Water is life. The cleaner you drink the longer you live.

Let me share tips that will assist homes, sachet and bottle water factories:

1. Boiling water before drinking is a good move. If you can drink it refrigerated the better. You do not need to filter the water if it does not have visible particles.
2. For sachet water factories you do not need much equipment to treat water if you are starting with average income. All you need are chlorination, sand and activated charcoal bed, filters, UV radiation. You will only need reverse osmosis technology if the water table in your area is saline or have heavy metal content. You can go for ozonotion if you can afford.
3. For bottle water, the level of treatment would be higher. You may have to combine all the treatment options above.
4. Water factories are supposed to change their filters every two weeks. Sand and charcoal bed are to be backwashed daily - and changed when they lose their activity.
5. Do not drill borehole close to soakaway tank or location with history of soakaway or waste dump.
6. Make effort to send your drinking water to the lab to test for coliform group of bacteria and heavy metals. Test for hydrocarbon contamination if located near fuel stations and depots. Send lab result to me and I will assist you with wayforward.
7. Pathogenic bacteria is responsible for most diseases while heavy metals are responsible for organ failures. Hydrocarbon contamination is responsible for cancer and reproductive defects.
8. Engage only experts for your chlorine dosing.
9. pH is one fast indicator that can greatly help. Use pH metre or paper.

Drink healthy.

Sending kids to holiday lessons makes no sense.

Most of you will make your kids go to school till they become useless. You took them to school at age 3 and abandon them there. During long vacation you still send them to school. To do what?

Can't you spend time to bond with your kids? What exactly are they going to achieve in school during vacation? Vacation lesson only favour school owners, not you. Allow kids rest for God's sake.

If you should engage kids during long vacation then teach them skills. Enrol your kids in centres that they can learn practical computer usage, coding, programming, painting and decoration, catering, musical instruments. Let them learn martial art, how to shot guns, how to wrestle. Teach them something beyond pure academics.

If a school should organize long vacation class then it should gear towards extra curricula activities - debate, modelling, music concert, science fair, mini project. How would you call kids back to school during holiday to learn Math, English, Chemistry, Social studies, accounting, by same teachers that taught them during school period. What is the difference? If these teachers knew what to teach why didn't they do it during normal school session.

Education is beyond memorizing facts. Give your kids opportunity to develop and be better prepare for life.

The purpose of making an incident public is for learning in order to prevent future reoccurence. But incident news in this part of the world is for trend.

What caused the fire?

1. Equipment are not cheap: do not attempt to excercise your bargaining power. I design equipment as a Chemical (Process) Engineer. I teach equipment fabricators (The trade is called Mechanical Engineering Craft) in Technical Colleges. I am a General Metal Work Instructor. If a fabricator tells you an equipment is 500,000 naira just know that he will spend over 350,000 on buying materials of construction. Be polite and human as possible when approaching equipment fabricators. They are not the ones that will eat your money. The trade is not easy.
2. Equipment would not increase your profit: wake up from your dream if you believe that using equipment will boost your profit. Equipment will even take away from your profit. You only go for equipment if you need to increase your production to meet up your expanding customers volume. Equipment also will make you look like a serious business person. Users of equipment only survive by very large customer base. If your customers are not too large using equipment will only kill your business.
3. Plan for energy: many of you gets too excited whenever you hear of equipment. Before you use equipment your customers base must be large enough so that profit from them can go to paying for electricity and diesel you will need to power the equipment.
4. Can you still cope with house rent? You will observe that most people using equipment to do production relocate to villages to site their facilities. Using equipment will sure increase your burden in terms of production cost. You will not be able to afford the luxury of getting fanciful places to site your business. With this, plan to site your equipment at your backyard, your own land where you do not have to pay rent, your village, your father's family compound etc. The day you invest money into buying equipment you will know that business goes beyond pictures and videos you see on facebook. With equipment you do not look for block house to house them. Just old roofing sheets, tarpouline etc can shade where you are doing production. You can now have a display shop of one room in the city to showcase your products.
5. Tax savings: I do Engineering economics and my wife is an accountant. From my experience large scale businesses pay lower taxes compare to small scale. When your business is big enough for you to use equipment make sure you hire an accountant (even on part-time). The accountant will assist you to calculate annual depreciation on your equipment. This money will be deducted from your profit and shield them from being taxed. Depreciation will now be savings you make to replace your equipment in the future.
6. You need insurance: If you have never been in a pensionable career the day your your business grow so big till you have need to use equipment get an insurance company to manage your vulnerabilities. Insurance is like doing little savings to harvest bumper result in the future. Apart from accidents and fires there are many other insurance packages you that are available for you.
As a business owner you will need equipment someday. Start now to plan towards it. Above all know when to engage equipment. For now continue with your handmade production. Produce quality and chase customers.

Both the Babalawo and OP are lying

Congratulations to me.

I have just been awarded Master of Engineering in Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering (Distinction: 4.76/5.00).

I researched on Environmental Impact Assessment and Formulation of Green Surfactant for Remediating Petroleum Polluted Soil.

While preparing for Ph.D, I look forward to opportunities in lecturing, research and consulting.

Our ruling class no dey experience unemployment.

Most times those guys make their money online. Wealth attracts wealth. Online customers patronize you when you appear comfortable.

That is the primary reason people flunt wealth online. It is way of marketing self.

Learn coding, data analysis and data science.

Exxonmobil Recruitment

*Mobil Producing Nigeria Unlimited (MPNU) Apprentice Training Program (ATP) 2023*

*Title:* 2023 Apprentice Training Program (ATP)
*Location:* Eket, Akwa Ibom
*Duration:* 23 Months

*Eligibility Criteria:*
- Must be Nigerians
- Must possess a government-issued
- Identity card (Voters Card, National ID, Valid Driver’s License, International Passport)
- Must have a National Diploma (ND) in any of the following disciplines:
* Chemical Engineering Technology
* Electrical / Electronic Engineering Technology
* Mechanical Engineering Technology
* Petroleum Engineering Technology
- Must have graduated with a minimum of Lower Credit and no earlier than 2019.
Application Closing Date
23rd August 2023.

*Method of Application:*
Interested and qualified candidates should: https://dragnetscreening.ng/mobil/

*Application Procedure:*
- Click on the application link above
Click "GET STARTED"
- Enter the required details and upload the required documents.

*Note:*
- Applicants with higher qualification, will not be considered
- Only successful candidates will be contacted
- No MPN apprenticeship/job advertisement requires payment of any processing or registration fee.

I recently earned a Masters Degree (Distinction – 4.76/5.00) in Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering from Akwa Ibom State University. You can obtain your Masters there within three semesters if you are hardworking, 2 semesters for course work and 1 for research – totaling one year, six months minimum.

I did not enroll in Masters for the primary purpose of securing grades. The main driving force was expanding on my connections. As a matter of fact, I never checked my result throughout my course work. I had said to myself that if I have issues with any course I will hear by rumour. You know people spread your failure more than your success. Since I did not hear anything I suggested that I was not having issues. Results are not pasted on notice board at this level of education. It was when I was registering for my research semester that my PG coordinator hinted me that I made 5.0 in First semester and also performed excellently in the second. This motivated me a lot in pressing hard to make a mark in my research.

During coursework you count a lot on the background of your colleagues. Two among us were Chemical Engineering lecturers in Cross River and Anambra state respectively. Some were running their private consultancy. I own a private chemical formulation lab where I develop formulation for businesses for clients across Nigeria, South Africa, USA, Ghana, Columbia, Angola, Pakistan, India etc. I develop formulations for soaps, detergents, surfactants, antiseptics, cosmetics, paints, biofuels, marker ink/chalk, etc. I also consult on oil and gas processes. One of the students in the programme was my First degree classmate from department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Uyo, the other was my National Diploma school mate who did Petoleum and Gas Processing Engineering Technology when I was studying Industrial Safety and Environmental Engineering Technology at Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun – we had now gotten Bachelor’s degree. We had someone from Landmark University and others from the host school. The team was awesome. I counted on this team. We worked together to tutor ourselves on softwares like MATLAB, HYSYS, Simulink, COMSOL which we met every now and then to model chemical processes during the coursework.

My research had been on developing a chemical to remediate petroleum spill in Niger Delta. To successfully carry out a Masters degree research require more than being intelligent – one needs to have access to institutions that matters. It was time build this links.

My first connection was my fiancé, onetime Miss Mfon Ebitu, a distinction graduate of Accountancy who later became my beloved wife before I completed my programme. Postgraduate research can be very lonely if you do not have a right partner by your side. She is everything a man needs to grow and develop in every facet of life. Oftentimes I would have to share my research findings with her in a one hour call till she sleeps off. If your work can convince an accountant as an Engineer then it can be bought by everyone else.

My main supervisor, Engr. Dr. Rasheed Babalola, is a fellow of the Nigerian Society of Engineers as well as fellow of the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers. A very seasoned Engineer who has numerous papers in bioremediation of crude oil spill on Ogoni land. He was at that time the HOD, Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Akwa Ibom State University. My second supervisor, Prof. Oria Antia, is HOD, Food and Agricultural Engineering, University of Uyo. He specializes in designing of chemical processes. They gave me expert guidance on the work.

In order to get Industry insight to the work I had to broaden my horizon to meet other experts. I had a clue from Caam Engineering Limited, a company whom I came in contact with during my internship with Department of Petroleum Resources. They hold product registration permit on Oil Spill Dispersant from NOSDRA and DPR respectively. In my quest also, I met one of the directors in Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science and Technology was at that time working on her PhD in remedation. Besides sharing her expertise knowledge with me I had access to using their facility for GC Analysis. She gave me link to an Environmental lab in Port Harcourt, Ebic Integrated Services Limited, where I continued with the tested on my methods using GC-FID and GCMS. I evaluated the progress of TPH, BTEX and PAH degradation with my formulated surfactant (Methyl Ester Sulphonated) tested on a pilot site.

Another blessing I had was the team of assessors. The internal Examiner, Dr. Imeh Okob, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Akwa Ibom State University. He holds a Ph.D degree in Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science from the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. He is an expert in method for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the petroleum contaminants in soils of Niger Delta. I enjoyed his scrutiny. I spent a month in his hand before internal defence. Correcting and repositioning the work to meet both science and engineering standard. The external examiner, Dr. Ayoola A. Ayodeji, an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering, Covenant University, specializes in environmental engineering and corrosion technology. I spent another month with him correcting the work to the latest details.

It was definitely not easy surviving the above squad. One thing that kept me going was a quote from the Bible, “And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in all things.” 1 Cor. 9:25. With this inner drive I was willing to give my all.

Today I happy I made it. Not just a Masters with Distinction. A Masters that has given me the needed exposure and technical skills to fit into roles in consulting, academia and industy.

Those that are virgins don't say it

I do tell people it is better to consume sugars than "no sugar". The risk of sugar is diabetes and diabetes only come when you are either not having much physical activities or have the ADH imbalance. But risk of " no sugar" is cancer - a bigger evil.

abufadllullah:
[s][/s]Good day Nairalanders, I recently Graduated from a prestigious Nigerian University, and on my Statement of Result, is written B.sc (Hons). Tried to Goggle search the meaning of the Hons. to no avail. Please Nairalanders, what does B.sc Hons means and what value does it add to the Degree?

In Nigerian and British university system, Bachelor's degree with Honours means you graduated with either First Class, Second Class or Third Class grade. It is only Pass that does not have Hons. Pass is Ordinary.

Immorality is now publicized

Repay of gas and petrol tanks should be done with strict adherence to safety standard. A hot work permit is required. The tank ought to have been evacuated and gas tested to ensure there is no explosive gas left

Never you share bad feelings you have about your boss again anywhere. With this attitude no one can employ you. I thought you would limit your write up to the low pay and exorbitant transport cost you are facing.

Feeling bitter about your boss and venting it only paint you with negative personality.

Generally gas storages (horton spheres and bullets) are designed to high degree of integrity tests. I have been part of leak detection and pressure tests for cooking gas (LPG) storage and sales facilities. The oil and gas safety requirement for design of these systems are awesome. That is why I have no fear in embracing gas fuel powered vehicles.

These vehicles use natural gas (methane, in LNG and CNG configuration). They are very safe.

The tanks are subjected to outstanding safety and reliability tests: drop test, bonfire test, and puncture test.

During drop test the vehicle tank which is filled with gas is dropped freely from a height of 9m onto a concrete floor. Bonfire test consists of the tank with gaseous fuel at saturated pressure being subjected to a temperature of at least 590 degree celcius. Machine gun is fired on the tank with gas inside during puncture test.

Since the above tests are destructive, representative samples of the manufactured tanks are examine before the rest are sent out for use.

If you see vehicle that use gas as fuel don't panick. Just enter. Na me send you.

Now that you know will you still be afraid of gas driven vehicles?

The are going for excursion not to fight fire.

Wildfire results when methane gas, which is produced by microbial decomposition of organic matter, is heated above its auto-ignition temperature.

Wildfire results when methane gas, which is naturally produced by microbial decomposition of organic matter, is heated above its auto-ignition temperature.

I spend the major part of my practice in downstream petroleum sector. I have been on the following roles - participating in processing of licence for petroleum products marketers, site inspection and environmental impact assessment for downstream projects, operating of a 12 million litre AGO storage facility for industrial consumption and currently training operators and managers of downstream petroleum products facilities. Downstream petroleum sector has been the nightmare of every administrations.

What is subsidy?

This is the amount of money Nigeria pays to make products available to the masses at affordable rate.

During Yaradua's administration the real cost of petrol (PMS) was N140 per litre. Government subsidized this cost and made citizens pay N65 while government paid the rest. There was money then. The government sold crude oil at 120 US dollars per barrel. So they could afford subsidy payment. Towards the end of Jonathan's administration things were already terrible for the country. The government could only sell crude oil at about 40 US dollars per barrel and could not afford paying subsidy. There was a push to remove subsidy but labour union and opposition party (APC, Buhari and Tinubu) opposed him sternly. So as karma would have it Buhari had to inherit subsidy amidst poor crude oil sale.

Currently subsidy cost amounts to 400 billion naira monthly. The government cannot afford it. Economy is still very terrible. Oil and gas is not as bouyant as it used to be. No President (Atiku, Tinubu or Obi) can afford subsidy hence the total removal.

Can NLC help? No.

It is now a matter of legal jurisdiction. The Petroleum Industry Act 2021 has completely deregulated the downstream petroleum sector. NNPC is now a limited liability company. Petroleum equilization trust fund has been submerged into the NMDPRA. There is no office, no budget and no fund for subsidy.

This is the reality.

Id Oduok (MISTDO Instructor)

Firstorderwizard:
Just came across this and decided to correct something.
Al3+ and Zn2+ form white gelatinous precipitate with drops of NaOH that dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide, while Pb2+ forms white chalky precipitate with drops of NaOH that dissolves in excess NaOH too.
A good observer shouldn't be suspecting Pb2+ when the ppt formed is gelatinous.

I left secondary school a long time ago anyway

Thanks for that

Chemistry practical has three questions.

Question 1 is quantitative analysis (titration). This year we expect titration between a strong acid and weak base. The base will be a salt with water of crystalization.

Question 2 is qualitative analysis. This year we expect analysis of an organic and inorganic compound.

Question 3 is always general chemistry theory question.

This is not expo. It is for practice purpose.

Feel free to leave your questions, comments and contributions.



Question 1
A is a solution containing 0.100 moldm-3 of hydrochloric acid. B is a solution containing 5.0 g per dm3 of hydrated sodium trioxocarbonate (iv), Na2CO3.xH2O.

(a)Put A into the burette and titrate it against 20.00 cm3 or 25.00 cm3 portion of B using methyl orange as indicator. Record the volume of your pipette. Tabulate your burette readings and calculate the average volume of A used.

Equation for the reaction:
Na2CO3.xH2O(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + (x+1)H2O(l)
(b)From your results, calculate the:
(i)Concentration of B in moldm-3.
(ii)Molar mass of Na2CO3.xH2O.
(iii)Value of x in Na2CO3.xH2O.
[H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0]

ANSWER TO QUESTION 1
1.(a) Volume of pipette used = 25.00 cm3.
Indicator used = Methyl orange
Burette Reading 1st Titre 2nd Titre 3rd Titre
Final volume of A (cm3) 8.80 17.50 26.30
Initial Volume of A (cm3) 0.00 8.80 17.50
Volume of A used (cm3) 8.80 8.70 8.80

Average volume of Acid used = (8.80 + 8.70 + 8.80) / 3
= 26.3/3 = 8.77cm3

(b) (i) Concentration of B in moldm-3:
(Ca x Va)/(Cb x Vb) = A/B
(0.10 x 8.77)/(Cb x 25.00) = 2/1
Cb = (0.10 x 8.77)/(25.00 x 2) = 0.877 / 50 = 0.0175 moldm-3.

(ii) Molar mass of Na2CO3.xH2O = mass conc. / molar conc.
= 5.0 / 0.0175 = 285.7 g/mol
(iii) Value of x in Na2CO3.xH2O:
285.7 = 106 + 18x
x = (285.7 - 106)/18 = 179.7 / 18 = 9.98 approximately 10

Question 2: Carry out the following exercises on specimen C and D. Record your observations and identify any gases evolved. State the conclusion you draw from the result of each test:

a.(i) Add about 5cm3 of distilled water to a portion of C in a test tube. Stir thoroughly and test with litmus.
(ii). Add about 2cm3 of Fehling’s solution to the resulting mixture from (a)(i) above and heat.
b.(i) Heat a portion of D strongly in a test tube.
(ii) Put the rest of D in a boiling tube and add about 10cm3 of distilled water. Shake the mixture.
(iii) Put about 2cm3 of the mixture from b(ii) in a test tube. Add aqueous NaOH in drops and then in excess.
(iv) Put about 2cm3 of the mixture from b(ii) in a test tube. Add aqueous ammonia in drops and then in excess.

ANSWERS FOR QUESTION 2
S/N TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE
(a)(i) C + distilled water Soluble in distilled water C is a soluble compound
+ Litmus No effect on litmus C is a neutral compound
(ii) Solution of C + Fehling’s solution + Heat Brick-red precipitate C is a reducing sugar (glucose)
(b)(i) D + heat Yellow when hot and white when cold D is zinc oxide (ZnO)
(ii) D + water Does not dissolve in water D is an insoluble compound
(iii) Mixture from (b)(ii) + NaOH(aq) in drops and in excess White precipitate. Precipitate dissolves in excess Al3+, Zn2+, Pb2+ present
(iv) Mixture from (b)(ii) + NH3(aq) in drops and in excess White precipitate. Precipitate dissolves in excess Zn2+ Confirmed

Theophinio:


Hi boss

Did you later registered your detergent business with Nafdac

I transmuted into the academic and consulting world. Currently I own a Technical Center and an online class that has business person who desire to go into soap, detergent and other Chemical production. The platform assists those who desire to improve their profit in production business as well as those who need business registration guidance with CAC, NAFDAC etc.

I just concluded developing a green surfactant for petroleum remediation in my Masters degree research, publication is available in an international journal.

This has been the journey so far.

WELCOME TO MY FREE CHEMISTRY FOUNDATION CLASSES.

Mostly for High School kids preparing for JAMB and WAEC, Chemistry teacher desiring to improve their teaching, technical and practical skills, as well as professionals studying chemistry of processes.

Class is on Telegram

https:///+Oy0u2JQV7T43NDY8

WELCOME TO MY FREE CHEMISTRY FOUNDATION CLASSES.

Mostly for High School kids preparing for JAMB and WAEC, Chemistry teacher desiring to improve their teaching, technical and practical skills, as well as professionals studying chemistry of processes.

Class is on Telegram

https:///+Oy0u2JQV7T43NDY8

budaatum:
Reduction of physical cash was always the intention.

Next is to get rid of your card so payments are by tapping your phone.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=os43bB3RsGk

You are right

Go to markets and local shops to buy now you will see them carrying themselves as demigods - not accepting transfer and not receiving old notes. Always insisting on new notes so they sell it to POS agents at night for the public to buy the currency and return to them in the day time. They think they are smart.

Stark realities of the naira redesign include:

1. Bank workers especially lower grade cadre staff will lose their jobs, as Emefiele has made banking unattractive.
2. Lots of petty traders will fold up and regular markets will be very unattractive to the public.
3. Churches that dance round to give offering will soon be out of business.

In the coming days many innovative markets will emerge. These markets will sell food items by receiving transfers and online purchase and delivery. Of course servers for online payments will be upgraded. Many think we study software engineering in vain. Transfer networks will be fast and reliable. Only very few backward poor will be visiting regular markets.

For example in Eket, there will be more of the likes Market Square, Hephzibah etc that will sell basic commodities using POS, credit cards, transfer, and online payment and delivery.

Many transport systems will introduce online booking for tricycle, okada and buses. Mega churches will grow bigger as members will transfer offerings and tithes within work days. And members from other churches will prefer sleeping in their homes on Sunday rather than facing shame of not being able to dance round to give offering.

Schools will upgrade to POS and online payment of fees. Computer Engineering, Mathematics, Software Engineering and Cybersecurity will become very promising fields.

Surplus cash is not returning again. Cashless economy has come to stay. Upgrade or be crushed into oblivion.

Welcome to reality.

Id Oduok

GOOD NEWS: CBN DIRECTS BANKS TO RECEIVE OLD NOTES WITHOUT LIMIT FROM THE PUBLIC

This is to encourage members of the public to receive and spend the old currency note.

Congratulations to Nigeirans. The suffering is over.

https://crs.cbn.gov.ng

With Nigeria's Federalism all state governors have the power to individually execute the supreme court judgement within its territory without waiting for announcement from the central government.

It becomes a breach if central government interferes with such execution.