We have 2 types of surveyor
Quantity surveyors and Land Surveyors.

the are two different proffessions.Quantity surveyors
are related more to building and civil works. while Land surveyors has to do with lands.
A Quantity surveyors main tool is his or her SMM(standard method of measurement) for building works or civil works and his or her scale rule.
A Land surveyors main tool is his or her theodolite and levelling instrument

for SUPERSTRUCTUREi.e above foundation,the list are

1 WALLS AND CLADDING
2 REINFORCEMENT
3 FORMWORK
4 BLOCKWORK
5 FINISHING(FLOOR has to be tiles or screedingetc,WALL, has to be plastering,rendering or tiles,CEILING has to be suspended or whatever materials you want to use for your ceiling)
6 EXTERNAL WORKS(KERBS,SOAKAWAY AND SEPTIC TANK,LATERITE FILLING etc)
7 PAINTING AND DECORATION

for FENCING;

1 CONCRETE WORK
2 BLOCK WORK
3 FINISHING
4 PAINTING AND DECORATION

for ROOF;(maybe longspan,zinc whatever you want to use for your roof

for ;LANDSCAPING;
whatever kind of materials you want to use to beautify your surrounding.

[color=#006600][/color][b][/b]taking off is all about picking dimensions from your working drawings into your taking off sheet.

your taking off sheet is a specially ruled paper that has columns.

first of all,you need your scale rule which is one of the most important tool as a Quantity surveyor.before you start your taking off,be sure that your drawing is drawn to scale and the dimensions given.it will be easier if all the dimensions are well specified.it will make your job easy and fast.whereby the dimensions are not given,you now make use of your scale rule.the scale rule reads so many dimensions.check for the scale of the drawing you are about taking off to see if its drawn to scale like 1;100,1;200,1;150 etc.then you start your taking off.

In reading your dimensions,you need to be very careful to see if its been dimension in to in as in block wall to block wall.

In taking off,you list out the things you need to take off for example,if its a building you want to take off, these are the list of things you need to take off for;

FOR FOUNDATION;these are things needed

1 CLEARING OF SITE
2 EXCAVATION (TOPSOIL,TRENCH)
3 EARTHWORK SUPPORT
4 LEVELING AND COMPACTING
5 FORMWORK
6 BLINDING
7 CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION
8 BLOCKWALL
9 HARDCORE/LATERITE
10 CONCRETE SLAB

All sins are equal in the sight of God. The consequences and Penalty are also eqaul in the sight of God.'' For the wages of sin is death , "Rom 6 23.HELL FIRE is the end point cept you get bornagain that is the only way you can run away from it. It can be likened to people working in the same company but in different department. the truth is that they all work in the same company of sin but in different department like dept of lying, Dept of fornication, Dept of adultery, Dept of malice, Dept of 419, Dept of raping, Dept of bearing false witness Dept of dis and that name it anthing wrong in the eyes of God.

[i]yes i agree.white weddings are meant for virgins alone.cos white stands for purity.[[/i]i][/i]

Enough gist dey!

Which levels you dey!

my hair dey grow dada!

Why you dey fall my hands.

They don hammer!

Nothing dey happen

Nna na wa o!

Gbese!

We dey manage!

This is nigeria for you!

I.M

Na naija we dey,anything can happen!

its no crime speaking pidgin! ? i dont speak pidgin to my parents. i hardly use my language igbo to communicate with my dad,can manage with my mum.but for my siblings,pidgin can go. my parents never taught me pidgin,i learnt it myself in school (higher institution.) i catch my fun speaking it to friends i've not seen for a long time.

With God both good wives and good jobs are possible. just get connected to him cause he is the best connection.

thanx for the information!

Nice one!

Dont understand,

is it that women re that difficult?that God could not understand them?or what?

micklplus, i agree with what u said.but remember ladies are moved by what they hear.

hm

this is really nice!whaow

ha ha nice one. the women actually thought he meant their discussion.

nice one

ha   ha    ha    that serves him right.he thinks his wiser than God.

Awwwwwwwh poor him!

well its a lesson.when next he wants to, maybe after another nine years,he should not be in a hurry to pronounce each of the words.
he can go by this myyyy darrrrrlingggg, iiiiii loooove yooouuuu!wiiillll yoouuu maaarrryyyy meeeeee? even if the princess has an ear problem, she will hear him clear.

ha ha ha na una sabi whether na the boy disgrace the girl or na the girl disgrace the boy so far as there was a disgrace,DISGRACE IS DISGRACE

abi?too bad

yea life begins at 40 but its preferable to appreciate the way God made You.there re so many natural things you can do to look fit.you musn't go for a surgery

i was opportuned to be in the place where an interview was been conducted for christians that were to go for pilgrimage in Jerusalem. i was surprise to see a hausa guy that was not a christian but some other religion.when it was his turn to be interviewed i purposely entered the room.the interviewer started

interviewer: what is your name?

Idris: my name i bi Idris

interviewer: what do you do for a living?

Idris:i bi pursue cow

finallly the interviwer now asked

interviewer: are you a christian?

Idris :yes i bi christian

interviewer:can you please recite in the name of the father for me

Idris: to madala,ba wahala. in the name of the father ai na small thing

Idris now started reciting in the name of the father as follows

Idris: IN THE NAME OF THE FATHER AND THE MOTHER AND THE BROTHER AND THE SISTER AND THE AUNTY AND THE UNCLE AND CHIJDREN AND ANY BODY WEY DEY CLOSE TO THE FATHER.

interviewer: thank you very much Mr Idris you may have to come back next year for this goodday.

i invite one guy called bro lagbaja come my church one sunday.after the message na him my pastor say "if u want to give ur life to christ pls come out" this guy came out whole heartedly & gave his life to christ.you know all this pastors dem wey dey look 4 members now.the next sunday as we come church na him my pastor say bro lagbaja come and lead us in praise and worship.bro lagbaja come dey confuse.as he hold the microphone na him my pastor say bro lagbaja i know u can do better than this.bro lagbaja come say yes pastor.me i come surprise because i never see uncle lala as we dey call am sing gospel music b4.pastor come find trouble say start with any song. o boyyy! na im uncle lala start oo,hmmmmmmm , u know song wey him sing "THIS IS SUPER STORYYYYYYYYYYYYY A LIFE OF , " abeg una fit help me complete am. as if that one no do, my pastor come say ok take another worship song uncle lala come sing "THIS NA TEMPTAaaaaaaaaaTION WITH A LITTLE CONFUSION, "

Why is it that ladies are more faithful in marriage? Some people will tell you its a mans world.what do they mean by that?

The priest in a small Irish village was very fond of the chickens he kept in the hen house out the back of the parish rectory. He had a cock rooster and about ten hens.

One Saturday night the cock rooster was missing and the priest suspected that was the time the cock fights occurred in the village.

So he decided to do something about it at church the next morning.

At Mass, he asked the congregation, "Has anybody got a cock?" All the men stood up.

"No, No," he said, "that wasn't what I meant. Has anybody seen a cock?"

All the women stood up. "No, No," he said, "that wasn't what I meant. Has anybody seen a cock that doesn't belong to them?"

Half the women stood up. "No, No," he said, "that wasn't what I meant. Has anybody seen my cock?"
All the alter boys stood up,