Refreshrate's Posts
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Seems corruption is making some people too busy to understand their responsibilities to the citizenry. One would have expected the Information minister at least together with the ministry of health to issue a red alert on this thing to curtail it before it gets out of hand What is Lassa fever? Lassa fever is an acute viral illness that occurs in West Africa. The illness was discovered in 1969 when two missionary nurses died in Nigeria, West Africa. The cause of the illness was found to be Lassa virus, named after the town in Nigeria where the first cases originated. The virus, a member of the virus family Arenaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus and is zoonotic, or animal-borne. In areas of Africa where the disease is endemic (that is, constantly present), Lassa fever is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. While Lassa fever is mild or has no observable symptoms in about 80% of people infected with the virus, the remaining 20% have a severe multisystem disease. Lassa fever is also associated with occasional epidemics, during which the case-fatality rate can reach 50%. Where is Lassa fever found? Lassa fever is an endemic disease in portions of West Africa. It is recognized in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, as well as Nigeria. However, because the rodent species which carry the virus are found throughout West Africa, the actual geographic range of the disease may extend to other countries in the region. How many people become infected? The number of Lassa virus infections per year in West Africa is estimated at 100,000 to 300,000, with approximately 5,000 deaths. Unfortunately, such estimates are crude, because surveillance for cases of the disease is not uniformly performed. In some areas of Sierra Leone and Liberia, it is known that 10%-16% of people admitted to hospitals have Lassa fever, which indicates the serious impact of the disease on the population of this region. In what animal host is Lassa virus maintained? The reservoir, or host, of Lassa virus is a rodent known as the "multimammate rat" of the genus Mastomys. It is not certain which species of Mastomys are associated with Lassa; however, at least two species carry the virus in Sierra Leone. Mastomys rodents breed very frequently, produce large numbers of offspring, and are numerous in the savannas and forests of West, Central, and East Africa. In addition, Mastomys generally readily colonize human homes. All these factors together contribute to the relatively efficient spread of Lassa virus from infected rodents to humans. How do humans get Lassa fever? There are a number of ways in which the virus may be transmitted, or spread, to humans. The Mastomys rodents shed the virus in urine and droppings. Therefore, the virus can be transmitted through direct contact with these materials, through touching objects or eating food contaminated with these materials, or through cuts or sores. Because Mastomys rodents often live in and around homes and scavenge on human food remains or poorly stored food, transmission of this sort is common. Contact with the virus also may occur when a person inhales tiny particles in the air contaminated with rodent excretions. This is called aerosol or airborne transmission. Finally, because Mastomys rodents are sometimes consumed as a food source, infection may occur via direct contact when they are caught and prepared for food. Lassa fever may also spread through person-to-person contact. This type of transmission occurs when a person comes into contact with virus in the blood, tissue, secretions, or excretions of an individual infected with the Lassa virus. The virus cannot be spread through casual contact (including skin-to-skin contact without exchange of body fluids). Person-to-person transmission is common in both village and health care settings, where, along with the above-mentioned modes of transmission, the virus also may be spread in contaminated medical equipment, such as reused needles (this is called nosocomial transmission). What are the symptoms of Lassa fever? Signs and symptoms of Lassa fever typically occur 1-3 weeks after the patient comes into contact with the virus. These include fever, retrosternal pain (pain behind the chest wall), sore throat, back pain, cough, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, facial swelling, proteinuria (protein in the urine), and mucosal bleeding. Neurological problems have also been described, including hearing loss, tremors, and encephalitis. Because the symptoms of Lassa fever are so varied and nonspecific, clinical diagnosis is often difficult. How is the disease diagnosed in the laboratory? Lassa fever is most often diagnosed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assays (ELISA), which detect IgM and IgG antibodies as well as Lassa antigen. The virus itself may be cultured in 7 to 10 days. Immunohistochemistry performed on tissue specimens can be used to make a post-mortem diagnosis. The virus can also be detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); however, this method is primarily a research tool. Are there complications after recovery? The most common complication of Lassa fever is deafness. Various degrees of deafness occur in approximately one-third of cases, and in many cases hearing loss is permanent. As far as is known, severity of the disease does not affect this complication: deafness may develop in mild as well as in severe cases. Spontaneous abortion is another serious complication. What proportion of people die from the illness? Approximately 15%-20% of patients hospitalized for Lassa fever die from the illness. However, overall only about 1% of infections with Lassa virus result in death. The death rates are particularly high for women in the third trimester of pregnancy, and for fetuses, about 95% of which die in the uterus of infected pregnant mothers. How is Lassa fever treated? Ribavirin, an antiviral drug, has been used with success in Lassa fever patients. It has been shown to be most effective when given early in the course of the illness. Patients should also receive supportive care consisting of maintenance of appropriate fluid and electrolyte balance, oxygenation and blood pressure, as well as treatment of any other complicating infections. What groups are at risk for getting the illness? Individuals at risk are those who live or visit areas with a high population of Mastomys rodents infected with Lassa virus or are exposed to infected humans. Hospital staff are not at great risk for infection as long as protective measures are taken. How is Lassa fever prevented? Primary transmission of the Lassa virus from its host to humans can be prevented by avoiding contact with Mastomys rodents, especially in the geographic regions where outbreaks occur. Putting food away in rodent-proof containers and keeping the home clean help to discourage rodents from entering homes. Using these rodents as a food source is not recommended. Trapping in and around homes can help reduce rodent populations. However, the wide distribution of Mastomys in Africa makes complete control of this rodent reservoir impractical. When caring for patients with Lassa fever, further transmission of the disease through person-to-person contact or nosocomial routes can be avoided by taking preventive precautions against contact with patient secretions (together called VHF isolation precautions or barrier nursing methods). Such precautions include wearing protective clothing, such as masks, gloves, gowns, and goggles; using infection control measures, such as complete equipment sterilization; and isolating infected patients from contact with unprotected persons until the disease has run its course. What needs to be done to address the threat of Lassa fever? Further educating people in high-risk areas about ways to decrease rodent populations in their homes will aid in the control and prevention of Lassa fever. Other challenges include developing more rapid diagnostic tests and increasing the availability of the only known drug treatment, ribavirin. Research is presently under way to develop a vaccine for Lassa fever Source: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/Fact_Sheets/Lassa_Fever_Fact_Sheet.pdf CC: Seun |
So the guy himself thinks any other client would engage his services after this? Yes the guy dey owe you, fine. Some people can be a real pain in the ass over money issues. After the money is paid now can he reverse this ? He's just screwed himself just as much he should go to Facebook baddoo & even hire channels television to express himself well. PR firm true true |
Nashoji:And the people of the Lord shouted? AMEN!!! |
Freemanan:You never jam these girls before ni? Worse still I'm terribly impatient & bad tempered. I can't hit you so my next favourite pet peeve is to make people look stupid. You should try it. I miss Dr. House. |
OP that number 2 point! Gbaayi. if you know how this thing annoys me ehn! Had to ask one the other day if being fine was now a logical excuse for stupidity to her mumu was just looking |
LordVoldemort:Gbaayi! well done boss olamide need use that phrase |
onatisi:From the bottom up Seriously how many of each of the other contenders do you personally know at least 10 of their subscribers? Data consumption conscious yes, do you honestly not believe that things are improving regarding data? Remember when people had to pay 100NGN per hour to browse at cyber cafes? If someone asks you to come and invest in cyber cafe now would you answer him? What would be your reason? Exactly! A time was wimax seemed like it was the ultimate speed today na 4g LTE i think requiring less infrastructure and delivering more. Thats what technology is all about...well except in the case of dstv. You underestimate how easy technology gets swapped remember cathode ray boxlike tvs? How long did it take for that to be dumped for flat screen tvs? or cassette players for cds and now mp3s? DSTV already has its market, now imagine them losing it? The major band of people who subscribe to DSTV are the young and upwardly mobile. If today an episode of blacklist airs on NBC in america and im following them on facebook or twitter you think i like hearing gist after the show has been aired? Or not being able to watch the show at my own convenience, all those things they call catch up or even box office and make people pay extra for? If i want to watch an episode of the Cosby show or any of those programs that i just feel like, bamn! just a few clicks and im there! no more do you remember...? Some months na so so repeat movies dem go just dey show person! No more! If i want to watch a repeat movie, let it be what i want, where i want and at my own convenience. Let them hold on to Africa magic yoruba for all i care but for these points o dude no need to disturb yourself trust me Nigeria has moved...the world has moved. Guy Netflix and chill! The era of magic is over! Theyve had a good run let someone else provide us with quality entertainment biko |
emeijeh:Not if youre Yoruba its not. The guy got it right as a result of his immediate environment & upbringing. ![]() |
Lyoncrescent:im guessing this is you trying to sound intelligent? now use google for what precisely? |
onatisi:Its ok ive heard. No point arguing guess dstv works with a different exchange rate |
flamyd:You honestly have no idea how we like to deceive ourselves in this country I swear. |
Lyoncrescent:Obviously you don't think it's the same amount of data you use on torrents you use on Netflix Or yes you really should download & save everything ...how big is your memory drive sir? What's the size of every movie or tv series out there youd like to own? Torrents is one step behind Oga. Understand the dynamics before bragging. Geez! |
Stycon:I agree with you on everything except for that local content thing Enough of spoon feeding these people please! That's why they keep feeding us crap in the name of local content. I just watched "Beasts of no nation" book written by a Nigerian funny enough distributed on Netflix besides Idris Elba every single person on the cast were never heard of and you should see the movie. Even half of a yellow Sun with its all star cast no near this movie I swear! Was it not humans like them that produced it? Even ended up getting the kid Abraham Attah an award in Venice. Why must we be using our own hands to put a glass ceiling over our heads? Entertainment is art & art is universal, let the local guys understand the dynamics & stop being pu55ies abeg! Do you know how old "007 Goldfinger" is? Even till now no hope of nearing it cos of local content. Na so America too dey do local content? The quality of your work will determine if I should watch it lets not forget I'm paying for this sh!t. |
nextstep:Tomorrow now you will be looking for motivational speaker to tell you what to do to make money. You just identified a challenge. It's possible for other countries to do it based on the conditions It's to highlight the challenge that you'll rather do Tomorrow another south African company will come & do it for you & charge you blood & you start complaining SMH Don't worry internet companies belonging to Nigerians with vision are obviously working on making this possible. You think they don't want that your pocket that you give to DSTV ? I'll talk to you again in 3 months |
Ymodulus:At bolded what of electricity? Don't these companies need electricity the most basic of needs to exist. Una get light as a form of greeting...foreign companies don't need to be an issue. Your government doesn't even provide the most basic of infrastructure to talk of competition. How many manufacturing firms do you have in Nigeria today compared to 10, 15 years ago? You're barking up the wrong tree sir. Let's stop deceiving ourselves or is changing the effectiveness of the power companies also within your power? |
onatisi:You missed it big time. Unlike the above listed cable companys, telcos who provide internet always strive to reduce price to the consumer cos of competition. DSTV can be increasing subscription yearly & rubbing it in our faces cos they are practically a monopoly.How much were you paying 3 years ago for subscription to those clowns ? How much were you paying for data 3 years ago? Remember how much BB subscriptions were when they first came in? Don't dull yourself |
DanNafada:The most basic requirement - electricity, can you boast of it? |
ICAMETOWIN:Why are you embarrasing yourself like this? In public fa? At least try & understand the dynamics before pressing keypad na. Sege Na wa o |
Elbowroom:You don't want to get into this with me. If you can't contest what was written without resorting to insults, pls hold your keypad & your lack of common sense. I have adviced you. Seen the way you're loitering the whole forum with insults, don't try it with me. Its not my fault you were raised like this. Comport yourself. |
Lilimax:You too read what you just wrote. Does it make sense, even to you? |
Lilimax:Yes, he failed! That's the reason |
sofymoore:How does this relate to the post please? You honestly believe this'll make people patronize you? I know you want clients but seriously there are ways you portray your business & deadvertise yourself. Feel free to doubt me. Me I know I can never patronize you not with this stunt. |
Mcbussy:More like 300L of which school abeg? |
oduastates:YES ITS TRUE AS SOON AS JONATHAN CAME INTO POWER EVERYTHING WAS WORKING FINE O, NA SO THE MAN CARRY 2 BY 4 BEGIN BREAK EVERYWHERE FOR THE AIRPORT. YOU SHOULD HAVE SEEN HIM THAT DAY. HE EVEN CAME BACK THE DAY AFTER TO MAKE SURE THE AIRPORT WAS COMPLETELY WRECKED. i mourn for you. |
Oga na information about Nigeria dem send you o. What is fantastic about you and kudi now?, i dont know. Come romance section make you read plenty better love stories. before you start blaming GEJ that you had to wait 3 years |
Is this the only thing we have to do in this country now? so the whole Nigeria now our only function is this brainless witch hunt? People not involved in anyway should now do what? No policies no nothing! Meanwhile Lamorde is nowhere in sight with over 1trillion in his possession that the same EFCC recovered. Una dey crase walahi |
Hmmm before we were to get married na so aunty drop notice of HIV test requirement. Ol boy worst 20mins of my life! Not even sure of how long it took sef. I just Pam I no fit talk no any unnecessary movement. When the result was released come see reassurances even if it was positive I would have still married you, blah blah blah, iffa hear! |
This concept of agbada looking like the wearer didnt have enough money or material. i really dont get it Why people even wear it is even more bewildering to me |
7footre:The parents would rather use money for owambe instead of sending them to school forget that thing about rehabilitation. Next month dem go don forget everything Na God dey look after pikin is their mantra |
StefanSalvatore:konji never hold you before |
The story of Pharaoh is repeating itself Naira crash Crude become like pure water International market no gree buy Nigerian crude boko Haram running their own formation Now this? Lasaa fever wey don comot since how many years ago Endtimes are really here When a foundation is based on lies and Propaganda una forget say God dey watch una? Liarbility will soon come and blame GEJ for this, just watch [size=30pt]Pharaoh come and go ooo[/size] God doesnt want you |
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requiring less infrastructure and delivering more.



i pray God pity her soul. Dats y it's bn repeated over n over again abstain from pre-marital sex if u r not ready for d consequences or at d very least protect urself. But no everybody wan enjoy