesan paternal contribution to the Ju/'hoan (11/14 males, 78.6%), specifically A2/A3b (10/11) and B2 (1/11), with remarkably minimal contribution to the !Xun (2/7 males A2-haplogroup, 28.6%). No data was available for the female contributing amaXhosa,[/b]while the Khoesan-derived paternal lineages were absent in the Coloured and Baster subjects. [b] Non-Khoesan contribution to the !Xun was dominated by E1b1b (4/7 males, 57.1%). Defined by the M215 marker (previously E3b), E1b1b is reportedly a common contributor to East African Nilotic speakers [22]. A single Ju/'hoan presented with E1b1b, while a single Ju/'hoan and !Xun presented with the Bantu-derived west/central African predominant E1b1a8a and E1b1a7 lineages, respectively. The Baster and Coloured (Table S2) present with significant Eurasian paternal contribution defined by haplogroups R/I/G/N/O/J, at 92.3% (12/13 males) and 71.4% (15/21 males), respectively. Predominance of the largely Western European R1b haplogroup (12/27, 44.4%) was observed [7]. Regional distributions (Figure S2B) for the Eurasian-derived paternal haplogroups were highest for the NC- (83.3%), followed by the D6- (75%), and EC-Coloured (57.1%). Bantu-derived (non-Khoesan) paternal contributions were inversely distributed from the EC around the south to the northwesterly Basters. Unlike East African Nilotic E1b1b predominance in the Namibian Khoesan, E1b1a was the most common African-associated paternal lineage in the Baster/Coloured and linked to Bantu west/central African origins [7], [23]. Gender analysis confirms regional relevance of our study subjects. |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 3:49pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
Defining homogenous founder representation Principal components analysis (PCA). We used PCA to provide an interpretable assessment of homogeneity and geographic origins of our study subjects (n = 103) in relation to globally relevant and platform-matched publically available data (n = 237). Merged data allowed for the interrogation of 33,207 overlapping genetic variants within 15 population identifiers. PCA shows clustering of the amaXhosa close to their Bantu ancestral roots, the Ju/'hoan and !Xun (exception NF2) show clustering defined by their Khoesan ancestral heritage, while the Coloured and Baster, as well as the published #Khomani, are highly admixed, suggesting ‘African non-Khoesan’, ‘African Khoesan’ and ‘non-African’ ancestral fractions (Figure 2A). The Yoruba, Ju/'hoan and European/Han Chinese form tight clusters at the outer extremes of these ancestral contributions, respectively. |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 4:05pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
Determining Southern African admixture fractions Estimations of similarity. Calculating Fst values using a supervised Admixture run and identity by state (IBS) distance sharing using PLINK (the latter for within and between population identifiers) was used to estimate population identity clusters for similarity (or dissimilarity) for 588 individuals from 15 populations using 24,402 markers (Table S11). The Ju/'hoan exhibit the greatest within group similarity (0.224), show the greatest similarity with the !Xun (IBS 0.240; Fst 0.047) and #Khomani (IBS 0.249; Fst 0.045) and the greatest dissimilarity with non-African populations, namely Han Chinese (IBS 0.317; Fst 0.188) and European (IBS 0.311; Fst 0.151). Although clearly both Khoesan, compared with the Ju/'hoan, the !Xun show greater similarity with Bantu populations (specifically amaXhosa, Luhya and Yoruba), while the #Khomani show greatest similarity with non-Africans (specifically European and Han Chinese). The amaXhosa exhibit the greatest similarity with the West and Eastern Bantu populations (IBS 0.274 each; Fst 0,032 Yoruba and 0.033 Luhya) and Khoesan populations (!Xun IBS 0.272, Fst 0.071; Ju/'hoan IBS 0.274, Fst 0.091). The Baster and Coloured show the strongest overall between-population similarity (IBS 0.281; Fst 0.02) and the largest similarity for all populations tested with Europeans (Baster IBS 0.283; Fst 0.034; Coloured IBS 0.286, Fst 0.037). |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 4:52pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
Lionessza6: What do you mean by the bolded. That there are clans of Xhosa who are 100% Khoi"? 50% Khoi? How did you determine, by looking at the phenotype? Lionessza6: There varying degrees of admixtures that will exist "within" any given population that have encountered each other. This is not the point. The point is when a study states that "Bantu peoples have Khoi ancestry at "mean" levels of 25%, what this indicates is there has been an admixture to a given population but that population genetically remains "predominantly" what it was before the encounter with different populations. I gave you this example using African Americans. Lionessza6: Then it is irrelevant to my assertion since this "small sample" is of no significance to a population study. Lionessza6: This is why we use confidence intervals and standard deviations when analyzing sample sizes. The greater the sampling the higher the confidence interval. Ergo if I have a 65% confidence interval when testing a sample size it is more than sufficient to make a clear and objective statement when speaking about the varying degrees of genetic make up witin a group of people. I don't need to sample the entirety of the African American population to determine that on average they cary 15-25% European genetic makeup in them. If I travelled to a region in new orleans for example which has a predominance of "creo" peoples. The information would be skewed and the confidence interval lower therefore I would not be able to make a definitive statment. These tests on Southern African DNA are derived from a data base of genomic information collected from several subjects over a span of many years stored at centers in labs in the Human genomic research centers. As more samples become available the confidence intervals better for each subsequent research that is done. Lionessza6: Hence the fact that they are derivatives of the same Bantu peoples, diverging only in dialect and not genetics. Lionessza6: irrelevant to the point being made Linguistic similarities are a clue to genetic similarities but are not a "definer" Lionessza6: Your history lesson has no bearing on the subject matter other than the groups aforementioned originate from a founder "bantu" population and are therefore inter-raleted |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 4:56pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
About the Authors Desiree C. Petersen AFFILIATION J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America Ondrej Libiger AFFILIATION The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America Elizabeth A. Tindall AFFILIATION J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America Rae-Anne Hardie AFFILIATIONS Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Linda I. Hannick Current address: Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America AFFILIATION J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America Richard H. Glashoff AFFILIATION Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa Mitali Mukerji AFFILIATION Insitute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Delhi, India Indian Genome Variation Consortium Pedro Fernandez AFFILIATION Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa Wilfrid Haacke AFFILIATION Department of Language and Literature Studies, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia Nicholas J. Schork AFFILIATION The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 5:05pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
JaceBlaze: We are done yet Jacey, grab a seat and wait till the end before waving your flag of victory. Its only just started. |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 5:09pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
Source document: https://www.isita-org.com/jass/Contents/2022vol100/Rocha/36433881.pdf Genetic diversity of Bantu-speaking peoples The overall genetic homogeneity of Bantuspeaking groups sharply contrasts with the divergence observed between Kx’a and Tuu-speaking populations, even taking into account signals of admixture with resident populations (Fig. 4). The sharing of a distinctive genetic composition by Bantu-speaking peoples residing across subequatorial Africa proves that Bantu languages were spread through a relatively recent demic expansion, rather than by cultural diffusion involving language shift by resident populations (Diamond and Bellwood 2003; Pakendorf, et al. 2011; Rocha and Fehn 2016). Recent studies combining the use of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with increased sampling coverage and new analytical approaches have provided important insights into the geographic routes of the Bantu migrations. By using a dense coverage of populations residing around the Bantu homeland in the Nigeria/Cameroon border, Patin et al. (2017) have shown that Bantu-speakers from the southern part of the rainforest are more related to eastern and southern African Bantu peoples than to Bantu-speaking populations that remained in the north. In line with these observations, Semo |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 5:12pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
Southern Africa comprises several contact zones marked by the encounter between West and East Bantu-speaking peoples whose ancestors and languages might have separated further north more than 3 kya (Koile et al. 2022): in the Namibian Caprivi Strip, Kavango-speakers from the West Bantu branch are in close neighborhood with the East Bantu-speaking Fwe, Lozi and Subiya; in Botswana’s Okavango Delta, West Bantu-speaking groups like the Mbukushu and Gciriku are interspersed with East Bantu speakers of the Sotho-Tswana branch; further east, in Zambia, a major overlap between multiple East and West Bantu groups can be observed. All these zones constitute foci of intense exchange between diverse Bantu cultural traditions and genetic ancestries. While Bantu speakers from different ethnolinguistic groups are known to interact with one another, their migratory movements also involved admixture with resident populations. In some East Bantu groups speaking languages of the Sotho-Tswana (Tswana, Sotho and Kgalagadi) or Nguni (Zulu and Xhosa) clusters, introgression of local forager genes can amount to more than 20% (Supplementary Fig. 4A). Interestingly, the languages of some admixed groups like Zulu and Xhosa are well known for their high load of click consonants, while others (like Tswana) do not display major traces of substrate influence (Pakendorf et al. 2017). |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 5:17pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
Admixture between Bantu incomersand resident communities was clearly sex-biased, as the proportion of Kx’a and Tuu-related ancestry found in most Bantu-speaking groups is higher for mtDNA than for the Y-chromosome (Supplementary Fig. 4B). This pattern indicates that the majority of mixed marriages in Bantuspeaking communities involved resident women and not resident men. Conversely, Bantu-related genetic material found in Kx’a and Tuu-speaking groups is mostly male-mediated, suggesting that Bantu women did not move into these forager communities, while Bantu men had non-marital sexual relationships with Kx’a and Tuu-speaking women, who raised their offspring in their own groups. This type of sex-biased interaction is also observed between rainforest hunter-gathers and Bantu-speakers from Central Africa (Verdu et al. 2013), and can be explained by the social inequality characterizing relationships between dominant Bantu-speakers and neighboring foraging groups. The levels and patterns of admixture are far from being spatially homogeneous. In southern Mozambique, groups like the Chopi, Tswa and Changana display lower amounts of introgression than their Sotho-Tswana and Ngunispeaking relatives from South Africa and Botswana (5% vs. 25%; Supplementary Fig. 4A). Forager-related ancestry is even more scarce in Bantu groups from regions further north, including Malawi where Kx’a and Tuu-related ancestry was found in ancient human remains pre-dating the Bantu expansion (Skoglund et al. 2017). In southwestern Bantu populations from Angola, Namibia and Botswana, low to intermediate levels of forager gene flow have been observed (Supplementary Fig. 4A). Marks et al. (2015) noted that the highest levels of forager introgression into Bantu populations are found to the south of a boundary running southeastwards from the Angola/Namibia border across northern Botswana up to the Mozambique/South Africa border. Since this line represents the edge of summer-rainfall, it might have retarded the advance of Bantu-speakers relying on summerrainfall crops, favoring their interactions with local populations (Marks et al. 2015). Other factors may have additionally contributed to this pattern, including a surfer-like effect commonly observed in range expansions, whereby most signs of introgression with resident populations occur far from the source of the expansion |
Re: Natasha Joubert - The New Miss South Africa 2023! (PICS) by Sepukku: 5:30pm On Aug 29, 2023 |
Lionessza6: Terrible analogy. Nobody paid anybody for scientific studies. Most graduates who specialize in genetic studies obtain their PHD's when they are published and peer reviewed. This is why there a piles and piles of studies we can reference to when speaking about these sorts of studies. This is conspiracy theory. Lionessza6: You are stuck in that Apartheid mindset. Only Afrikaaners perpetuated that myth. Most genetic, linguistic and anthropological studies support complex migratory patterns dating back to about 2000 years these include early migrations by pro bantu peopls and late migrations by your comtemporay Nguni- bantu peoples. This is why I tell you to read neh! Jaceblaze come and carry your sister from here. Her heart is filled with hate for the White man that she cannot think objectively outside of these biases |
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