Welcome, Guest: Register On Nairaland / LOGIN! / Trending / Recent / New
Stats: 3,153,441 members, 7,819,633 topics. Date: Monday, 06 May 2024 at 07:36 PM

Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? - Culture (6) - Nairaland

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Culture / Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? (61904 Views)

Hausa / Fulani Men (pictures) / Igbo Men And Inter- Tribal Marriage / Beautiful Hausa /fulani Girls ....( Photos) (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) ... (13) (Reply) (Go Down)

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 5:58am On Jun 18, 2015
kaura5000:
I hate it when people say hausa-fulani it means like we are one people with same civilization.. when in reality most of the culture,the architecture,the cities,the emirate administration systems, the music the everything are hausa.. fulani didnt contribute to any civilization in northern nigeria..we already have one of the best civilizations, oldest cities in africa, we are already muslims before they came etc

I don't agree with you, but hey you are entitled to your opinion
Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Nobody: 3:00pm On Jun 18, 2015
Fulaman198:


I don't agree with you, but hey you are entitled to your opinion

So are you. What is your opinion? And why do you have that opinion?
Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 3:43pm On Jun 18, 2015
CryptDarpick:


So are you. What is your opinion? And why do you have that opinion?

My opinion is that every culture in the North has influenced one another due to mixing heritages and blood lines. That is actually fact and can't be denied.

The fact that the Hausa "Sarakuna" equivalent to the Fulfulde term of "Lambe" are all Fulani by blood should tell people something.

If there was no Fulani influence in the North, there would obviously be a much more widespread Hausa Boori subculture. That's why Kaura's statement is outlandish.

She is correct however that the Hausa were Muslims long before Fulbe (Fulani) came to Nigeria. However, to say that the North has no Fulani influence when the Sokoto Caliphate is one of the greatest Fulani accomplishments of all time is ridiculous.

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Nobody: 4:17pm On Jun 18, 2015
Fulaman198:


My opinion is that every culture in the North has influenced one another due to mixing heritages and blood lines. That is actually fact and can't be denied.

The fact that the Hausa "Sarakuna" equivalent to the Fulfulde term of "Lambe" are all Fulani by blood should tell people something.

If there was no Fulani influence in the North, there would obviously be a much more widespread Hausa Boori subculture. That's why Kaura's statement is outlandish.

She is correct however that the Hausa were Muslims long before Fulbe (Fulani) came to Nigeria. However, to say that the North has no Fulani influence when the Sokoto Caliphate is one of the greatest Fulani accomplishments of all time is ridiculous.

But those lambes have never been called lambe, theyre called sarakuna, even amongst the fulanis.

I dont understand, is there anything the hausas do now which you consider or see as a derivation from fulani culture?

The sokoto caliphate is an ancient caliphate. A hierarchy or or caste of leadership that was established using hausa principles and uses hausa principles of leadership.

What hes asking for is fulani contribution to the so called hausa fulani culture.
Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by kaura5000: 5:44pm On Jun 18, 2015
Fulaman198:

My opinion is that every culture in the North has influenced one another due to mixing heritages and blood lines. That is actually fact and can't be denied.
The fact that the Hausa "Sarakuna" equivalent to the Fulfulde term of "Lambe" are all Fulani by blood should tell people something.
If there was no Fulani influence in the North, there would obviously be a much more widespread Hausa Boori subculture. That's why Kaura's statement is outlandish.
She is correct however that the Hausa were Muslims long before Fulbe (Fulani) came to Nigeria. However, to say that the North has no Fulani influence when the Sokoto Caliphate is one of the greatest Fulani accomplishments of all time is ridiculous.
lol you didnt answer my question... the greatest thing the fulani did is conquering hausa using islam reformation as a measure.. they have no hand in that civilization.. if there is any you can list... and also why would bori be widespread when the first jihad in northern nigeria against the tsumburburq bori cult was a hausa by hausa king sarki kaneneji... lol hausa have great empire's before you did.. queen amina conquered most of the areas of sokoto caliphate and guess what she made her empire to reach the sea shores which danfodio cant.. without hiding behind religion queen amina conquered as hausa before muslim... why danfodio came to us as a muslim reformer.. between them you can know who is great

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by kaura5000: 5:55pm On Jun 18, 2015
Lol hausa were one of the first set of westafricans to become muslim.. lol and there is this kind of lie people due think fulbe people spread islam in west africa.. and then I asked my self how.. which major ethnic did fula make muslims? Not small one.. if there is anyone to take credit of islam in west Africa .. it would be the mali people the wangara merchants

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by kaura5000: 5:58pm On Jun 18, 2015
And then why must fula greatness be in hausaland.. if they truly great it would be from guinea.. not hausaland which is already great, with rich history,administrative system before fulani came.. you know what even the British used our hausa mode of government
Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 6:14pm On Jun 18, 2015
CryptDarpick:


But those lambes have never been called lambe, theyre called sarakuna, even amongst the fulanis.

I dont understand, is there anything the hausas do now which you consider or see as a derivation from fulani culture?

The sokoto caliphate is an ancient caliphate. A hierarchy or or caste of leadership that was established using hausa principles and uses hausa principles of leadership.

What hes asking for is fulani contribution to the so called hausa fulani culture.

Because of the Fulani, there is far less of a spread of Boori (unless we are talking about the Maguzawa). Boori however is still more prevalent in Niger republic. Why do you think that Nigerian Hausa culture is different (not entirely different) from Nigerien (Niger) Hausa culture? Fulani influence on Hausa people in Niger is less than it is in Nigeria and Cameroon.

Edit: Forgot to mention that the term Lamido (comes from Lamdo in Fulfulde) is a complete 100% Fulani term and is the Hausa equivalent of Sarki(n)

1 Like 1 Share

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 6:19pm On Jun 18, 2015
kaura5000:
lol you didnt answer my question... the greatest thing the fulani did is conquering hausa using islam reformation as a measure.. they have no hand in that civilization.. if there is any you can list... and also why would bori be widespread when the first jihad in northern nigeria against the tsumburburq bori cult was a hausa by hausa king sarki kaneneji... lol hausa have great empire's before you did.. queen amina conquered most of the areas of sokoto caliphate and guess what she made her empire to reach the sea shores which danfodio cant.. without hiding behind religion queen amina conquered as hausa before muslim... why danfodio came to us as a muslim reformer.. between them you can know who is great

Bii Foduye (Dan Fodio) was not trying to reach the sea shores his only ambition was to spread Fulbe rule/dominance amongst the Hausa peeps. Also to answer CryptDarpick's question about why the Fulbe in the NW speak Hausa as opposed to Fulfulde is due to laziness in my opinion. Or the fact that Fulani love learning others languages sometimes at the cost of their own (the Wasulu are a perfect example).

2 Likes 1 Share

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 6:23pm On Jun 18, 2015
kaura5000:
And then why must fula greatness be in hausaland.. if they truly great it would be from guinea.. not hausaland which is already great, with rich history,administrative system before fulani came.. you know what even the British used our hausa mode of government

I don't mean to sound arrogant and excuse me if I am, but Fulbe "greatness" could be found all over West Africa

Here are examples:

1. Fouta Djallon of Guinea (where the Fulbe conquered the Jallonke people (whom are Mande)).
2. Fouta Tooro (This is the region that Bii Foduye's bloodline comes from). The Toorobe are a sub-group of Fulani aristocrats. (Senegal/Mauritania)
3. Maasina - In Mali, the Fulbe (Fulani) have a domineering presence and as a result, the Fulani language is the second most spoken language.
4. Sokoto and Adamawa - One of the Fulani's greatest strongholds (Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon)
5. Fuladu - Gambia/Southern Senegal

All of West Africa has a significant Fulani influence, however, the Fulani are not really mean-spirited people. Instead of forcing others to adhere to our cultural principles, we have no qualms with allowing people to practise their respective cultures and often we even inherit their cultures (sometimes) as well.

3 Likes 2 Shares

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by kaura5000: 6:35pm On Jun 18, 2015
Lol I mean the people you guys made muslim... when you are talking of different practice of islam between hausas.. what would you say about the fulbe from guinea and senegal? I think those guyz from this countries are the worst...

2 Likes

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by kaura5000: 6:41pm On Jun 18, 2015
But mind you I have nothing against fula is just that when stating facts we must say it correctly.. which I maintain there is minimal contribution by fula to civilization if northern nigeria.. and also fulbe didnt islamize any major west african tribe... n
Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by kaura5000: 6:43pm On Jun 18, 2015
And no danfodio main reason was reform islam and root out curruption among hausa kings.. danfodio came to us as a muslim before being fulbe
Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 6:46pm On Jun 18, 2015
kaura5000:
Lol I mean the people you guys made muslim... when you are talking of different practice of islam between hausas.. what would you say about the fulbe from guinea and senegal? I think those guyz from this countries are the worst...

OmarBah is a Fulani from Guinea so I will hold back a lot on my opinion in regards to Guinea.

It is true that Guinea is a lot more liberal in regards to Islam than say Nigeria, but It's not my place to judge. I still think good men and women come out of Guinea.

Senegal is a mixed bag. It has garnered notoriety in its ability to attract older white women seeking young black males (most of which are Wolof). Some parts of Senegal are extremely religious whilst other parts are more liberal.

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by kaura5000: 6:50pm On Jun 18, 2015
I think both fulbe and hausa are great people from great civilizations not to be making it a one sided story given all credit to fulbe even when many are hausa

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by kaura5000: 6:50pm On Jun 18, 2015
After all we are all africans

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by alexlee50: 7:04pm On Jun 18, 2015
Fulaman198:


That statement is false, Very false. Culture and religion are not the same. Not all Muslims eat the same foods. Not all Muslims listen to the same music, not all Muslims speak the same language. I don't know where you think you can go of making such ridiculous statements. Do you even know anything about the North...?
I don't know where you come from but I can tell you authoritatively that in northern Nigeria, religion forms the culture for the Muslims. And anything outside what the Koran teaches is not practised by a good Muslim.
Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 8:36pm On Jun 18, 2015
alexlee50:
I don't know where you come from but I can tell you authoritatively that in northern Nigeria, religion forms the culture for the Muslims. And anything outside what the Koran teaches is not practised by a good Muslim.

You are wrong

Almaijiri for example has nothing to do with Islam from other parts of the world because there is no Almajiri system in Saudi Arabia. It's not even a Fulani-based culture either. The Almaijiri customs are strictly Hausa.

Everyone knows that language and food plays an integral part of culture. Most Muslims for example can not speak my language (Fulfulde) which is the Fulani language. In addition, most people do not eat Fulani foods like Kossam e lacciri, lacciri e hakko, maro e hakko, Biradam e nebbam, etc. etc.

In addition, the kind of music played by Fulani peoples is a unique form of Sahelian music. Each Sahelian group in Northern Nigeria (Hausa, Kanuri, etc. etc.) all have their own styles of music. Each all have their own foods as well. What the the Hausa call (Fura da nono) is actually a Fulani drink known as Kossam e lacciri. Arabs and other groups in the middle east don't even have a similar culture. The only thing we have in common with other Muslims is Islam. Again, I will repeat myself, Islam is but a subset of culture. We don't share anything else with other Islamic groups (Clothing, language, food, music, etc.) each of the aforementioned are integral parts of culture.

You must not be from Nigeria, let alone Africa.

1 Like 1 Share

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 8:37pm On Jun 18, 2015
kaura5000:
I think both fulbe and hausa are great people from great civilizations not to be making it a one sided story given all credit to fulbe even when many are hausa

I agree, I love Hausa people and I love traditional Hausa music. In fact, on my YouTube channel, I have a lot of traditional Hausa music. I love how the Hausa play Kalangu. We Fulbe can't play it like the Hausa (not even close).

What I'm trying to say that each cultural and ethnic group bring some very interesting things to the table. Without the Hausa, Niger and Nigeria would suck. Without the Fulani, Niger and Nigeria would suck. Each group is equally important.

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Nobody: 9:11pm On Jun 18, 2015
Fulaman198:


Bii Foduye (Dan Fodio) was not trying to reach the sea shores his only ambition was to spread Fulbe rule/dominance amongst the Hausa peeps.
I think dan fodio was either envious of the hausas or he was opressed by them. So he united the whole fulani people and exploited the fact that tha hausa kingdoms and people werent united, and so they took them down kingdom by kingdom, they didnt need to divide, they just needed to conquer. After he won, instead of enforcing superiority he instead smartly cemented his position by slowing merging the fulanis into the hausa kingdoms using religion as his decoy. In the end he got the backing and support of the hausas, who in turn have increased the status of both them selves and the fulanis, this was also beneficial ultimately to the hausas because in the end, the fulanis are on their team now, whatever the political aspirations of the hausas are. Same goes for every minority group that has merged with the hausas.

Also to answer CryptDarpick's question about why the Fulbe in the NW speak Hausa as opposed to Fulfulde is due to laziness in my opinion. Or the fact that Fulani love learning others languages sometimes at the cost of their own (the Wasulu are a perfect example).
No, the question is whether or not theres any part of wrongly termed hausa fulani culture you see as a derivation from fulani culture. And i think the matter of fulanis learning hausa in nigeria is not due to fun, i believe its because in the 19th century, your ancestor tried to swallow a whale, in the end all he got was the front row seat to see the whale disassemble what makes his people limb by limb, and most of them dont even see it.

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 9:21pm On Jun 18, 2015
CryptDarpick:

I think dan fodio was either envious of the hausas or he was opressed by them. So he united the whole fulani people and exploited the fact that tha hausa kingdoms and people werent united, and so they took them down kingdom by kingdom, they didnt need to divide, they just needed to conquer. After he won, instead of enforcing superiority he instead smartly cemented his position by slowing merging the fulanis into the hausa kingdoms using religion as his decoy. In the end he got the backing and support of the hausas, who in turn have increased the status of both them selves and the fulanis, this was also beneficial ultimately to the hausas because in the end, the fulanis are on their team now, whatever the political aspirations of the hausas are. Same goes for every minority group that has merged with the hausas.


No, the question is whether or not theres any part of wrongly termed hausa fulani culture you see as a derivation from fulani culture. And i think the matter of fulanis learning hausa in nigeria is not due to fun, i believe its because in the 19th century, your ancestor tried to swallow a whale, in the end all he got was the front row seat to see the whale disassemble what makes his people limb by limb, and most of them dont even see it.

I don't know if Bii Foduye is my ancestor as I don't belong to the Toorobe clan of the Fulani. I also speak Fluent Fulfulde better than Hausa. We Fulanis from the NE do still speak Fulfulde. I also never stated that Fulbe learning and adopting Hausa was due to laziness and not fun.

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Nobody: 4:47am On Jun 19, 2015
Fulaman198:


I don't know if Bii Foduye is my ancestor as I don't belong to the Toorobe clan of the Fulani. I also speak Fluent Fulfulde better than Hausa. We Fulanis from the NE do still speak Fulfulde. I also never stated that Fulbe learning and adopting Hausa was due to laziness and not fun.

Too lazy to learn their own language but not too lazy to learn another? Yeah well maybe i'm wrong. Jam waala.
Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 9:50am On Jun 19, 2015
CryptDarpick:


Too lazy to learn their own language but not too lazy to learn another? Yeah well maybe i'm wrong. Jam waala.

Loll what you just said means "no peace"

I know you meant Jam Waali smiley

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Nobody: 11:43am On Jun 19, 2015
Fulaman198:


Loll what you just said means "no peace"

I know you meant Jam Waali smiley

Useko. Mi Yiddi mallumjo.
Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Omarbah: 3:42pm On Jun 19, 2015
kaura5000:
Lol I mean the people you guys made muslim... when you are talking of different practice of islam between hausas.. what would you say about the fulbe from guinea and senegal? I think those guyz from this countries are the worst...
And what do you mean they are the worst?

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Omarbah: 4:03pm On Jun 19, 2015
kaura5000:
But mind you I have nothing against fula is just that when stating facts we must say it correctly.. which I maintain there is minimal contribution by fula to civilization if northern nigeria.. and also fulbe didnt islamize any major west african tribe... n
Wrong, the Bambara embraced Islam after the Jihad of Seku Amadu and later on El Hadj Umar Tall. Also the major Marabout families in Senegal are of Tukulor origins. And it was during the Jihads of Tukulors( more of less successful) and later on Mouridism that Islam penetrated Wolof society. It was these Jihads that made it possible for a Muslim to practice his religion freely in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea and Mali.

2 Likes

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Takamba: 6:29am On Jun 23, 2015
Fulaman198:


OmarBah is a Fulani from Guinea so I will hold back a lot on my opinion in regards to Guinea.

It is true that Guinea is a lot more liberal in regards to Islam than say Nigeria, but It's not my place to judge. I still think good men and women come out of Guinea.

Senegal is a mixed bag. It has garnered notoriety in its ability to attract older white women seeking young black males (most of which are Wolof). Some parts of Senegal are extremely religious whilst other parts are more liberal.


No Fula, every ethnic group do that in Senegal, regardless of origin, they all wanna escape poverty. I'll say that it's the Serer boys who do it the most, just because the main touristic city happens to be Mbour, which is a Serer area.

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Takamba: 6:35am On Jun 23, 2015
Omarbah:

Wrong, the Bambara embraced Islam after the Jihad of Seku Amadu and later on El Hadj Umar Tall. Also the major Marabout families in Senegal are of Tukulor origins. And it was during the Jihads of Tukulors( more of less successful) and later on Mouridism that Islam penetrated Wolof society. It was these Jihads that made it possible for a Muslim to practice his religion freely in Senegal, Gambia, Guinea and Mali.

Actually islam penetred Wolof society almost as early as in Toucouleur society, the thing is most Wolofs were just very mild muslims. Most of them were ceddo and muslims at the same time.
Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Omarbah: 2:03pm On Jun 23, 2015
Takamba:


Actually islam penetred Wolof society almost as early as in Toucouleur society, the thing is most Wolofs were just very mild muslims. Most of them were ceddo and muslims at the same time.
Most ethnic groups in the region got exposed to Islam around the 11th century with the Almoravids. But like I said, it did not take a stronghold among them. Fulanis in Guinea, Mali and even Souleymane Baal in Northern Senegal had to fight the fula pagans among themselves too.

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Omarbah: 2:17pm On Jun 23, 2015
Fulaman198:


OmarBah is a Fulani from Guinea so I will hold back a lot on my opinion in regards to Guinea.

It is true that Guinea is a lot more liberal in regards to Islam than say Nigeria, but It's not my place to judge. I still think good men and women come out of Guinea.

Senegal is a mixed bag. It has garnered notoriety in its ability to attract older white women seeking young black males (most of which are Wolof). Some parts of Senegal are extremely religious whilst other parts are more liberal.
I still do not know what she meant that fulas in Guinea and Senegal are the worst. Like you said, some people from these countries are too liberal and others too convervative. Those two countries are among the few where it is extremely rare to see a Fulani who isn't Muslim. I was shocked to see Fulani Christians in Burkina Faso and apparently there are some in Nigeria too.
No later than last week, in Labe, the city with the largest Fula concentration banned a sell on Alcohol in clear violation of any law that applies to the rest of the country. A few months back, there was a Fula cleric that said he received emissaries asking him to join Boko Haram. Why am I mentionning this? I would rather let women dress how they want, let people be liberal or conservative willingly than have the society fall into extremism. You could end up with crazy Africans that want to be Arabs, with no understanding of the essence of Islam start bombings mosques in their misguided attempt to turn African Muslims into Saudi style Muslims.

1 Like

Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 3:11pm On Jun 23, 2015
Omarbah:

I still do not know what she meant that fulas in Guinea and Senegal are the worst. Like you said, some people from these countries are too liberal and others too convervative. Those two countries are among the few where it is extremely rare to see a Fulani who isn't Muslim. I was shocked to see Fulani Christians in Burkina Faso and apparently there are some in Nigeria too.
No later than last week, in Labe, the city with the largest Fula concentration banned a sell on Alcohol in clear violation of any law that applies to the rest of the country. A few months back, there was a Fula cleric that said he received emissaries asking him to join Boko Haram. Why am I mentionning this? I would rather let women dress how they want, let people be liberal or conservative willingly than have the society fall into extremism. You could end up with crazy Africans that want to be Arabs, with no understanding of the essence of Islam start bombings mosques in their misguided attempt to turn African Muslims into Saudi style Muslims.

So true my brother. I know that Kaura doesn't want to admit it, but I think she deep down dislikes us Fulbe.
Re: Why Do Yoruba Muslims & Hausa-fulani Muslims Not Inter-marry? by Fulaman198(m): 3:12pm On Jun 23, 2015
Takamba:



No Fula, every ethnic group do that in Senegal, regardless of origin, they all wanna escape poverty. I'll say that it's the Serer boys who do it the most, just because the main touristic city happens to be Mbour, which is a Serer area.

Oh ok I'm sorry dear for the misunderstanding. Nanga def?

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) ... (13) (Reply)

Why Oluwo Akanbi Divorced Chanel Chin: The Real Reason / Adeyeye Ogunwusi, Ooni Arives Ife Ahead Of His Coronation / Hausa/Fulani Girls Are The Most Beautiful In Nigeria [Photos]

(Go Up)

Sections: politics (1) business autos (1) jobs (1) career education (1) romance computers phones travel sports fashion health
religion celebs tv-movies music-radio literature webmasters programming techmarket

Links: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Nairaland - Copyright © 2005 - 2024 Oluwaseun Osewa. All rights reserved. See How To Advertise. 88
Disclaimer: Every Nairaland member is solely responsible for anything that he/she posts or uploads on Nairaland.