Greetings to the members of this thread.

I am a Masters student of Chemical Engineering in Nigeria. I also hold a Diploma in Environmental Engineering. My research area is design of processes that utilize waste as material and energy resources. Right now i'm working on utilization of agricultural waste for energy generation via biomass combustion.
The picture attached is a rough model I tried using palm kernel shell.
Advice is welcomed from these respected scholars in the house

Welcome to Odfid Technical Center.

This is just a model - work is still in progress. This small size stove is using palm kernel shell as its fuel source. Oxygen is supplied by means of a 3V output DC fan. Do you imagine that this test model burns sustainably for 30minutes without smoking! It boils one litre of water within just 5minutes. We are working day and night to scale it up. It is a prototype of a fixed bed reactor (combustor) employing shrinking core model.

We promote biomass energy as a sustainable green energy source. We move to convert agricultural waste to energy. We think renewable.

You can reach us on 07037263653 to register your interest.

"Odfid ... Ensuring competence."

I was fast to understand MATLAB because I took my FORTRAN class serious. However, BASIC and FORTRAN should be learnt in secondary school. That is why I make BASIC compulosry to high school kids at my Technical Center.

WoundedLamb:


Hhmm... Interesting.

What actually happens when salt is dissolved in water is that the water molecules force the Sodium and the the Chloride apart and surround each of those (depending on the charges) and thereby forming a homogenous solution. This breakup implies that the solution isn't a mixture. In other words, the process involves a chemical change (the reactants are different from the products).

However, going from this explanation, you may be correct about the initial products formed. Theoretically, the equation I wrote is correct. But does water actually break up as well? Perhaps not (except when forced). Water has a stronger covalent bond (than the ionic bond of salt), therefore, only the salt is broken down (as explained in the paragraph above). The water remains acqua and surrounds the Sodium of the Chloride (again depending on the charges).

In summary, this is more likely to be the natural result of mixing salt and water:

NaCl ==> Na+ + Cl−

But like I said, the solution can still be forcefully be separated into NaOH + HCL using direct current (electrolysis) thus resulting in the first equation.

Please, feel free to point out any erroneous assumptions. I'm not an authority in chemistry.



See details above.

I love your analysis. The ions can be forcefully dissociated and recombined during electrolysis - not in ordinary dissolution. That is why a mixture of the salt and water can easily be separation by evaporation showing that the process was just a physical change rather than chemical. What's your discipline?

WoundedLamb:
For science students who don't have time to read long texts, the OP took Sodium Hydroxide (caustic soda) and Hydrochloric Acid to cure stomach pains. Here is the summary:

NaCl + H₂0 ==> NaOH + HCl

I doubt. Salt plus Water just give a a mixture. I don't think they react to give those products.

Applicants have suffered in the hands of recruiters. You hear seminars everywhere teaching applicants how to make their CV to be appealing. When you do it they now shout fake. Stay off seminars, make your CV simple - format you were taught in GNS. Whoever will hire you will. Connected youths submit their CVs after employment. Average youths spend money to attend seminars and even pay for CVs to be written.

Very soon it is the deceased family that will apologise to the murderer. Welcome to Nigeria

I get so excited designing processes that convert waste to resources. Plantain peel is a rich source of potassium hydroxide which gives an improved quality bathing soap than caustic soda (sodium hydroxide).
This article explains the practical steps on how I converted this waste to this valuable resource.
Learn and share.
I'm available for questions and input.
Odfid

https://odfidtechnicalworld..com/2021/05/look-how-i-used-plantain-peel-to-make.html

Were they in relationship before? They knew the terms of the contract they were in. Both of them have benefitted. I wish them well in their new phase of life.

These tips are for people who are so disadvantaged that they may never get the so-called dream lecturing job. Those getting the job use just one tip - be connected. Nigeria is so comfortable that they don't need the best. If you are good and gifted in your field try and commercialize your findings. When you have the fame, academic will look for you.

This is a great one. Metals, plastics, agricultural and kitchen waste are amazing resources for industrial processing.

Nigerians can even misappropriate funds given to them to better their lives. Government should not stop the grant. The youths should be trained on enterpreneurship before given the grant. And the businesses should be monitored and the enterpreneur mentored. Dashing out money in the name of grant is counter-productive.

I'm interested in renewable energy that is why I stopped by to read. Unfortunately the article is not selling the concept of energy but their data analysis prowess.

This one just wants to trend. You can't be have Ph.D, with experience in Education and IT and then lives on N200daily. It's either he is lying about his worth or cannot value himself. This is how they would come online and make going to school look less attractive. The N6000 monthly worthy he is quoting is certainly one of his sources of income. Was it N200 daily income he used to achieve this enviable educational height?

Good tips. Does it also apply to biodiesel engines?

I really feel for the Federal Government of Nigeria. They spend so much to support education and research but have little to nothing in return in area of practical application to growing economy. From TETFund to PTDF, local to abroad scholarship but no result. Why can't knowledge work in our country?

I have been searching for this too. I'm currently running my Masters programme. Like I told my colleagues, who were busy with classes like undergraduate students, that at this level we need scholarship opportunities, research grants, graduate internship, graduate assistance opportunities etc.

Ever heard of the world’s fastest and most efficient computer? It was actually invented by a Nigerian, by name, Dr. Philip Emeagwali. Dr. Emeagwali carefully studied the efficient ways in which bees communicate and build honeycombs and decided to create a computer that could work that way.

The result was that he successfully combined 65,000 processors to invent the world’s fastest the computer, which performs computations at 3.1 billion calculations per second. Today, Dr. Philip Emeagwali’s invention is applied in weather forecasting supercomputers as well as computers which can predict global warming.

continue reading ...
https://odfidtechnicalworld..com/2020/10/do-you-know-that-worlds-fastest.html

Apart from saying Ngozi is our sister I think we should judge both candidates by how much their positions have impacted on the economic life of their individual country. Except we will argue that Nigeria doesn't respond to intellectual solutions.

I think this post is about the Governor not the Teacher. No information about the teacher - his subject, his qualification, his contribution. No information about the award - the criteria and what it mean to the teaching profession.

I'm sure this is same thing that will happen over the new wind of RAPE claims. Many things tag as rape are not rape. Most are consensual sex gone bad others are sexual knowledge with minors which many are consensual. But to nail whoever is involved tag it rape and gain public sympathy. Other rape claims are mere blackmail.

A fully deregulated downstream petroleum sector is the right step in the right direction. This is commendable and it will encourage investors to come in.

1. SCIENCE PRACTICALS: Nigerian schools have deficiency in practicals and it affects the quality of Doctors, Engineers, and Scientists we produce. Is your school new? I can get a very little amount of money from you and buy apparatus for Chemistry, Physics, and Biology Practicals. Design experiments you can start with then with time you keep buying other apparatus till you have everything that is stipulated by the regulatory bodies. For old schools, I can come around on contract to cordinate and execute science practicals.

2. ICT: This is the bedrock of modern day career. There is ICT in every discipline now. I can come around and help you set-up your ICT Lab, with a system or two - to start with. You will upgrade with time. If you are running WAEC Syllabus you will need MS Office, Graphics Suites, and BASIC Programming software. If you are running NABTEB Syllabus you will need the above tools. The only difference is that you will substitute AutoCAD for BASIC. I can assist your school to cordinate this.

3. BASIC TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOP: All professionals would end up using tools and equipment and this has made BST compulsory in our secondary schools. I can get very little amount of money from you to set-up a workshop. This workshop will expose your students to practicals in the area of technology. You will save cost of maintenance as the students would be the ones to handle minor repairs, services and products for you.

4. JETS Club: Junior Engineers, Technicians and Scientists club is one club I can help setup in your school. The students in schools i've assisted so far keep rolling out testimonies.

Make your school outstanding today. Let me give you the Technical support. 07037263653 (Odfid Technical Services ... Ensuring competence).

Find out more: https://odfidtechnicalworld..com/2020/09/four-ways-i-can-help-make-your.html

To commemorate the World Coconut Day, I deem it fit to share this piece from pages of my work.
Characterization of Coconut Oil
Synonyms: Copra oil, Oleum Cocois (Harry, 1963). Coconut oil is edible oil extracted from the kennel of matured coconuts harvested from the coconuts palms (Cocos nucifera). It has various applications in food, medicine, and industry. Because of its high saturated fat content it is slow to oxide and, thus, resistant to rancidification, lasting up to two years without spoiling. (Fife, 2005)
The following is average fatty acid composition of Coconut oil – saturated acids: Caproic acid (0.2%), Caprylic acid (8.0%), Capric acid (7.0%), lauric acid (48.0%), Mystric acid (17.5%) palmitic acid (8.8%) and Stearic acid (2.0%) Unsaturated acids: Oleic acid (6.0%) and linoleic acid (2.5%). Coconut oil occurs as white semi-solid, lard-lime fat readily becomes rancid on exposure to air. It is sometimes hydrogenated to improve its stability. Coconut oil melts at 210C to 250C, and has the following characteristics: Saponification value (251 to 264), Iodine Value 8 to 10), Refractive index at 400C (1,44-5), Acid value (not greater than 6) (Harry, 1.63).
Coconut oil in Food
Coconut oil is commonly used in cooking, especially for frying, and is a common flavour in many south Asian curries. It has been used for cooking (in tropical parts of the world ) for thousand of years (clark, 2011) coconut oil (along with lauric leaf oil and palm kernel oil) contains a large proportion of lauric acid which is converted to monolaurin in the body,a fat otherwise found only in breast milk.(Beare-Roggers et.al,2001) Lauric acid is destroyed by some oil processing method .
Other culinary uses including solid fats produced through hydrogenation in backed and confectionery good (Tarrago- Trani et.al, 2006) hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated coconut oil is often used in non-dairy creamers and snack, food, including popcorn. The smoke point of coconut oil is 1770C (3510F). (Katragadda et.al, 2010)
Coconut oil industry
Coconut oil has tested for use as feedstock for biodiesel to be used as a diesel engine fuel. In this manner, it can be applied to power generators and transport using diesel engines. Since straight coconut oil has a high gelling temperature (22-25 0C), a high viscosity, and a minimum combustion chamber temperature of 500 0C (932 OF) (to avoid polymerization of the fuel), coconut oil typically is transesterified to make biodiesel. Use of B 100 (100% biodiesel) is possible only in temperate climates, as the gel point is approximately 10 o C (50oF) . The oil must meet the Weihenstephan standard for pure vegetable oil used as a fuel otherwise moderate to severe damage from carbonization and clogging will occur in an unmodified engine. The Philippines, vanuata, samoa, and several other tropical island countries are using coconut oil as an alternative fuel source to run automobiles, trucks and buses, and to power generators. Coconut oil is currently used as a fuel for transport in the Philippines further research into the potential of coconut oil as a fuel for electricity generation is being carried out in the islands of the pacific. Although to date it appear that it is not useful as a fuel source due to the cost of labour and supply constraints.(AGTD, 2011)
Coconut oil can be used as an engine lubricant and as transformer oil. Acids derived from coconut can be used as herbicides. (James and Rahman, 2005)
Coconut oil can be used as a skin moisturizer, helping with dry skin and reduces protein loss when used in hair. Before the advent of electrical lighting ,coconut oil was the primary oil used for illumination in india and was exported as cochin oil.(Brady,2020)
Coconut oil is an important base ingredient for the manufacture of soap. Soap made with coconut oil tends to be hard, although it retains more water than those made with other oils and therefore increases manufacturer yields. It is more soluble in hard water and salt water than other soaps allowing it to lather more easily. A basic coconut oil soap is clear when melted and a bright white when hardened. (Browning, 2003)
Source: Oduok, I. F. (2015): Industrial Characteristics of Palm Oil-Coconut Oil Blend and Its Application in The Production of Toilet Soap. B.Eng. Research Work. University of Uyo. Nigeria. Pp. 7 - 10

https://odfidtechnicalworld..com/2020/09/amazing-value-of-coconut-oil.html

We have broadly three sources of oils - petroleum, animal, and vegetable.

By vegetable oil I am referring to oils gotten from plant sources. Examples include palm oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, avocado oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, corn oil, jatropha oil, peanut oil, orange pill oil, star apple seed oil etc.

Some of these oils are edible others are not but the good thing is that all the oils are extremely useful in various fields of human endeavour. The oils have application in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and confectionary.

A few of the industrial application of vegetable oils are highlighted in this write-up:

1. In Fuel Production: edible and non-edible type, fresh and waste stock of vegetable oils are converted to diesel for driving of vehicles and powering of generators. It smokes less and has favouravle cetane value.

2. In Oil Paint Production: Acrylic serves as binder in water paint while alkyd resyd performs the same function in oil paint. Alkyd resyd is obtained by modifying vegetable oils using readily available chemical feedstock.

3. Drilling Mud Production: The two popular broad categories of drilling mud used in petroleum and water borehole drilling are water based and oil based mud. Water based though environmentally friendly has its drawback as it is not suitable for high temperature well formation. An alternative to it has been oil based mud using Diesel as carrier. With heightened environmental concern of diesel based mud, vegetable oil based mud has proven to be a candidate of choice.

4. Detergent Feedstock: Detergent technology has been evolving over the years with linear akylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) being the choice candidate as a result of it biodegradability. LAS can be obtained by sulphonation of vegetable oil at appropriate process conditions.

The benefits of vegetable oil are great and the list appears to be endless.

Id Oduok is a Graduate Student of Chemical Engineering, specializing in Process Design. His research interest is Industrial Application of Vegetable Oils. A field he has been working on since his undergraduate research. He covers extraction, characterization, refining, and utilization of various vegetable oils. He also designs, simulate, model, and builds pilot scale equipment/plants in this field of interest.

Follow him on odfidtechnicalworld..com. Also on academia.edu.ng/idoduok. Visit his Technical Center in Eket, Akwa Ibom State. Nigeria

Before attempting to construct a project of your own design, you should prepare a job plan. A job plan generally includes the following items:

1. A working drawing of the project. This is a carefully sketched freehand drawing.
2. A bill of materials.
3. A list of tools and equipment needed.
4. A list of the steps of procedure, in proper order, for making the project.
5. Approval before making the project (if required).

When you prepare a plan for a project which you are planning to carry out, you use the same procedure that is used in the metal industry. In the industry, every product to be made must be planned out in a working drawing form. Working drawings must be made for each part of each product. The proper material must be selected for each part, and the cost must be analyzed. Tools, machinery and equipment must be provided. The procedure must be carefully analyzed for most economical production. Your job plan, therefore, involves some of the kinds of things which are performed by manufacturing engineers, industrial technicians and skilled workers.

A job plan is, therefore, a comprehensive list of materials needed for a project, step-by-step procedure for making the project, the details of the worker's personal data, tools, and equipment needed for the project.

A bill of materials is the comprehensive list of all the materials that you will need to complete a project. This list includes bolts, screws, nuts, and washers that have uniform sizes and shapes. It may be useful to refer to a catalogue to get the sizes and types.

The bill of materials should be made up as follows:

1. The parts (identifies by number or letters).
2. The number of pieces needed for each.
3. The size of the material.
4. The shape and kind of material.
5. The unit cost of the material.
6. The total cost of the object.

Things to remember when preparing the bill of materials

1. The stock i.e. the raw (rough) materials you need to buy for the project.
2. Decide the shape of the stock you need and buy same.
3. The size given on the bill of materials, i.e. the size of the rough metal you will buy, including the waste to be cut off.
4. The size given on the working drawing, i.e. the finished size.
5. Sizes of materials (stock) are given as follows:
a. Flat piece of metal: thickness x width x length
b. Square piece of metal: thickness x width x length
c. Round piece of metal: diameter x length
d. Hexagonal piece of metal: distance across flat sides x length



https://odfidtechnicalworld..com/2020/08/how-to-prepare-bill-of-material.html

Applications are invited for admission into the Akwa Ibom State Schools of Nursing for the Basic and General Nursing programmes for 2020/2021 academic session.
Registration Commences from Monday 24th August to Friday 18th September, 2020 between the hours of 8:30am – 3:00pm daily except public holidays and weekends at the Nursing Services Directorate, Ministry of Health headquarters, Idongesit Nkanga Secretariat, Uyo.
ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
• WASSCE, GCE, NECO OR NABTEB with credits in English Language, Chemistry, Physics, Biology and Mathematics, in not more than two sittings.
• Awaiting May/June WASSCE OR NECO 2019 results can also register with testimonials from their schools.
• NABTEB Result cannot be combined with any other.
• Age (16years and above)
REGISTRATION / PROCESSING FEES
1. Registration fee – N5,000.00
2. Processing fee – N7,000.00
3. Nursing and Midwifery Commitcee – N200.00
4. Customized file – N300.00
REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS
1. Three recent colour passport photographs
2. Original and two photocopies each of the following: –
• Educational Certificate – FSLC, WASSCE, GCE, NECO OR NABTEB
• Birth certificate or Age Declaration
• Certificate of Local Government of Origin
• Change of name if applicable)
ENTRANCE EXAMINATION
Saturday 3rd October, 2020.
DEADLINE: Friday 18th September 2020.

https://odfidtechnicalworld..com/2020/08/aks-school-of-nursing-form-is-on-sale.html

African "world" power has spoken. This must be obeyed else those Malian mutineers will face sanction.

johnkey:
Now it's ..can you chache?

Sorry. I don't get

Pipe sizes are documented by a number of standards, including API 5L, ANSI/ASME B36.10M in the US, and BS 1600 and BS 1387 in the United Kingdom. Typically, the pipe wall thickness is the controlled variable, and the Inside Diameter (I.D.) is allowed to vary. The pipe wall thickness has a variance of approximately 12.5 percent

CONTINUE READING: https://odfidtechnicalworld..com/2020/08/piping-dimensional-standards.html

The operating manual of any centrifugal pump often starts with a general statement, “Your centrifugal pump will give you completely trouble free and satisfactory service only on the condition that it is installed and operated with due care and is properly maintained.”
Despite all the care in operation and maintenance, engineers often face the statement “the pump has failed i.e. it can no longer be kept in service”. Inability to deliver the desired flow and head is just one of the most common conditions for taking a pump out of service. There are other many conditions in which a pump, despite suffering no loss in flow or head, is considered to have failed and has to be pulled out of service as soon as possible. These include seal related problems (leakages, loss of flushing, cooling, quenching systems, etc), pump and motor bearings related problems (loss of lubrication, cooling, contamination of oil, abnormal noise, etc), leakages from pump casing, very high noise and vibration levels, or driver (motor or turbine) related problems.
The list of pump failure conditions mentioned above is neither exhaustive nor are the conditions mutually exclusive. Often the root causes of failure are the same but the symptoms are different. A little care when first symptoms of a problem appear can save the pumps from permanent failures. Thus the most important task in such situations is to find out whether the pump has failed mechanically or if there is some process deficiency, or both. Many times when the pumps are sent to the workshop, the maintenance people do not find anything wrong on disassembling it. Thus the decision to pull a pump out of service for maintenance / repair should be made after a detailed analysis of the symptoms and root causes of the pump failure. Also, in case of any mechanical failure or physical damage of pump internals, the operating engineer should be able to relate the failure to the process unit’s operating problems.
Any operating engineer, who typically has a chemical engineering background and who desires to protect his pumps from frequent failures must develop not only a good understanding of the process but also thorough knowledge of the mechanics of the pump. Effective troubleshooting requires an ability to observe changes in performance over time, and in the event of a failure, the capacity to thoroughly investigate the cause of the failure and take measures to prevent the problem from re-occurring.
CONTINUE READING: https://odfidtechnicalworld..com/2020/08/all-you-need-to-know-about-centrifugal.html

In this age of packaging, school owners do not stress themselves much before they buy the heart of parents. Tall buildings, exotic school buses, nice uniforms, and highly fluent phonetic teachers are enough to set up an international school. Don't let the school and the kid deceive you with fluency of words. If your kid has reached Junior Secondary 3 (JS3) sit him or her down and find out the following:

1. Can you use all the microsoft office tools to work? Can you program? Can you handle graphics and internet without apprenticeship?
2. Can you solve quadratic equation, simultanous equation, plot graphs, handle geometries?

3. Can you do metal work, wood work, fix electronics, sketch house plan, estimate quantity of tiles needed for a square area of work, understand polymer/soap/cosmetic production?

4. Can you manage a business and keep all the accounting books? Can you calculate discount, premium, tax, depreciation?

5. Do you know the content of a First Aid Box? Can you perform First Aid for bleeding, drowned, fractured, and poisoned patient?
Nigeria has the best academic curriculum in the world but the problem is the will to implement it.

Everyone is shouting non-performance of politicians, including teachers who only give our kids pseudo-education. Nigerians complained in the the 19th century that western education only increased the number of people that spoke and wrote while depleting those that were available to till the ground. This made Nigeria to evolve her curriculum toward technical. Outstanding Nigerian Doctors abroad are building and programming medical equipment - this is made possible through technology background at secondary school level. Mass Communication, fine art, nursing, physician, accounting, business management, hospitality and a wide range of other graduates are expected to use tools effectively.

Let us not create educated people that can speak grammar only.
Odfid Technical Center is in the process of bridging the gap between theory and practical in technical capacity of Nigerians. CALL US ON 07037263653

https://odfidtechnicalworld..com/2020/08/what-your-kids-should-learn-before-age.html