TONYFRANC's Posts
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what kind of poor are you talking about? spiritual poverty or lack of material wealth? i believe this season of Advent will help you to understand the true meaning of poor: Fizzyflex: |
What ![]() ![]() ??my dear you need to study the scripture very well Tamarapetty: |
with such attitudes, he will surely miss his end Homeboiy: |
i know of the of the clone than that of Jibril TheFreeOne: |
Neoteny:you must an idiot to say this. may your generation never see the light of next week. so u are one those killing and hiding in the name of cattle rustling. may God punish u and your entire generation for this statement u made today. |
Firefire:not okpe but okupe |
OrientDailyNews: |
happy birth centino |
[left][/left][color=#006600][/color]Rules for Comma Usage Ah, the comma. Of all the punctuation marks in English, this one is perhaps the most abused and misused. And it’s no wonder. There are lots of rules about comma usage, and often the factors that determine whether you should use one are quite subtle. But fear not! Below, you’ll find guidance for the trickiest comma questions. What Is a Comma? While a period ends a sentence, a comma indicates a smaller break. Some Writers think of a comma as a soft pause—a punctuation mark that separates words, clauses, or ideas within a sentence. Comma with Subjects and Verbs With few exceptions, a comma should not separate a subject from its verb. Incorrect: My friend Cleo, is a wonderful singer. Writers are often tempted to insert a comma between a subject and verb this way because speakers sometimes pause at that point in a sentence. But in writing, the comma only makes the sentence seem stilted. Correct: My friend Cleo is a wonderful singer. Be especially careful with long or complex subjects: Incorrect: The things that cause me joy, may also cause me pain. The things that cause me joy may also cause me pain. Incorrect: Navigating through snow, sleet, wind, and darkness, is a miserable way to travel. Navigating through snow, sleet, wind, and darkness is a miserable way to travel. Comma between Two Nouns in a Compound Subject or Object Don’t separate two nouns that appear together as a compound subject or compound object. Incorrect: Cleo, and her band will be playing at Dockside Diner next Friday. Correct Cleo and her band will be playing at Dockside Diner next Friday. Incorrect: Cleo will wear a sparkly red blazer, and high heels. Correct Cleo will wear a sparkly red blazer and high heels. When a subject or object is made up of two items and the second item is parenthetical, you can set off the second item with commas—one before it and one after it. But you don’t need a comma when you’re simply listing two items. Comma between Two Verbs in a Compound Predicate You get a compound predicate when the subject of a sentence is doing more than one thing. In a compound predicate that contains two verbs, don’t separate them with a comma. Incorrect: Cleo will sing, and play the banjo. Correct Cleo will sing and play the banjo. This mistake is most common when the predicate is made up of long verb phrases. Incorrect: I meant to buy tickets for Cleo’s show, but ran out of time. Correct I meant to buy tickets for Cleo’s show but ran out of time. Don’t use a comma in compound predicates unless there is a chance of misreading: Example Cleo spotted the man who entered the diner, and waved. In the sentence above, you need the comma to make clear that it was Cleo who waved, not the man. Comma Splices When you want to join two independent clauses, you need a conjunction or a semicolon. A comma alone isn’t strong enough to join them. This kind of mistake is called a comma splice. Incorrecet: We were out of milk, I went to the store. You can fix a comma splice by adding a conjunction or changing the comma to a semicolon. Correct: We were out of milk, so I went to the store. Correct We were out of milk; I went to the store. Or, you can simply write the two independent clauses as separate sentences. Correct: We were out of milk. I went to the store. Comma after Introductory Phrase A comma normally follows participial phrases that introduce a sentence: Correct: Grabbing her umbrella, Kate raced out of the house. Confused by her sister’s sudden change in mood, Jill stayed quiet. When an adverbial phrase begins a sentence, it’s often followed by a comma but it doesn’t have to be, especially if it’s short. As a rule of thumb, if the phrase is longer than about four words, use the comma. You can also use a comma with a shorter phrase when you want to emphasize it or add a pause for literary effect. Correct: After the show, Cleo will be signing autographs. Behind the building there is enough space to park two limousines. Without knowing why, I crossed the room and looked out the window. In 1816 life was very different. Suddenly, an angry black cat sprang from the shadows. But, if there is a chance of misreading the sentence, use the comma: Incorrect: Before eating the family said grace. Correct: Before eating, the family said grace. Comma within a Comparison Don’t use a comma before “than” when you’re making a comparison. Incorrect: This box is lighter, than that box. Correct: This box is lighter than that box. Incorrect: Hardcover books are more expensive, than paperback books. Correct: Hardcover books are more expensive than paperback books. Commas with Interrupters or Parenthetical Elements Interrupters are little thoughts that pop up in the middle of a sentence to show emotion, tone, or emphasis. A parenthetical element is a phrase that adds extra information to the sentence but could be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence. Both interrupters and parenthetical elements should be set off with commas. Incorrect: The weather I was happy to see was beginning to clear. Correct The weather, I was happy to see, was beginning to clear. Incorrect: Geoff’s cooking skills if you can call them skills left something to be desired. Correct Geoff’s cooking skills, if you can call them skills, left something to be desired. Incorrect: It was sadly the last day of camp. Correct It was, sadly, the last day of camp. Incorrect: Mary unlike Anne is very organized. Correct Mary, unlike Anne, is very organized. Comma with a Question Tag A question tag is a short phrase or even a single word that is added to the end of a statement to turn it into a question. Writers often use question tags to encourage readers to agree with them. A question tag should be preceded by a comma. Correct: These willow trees are beautiful, aren’t they? You didn’t actually write a 600-page vampire romance novel, did you? I know, right? Comma with Direct Address When addressing another person by name, set off the name with commas. Correct: Mom, I can’t find my shoes! Cleo, there’s someone on the phone for you. Hello, Chester. Comma with an Appositive An appositive is a word or phrase that refers to the same thing as another noun in the same sentence. Often, the appositive provides additional information about the noun or helps to distinguish it in some way. If you could remove the appositive without changing the meaning of the sentence, it is said to be nonessential and should be set off with commas. If the appositive is necessary, it’s said to be essential and it should not be set off with commas. Nonessential appositives: Correct: My mother, Angela, is a wonderful cook. The painter, one of the city’s most promising young artists, began showing his work in galleries before he was sixteen. Chocolate, my favourite treat, always makes me feel better after a bad day. Essential appositives: Correct Edgar Allan Poe’s poem The Raven is a classic. Alec Baldwin’s brother Stephen is the most underrated Baldwin. The detective Sherlock Holmes is one of literature’s greatest sleuths. Commas in Dates When writing a date in month-day-year format, set off the year with commas. Correct: July 4, 1776, was an important day in American history. I was born on Sunday, May 12, 1968. If you are using the day-month-year format, however, commas are unnecessary. Correct Applications are due by 31 December 2016. If you are referencing a day of the week and a date, use a comma: Correct On Tuesday, April 13, at three o’clock, there will be a meeting for all staff. Please join us on Saturday, June 14, 2010, for the marriage of Annie and Michael. When you are referencing only a month and year, you don’t need a comma. Correct The region experienced record rainfall in March 1999. Comma between Coordinate Adjectives When multiple adjectives modify a noun to an equal degree, they are said to be coordinate and should be separated by commas. One way to tell whether the adjectives are coordinate is to try switching the order of them. If the sentence still sounds natural, the adjectives are coordinate. Correct That man is a pompous, self-righteous, annoying idiot. That man is a self-righteous, annoying, pompous idiot. The sweet, scintillating aroma of cinnamon buns filled the kitchen. The scintillating, sweet aroma of cinnamon buns filled the kitchen. If the adjectives are not coordinate, don’t separate them with a comma. Incorrect The adorable, little boy was eating ice cream. Correct The adorable little boy was eating ice cream. Comma Before But Use a comma before the word but if it is joining two independent clauses: Incorrect Cleo is a good singer but she’s an even better dancer. Correct Cleo is a good singer, but she’s an even better dancer. If but is not joining two independent clauses, leave the comma out. Incorrect My teacher is tough, but fair. Correct My teacher is tough but fair. Incorrect Life is, but a dream. Correct Life is but a dream. Comma Before And When you have a list that contains only two items, don’t use a comma before the “and.” Incorrect My dog Charlie is cute, and smart. Correct My dog Charlie is cute and smart. Incorect Cleo’s favourite activities are singing on stage, and relaxing in the sunshine. Correct Cleo’s favourite activities are singing on stage and relaxing in the sunshine. When correcting a comma splice, that is when joining two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction, put the comma before and. Commas with Lists When you have a list that contains more than two elements, use commas to separate them. Incorrect: Julie loves ice cream books and kittens. Correct: Julie loves ice cream, books, and kittens. Correct: Julie loves ice cream, books and kittens. (The comma before the and in a list of three or more items is optional. See below under Serial Comma for more information.) Your list might be made up of nouns, as in the example above, but it could also be made up of verbs, adjectives, or clauses. Imagine, for a moment, that you have just finished doing three chores. The chores were: • Cleaning the house and garage • Raking the lawn • Taking out the garbage If you were to list these three chores in a sentence, you would write: Correct I cleaned the house and garage, raked the lawn, and took out the garbage. Or Correct I cleaned the house and garage, raked the lawn and took out the garbage. Serial Comma (Oxford Comma) As mentioned above, when you are listing three or more items, commas should separate each element of the list. However, the final comma—the one that comes before the and—is optional. This comma is called the serial comma or the Oxford comma. EXAMPLE Mary needs bread, milk, and butter at the grocery store. (With serial comma) Mary needs bread, milk and butter at the grocery store. (Without serial comma) I still have to buy a gift, pack the suitcases, and arrange for someone to water the plants while we’re at the wedding. (With serial comma) I still have to buy a gift, pack the suitcases and arrange for someone to water the plants while we’re at the wedding. (Without serial comma) Whether or not you use the serial comma is a style choice. Many newspapers do not use it. Many trade books do use it. In your own writing, you can decide for yourself whether to use it or not—just be consistent. Keep in mind, though, that occasionally the serial comma is necessary for clarity. EXAMPLE: I dedicate this award to my parents, Jane Austen and Albert Einstein. The sentence above will almost certainly cause readers to do a double-take. Without a serial comma, it looks like “Jane Austen and Albert Einstein” is an appositive, rather than two more elements in a list. To put it another way, the writer seems to be saying that her parents are Jane Austen and Albert Einstein. A serial comma eliminates the possibility of misreading, so even if you’re not using serial commas in your writing, make an exception for sentences like this: EXAMPLE I dedicate this award to my parents, Jane Austen, and Albert Einstein. Comma Separating a Verb and Its Object Don’t separate a transitive verb from its direct object with a comma. Incorrect I’m glad I trained, Charlie not to beg for scraps. Correct I’m glad I trained Charlie not to beg for scraps. Incorrect Mary said, she likes chocolate. Correct Mary said she likes chocolate. Comma with Non-restrictive Clause A non-restrictive clause offers extra information about something you have mentioned in a sentence, but the information isn’t essential to identify the thing you’re talking about. Non-restrictive clauses are usually introduced by which or who and should be set off by commas. Correct Posey’s Cafe, which Chester recommended, is a fantastic restaurant. The clause “which Chester recommended” is non-restrictive because “Posey’s Cafe” is already specific. Identifying it as the restaurant recommended by Chester doesn’t narrow it down any further. Correct My wife, whom I love dearly, is a brilliant physicist. The clause “whom I love dearly” is non-restrictive because you could remove it and it would still be clear that you’re talking about the same person—“my wife” is already specific. Comma with Restrictive Clauses A restrictive clause adds necessary information about something you have mentioned in a sentence. Restrictive clauses are often introduced by that or who and should never be set off by commas. Incorrect The cafe, that Chester recommended, is a fantastic restaurant. Correct The cafe that Chester recommended is a fantastic restaurant. The clause “that Chester recommended” is essential information in the sentence above. If you removed it, there would be no way to tell which restaurant you were talking about. Comma between Correlative Conjunctions Correlative conjunctions are conjunctions that come in pairs (such as either/or, neither/nor, and not only/but also) and connect words or phrases in a sentence to form a complete thought. Typically, commas are unnecessary with correlative conjunctions. Incorrect Either the blue shirt, or the red sweater will look good with your jeans. Correct: Either the blue shirt or the red sweater will look good with your jeans. Incorrect: You can wear a pashmina not only for warmth, but also for fashion. Correct: You can wear a pashmina not only for warmth but also for fashion. Comma between Direct Quote and Attributive Tag An attributive tag is a phrase like “he said” or “she claimed” that identifies the speaker of a quote or piece of dialogue. Attributive tags can come before, after, or even in the middle of a quote. Use commas to separate attributive tags from quotations. Correct The professor remarked, “How attentive you have been today!” “Once you know the solution,” Tiffany said, “the whole problem seems very simple.” “You have ice cream on your nose,” my friend snickered. “When you leave the house,” my mother yelled, “don’t slam the door!” If a quotation before an attributive tag ends in a question mark or exclamation point, however, there’s no need for a comma. Incorrect “You have a spider on your nose!” my friend yelled. Correct “You have a spider on your nose!” my friend yelled. Incorrect “Where did that spider come from?” I asked. Correct “Where did that spider come from?” I asked. Comma inside Quotation Marks In American English, commas always go before closing quotation marks. Correct “Pass me that thesaurus,” said Matthew. “If you knew what was good for you, you’d sit down and finish that essay right now,” my roommate said. “We’re going down to the soup kitchen to help serve dinner,” her mother called. In British English, however, the convention is the opposite. If you are writing for a British audience, put the comma after the closing quotation mark. Comma before Parenthesis Parentheses are used to give additional information to the reader—information that would disrupt the flow of the sentence if written as a non-restrictive clause. Commas may be placed after the closing parenthesis but not before either the opening or the closing parenthesis. If the sentence would not require any commas if the parenthetical statement were removed, the sentence should not have any commas when the parentheses are added. Correct after opening the new cookie tin, Chester had a hard time replacing the lid. After opening the new cookie tin (and eating several of the cookies), Chester had a hard time replacing the lid. Incorrect After opening the new cookie tin, (and eating several of the cookies), Chester had a hard time replacing the lid. After opening the new cookie tin (and eating several of the cookies,) Chester had a hard time replacing the lid. Comma between an Article and Noun Don’t use a comma between an article and a noun. Incorrect: The company managers accidentally scheduled the, weekly meeting for Saturday. A, bouquet of flowers may be created using more than one type of flower. I’ll have an, apple. Correct: The company managers accidentally scheduled the weekly meeting for Saturday. A bouquet of flowers may be created using more than one type of flower. I’ll have an apple. When speaking, we often pause while we think of the next word we want to say. In writing, though, there’s usually no reason to add this pause. If you’re writing dialogue and you specifically want to convey a pause here while someone is thinking, use an ellipsis: I’ll have an apple. Comma with As Well As The phrase “as well as” usually doesn’t require commas unless it’s part of a non-restrictive clause. Correct Please proofread for grammatical mistakes as well as spelling. Correct Spelling mistakes, as well as grammatical errors, are distracting to readers. Comma with Such As The phrase “such as” requires commas if it introduces a non-restrictive clause. Correct Coniferous trees, such as pine and spruce, do not drop their needles in the winter. If “such as” introduces a restrictive clause, omit the commas. Correct Trees such as pine and spruce do not drop their needles in the winter. Comma Before Too Using a comma before “too” is optional. Correct I like bananas too. I too like bananas. A comma simply adds emphasis. Correct I like bananas, too. I, too, like bananas. |
derachokolate:you are welcome my brother.
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TONYFRANC:the best thing he should have done was to run a check on the law makers rather than threatening them with dangerous weapons. his confession is devoid of truth. I'm not gullible to believe this lie. enough is enough. this useless Fulanis are taking us for a fool in nigeria. |
Freshkidavid:big lie |
Well, I have long waited to make my last comment on this. __________________ Guy tried to set down this piece together. This piece can make way in Nollywood industry. However, the setting for your story lacks proper setting; you tried to make us believe that “in your story, you portray a situation as if this happened in Nigeria but some of the things you mentioned are common to Nigeria culture. Well this is an imaginary play but it should have proper setting. In Nigeria, senate president is just an Ordinary Politician but a politician with a “first grade”. Love experience is personal and subjective but in terms of play it should have its character (mark). Senate president’s daughter in Nigeria University? Your institution has no name, most of your location has no name. The name of your state was not even mentioned. At least you should have given us an imaginary name and location. Bravo!!!! |
owukpa:odiya na biela nya wa amunya? somethings of sort are not for public as it renews old wounds. mr Owukpa the image u tired to portray is wrong. the igbos u tried to hurt now have develop ur village |
between GEJ and NIGERIAN "so called Prophets" who is better? |
Realdeals:you have lied. e don tey |
justsayemma:at that it was them them GEJ was involved like the way bubu is directly and directly involve in this rascality |
aminulive: |
abeg somebody should check this one blood pressure oooo it seems he has malaria edupedia: |
hahahahahahahahahahahahahahah. my dear are you offended about what the senators are doing or about the illegal operation of the DSS? at times i wonder how we nigerians react to situations particularly pertaining the politics. your gullibility brought this fool and his cabals to power this what we get from it. let me ask you. what business has the DSS with the national assembly? and if you have following what has been happening then you will know why the DSS block the national assembly. NgeneUkwenu: |
hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahhaahahahahahahahahahahah continue this is just the beginning. why did you call them lawless? my friend if u yave nothing to contribute in this platform go and sleep or better still and takecare of buhari's cows in daura. Sarkin: |
i this man is crazy. may help you bubu see your like buhari the goat olaskul: |
LifestyleTonite:you have been a model to so many young Nigerians but with this statement of yours, honestly you have lost it. you are nice person but u have chosen a wrong party. how could |
where did he get this money to do Father christmass? if it were PDP they will begin to say stolen money gimmehear: |
ok no problem nabiz: |
what about those ones from Niger, chad, Cameroon who are roaming the street of abuja? they are in some of the satellite settlement in Gishiri, nyanya, etc. |
hmmmmmmm. what can we say |
stop using bandits rather they are criminals and notorious ORACLE1975: |
Realdeals:if this man is not allowed to take a video at the airport. how come we now have this video here? |
ChangetheChange:how did we get here? see fake news. others senators collected #50 million and shehu #100m. abeg try again another time [sup][/sup] |
how will he sack the security chiefs they were the one who placed him there? he is guided by those people, they dictate what he should do sarrki: |
this is terrible for the Nigerian Democracy. what has he done to warrant such embarrassment? [color=#990000][/color] |
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