Welcome, Guest: Register On Nairaland / LOGIN! / Trending / Recent / New
Stats: 3,161,105 members, 7,845,647 topics. Date: Thursday, 30 May 2024 at 09:37 PM

Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years - Politics (2) - Nairaland

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Politics / Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years (18485 Views)

N2.2tn Debt In One Year: Buhari’s Government Under Attack / Check Your State Domestic Debt Chart- Debt Management Office / Buhari's Govt Incurs N57b Petrol Subsidy Debt -PUNCH (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (Reply) (Go Down)

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Meiji(m): 5:38pm On May 19, 2015
adexsimply:
Well, lemme pretend like I understand the accounting jargon embarassed

Don't "pretend". If you don't understand, ask questions so that those who know can teach you.

Nigeria NEEDS enlightened citizens.

1 Like

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Meiji(m): 5:41pm On May 19, 2015
JingoOAU:
Thanks to my ancestors that Jonathan never got re-elected, our great grand children's future would have been affected

It still baffle me up till now for some elements who are sympathiser of GEJ to believe the man is a saint, role model and corruption free...I am very sure they knw within themselves that GEJ reeks corruption, but they dare not say it out...isn't that cowardice?

Their belated line of answer has always been that corruption or stealing never start with GEJ administration and if we have to talk of stealing, we should also talk of OBJ....very awful and incongruous statement

Even if your children's children future are being mortgaged, what matters to you lots is asslicking

In future, your children will all curse you for remaining silent and letting their future to go bleak

You've just written a long epistle without really saying anything. Kindly explain to the house (if you can) how borrowing from the domestic market makes Jonathan corrupt?

N.B: I'm not saying he's not corrupt - I'm just testing your understanding of what the topic is about.

1 Like

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by dekdek: 5:42pm On May 19, 2015
Meiji:


What do you have to say about the debt of the Lagos State government?

There is nothing wrong with debts perse especially if it's put in good use. It's quite evident even to the biggest critic what is being done in lagos even with the debt. Can we say the same about this cursed govt. Infact these fools even borrow money to pay salaries. Does lagos do that also? Please it's incomparable.

9 Likes 1 Share

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by ken2spaceman(m): 5:42pm On May 19, 2015
All dis Money na senetors dey share am das y e b likee dat SENETHIEFS
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by gbongbo6070(m): 5:43pm On May 19, 2015
Just like dat malam trek from lagos to Abuja to congratulate Buhari for his victory.......Another riding on a bicycle from Kaduna to Lagos to thank Yorubas for voting Buhari......very soon someone wil swim from Lagos to Abuja to see Buhari.......My own be say I go do frog jump from Nigeria to south Africa if Buhari make a Naira equal to a Dollar and dat time we go know who con get craze pass....they think say They fit break record abi?......Abeg which one u wil do if dem sell fuel #20 per litre? HV NICE DAY AHEAD
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Abuesism(m): 5:43pm On May 19, 2015
the money borrowed was used to settle some.families that that died as a result of BH insurgency in the country and other visible problems that we can all see nd know.
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Pope22(m): 5:46pm On May 19, 2015
U people will not appreciate GEJ's administration now.
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Nobody: 5:47pm On May 19, 2015
Time for Nigeria to look for other sources of income...
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Meiji(m): 5:47pm On May 19, 2015
dekdek:


There is nothing wrong with debts perse especially if it's put in good use. It's quite evident even to the biggest critic what is being done in lagos even with the debt. Can we say the same about this cursed govt. Infact these fools even borrow money to pay salaries. Does lagos do that also? Please it's incomparable.

Actually it's not clear "to the biggest critic" what the Lagos State government has done with the borrowed funds. Didn't the Lagos State government also benefit from high crude oil prices, like everyone else? Why has the Lagos Metroline not been completed (despite promises that it would be finished by June 2013)? Isn't that an example of failed promises?

You talk about "borrowing to pay salaries". What about Ogbeni Rauf and Rotimi Amaechi that haven't paid their workers? What do you have to say about that, Demdem?

I'm not trying to defend this administration (it has had many failures). My point is that we need to stop this partisan agenda of painting Jonathan as the sole problem with Nigeria. APC state governments also bear a large part of the blame for the collective mess the country is in.

3 Likes

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Mynd44: 5:49pm On May 19, 2015
Meiji:
What do you have to say about the debt of the Lagos State government?
Lagos owes $1,169,712,848.66 and as at March 30, Lagos has N100 Billion in the state's debt servicing account which means Lagos can conveniently pay off its debt without hassles. Can the FG do the same?

5 Likes

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by atlwireles: 5:50pm On May 19, 2015
FGN Bonds
Nigerian Treasury Bills
Nigerian Treasury Bonds

People are here calling Jonathan corrupt. Why are you people so ignorant., why angry angry angry angry angry angry


By the way, the CBN will be having another N60B bond auction next week or the first week in June, please talk to your broker, he/she might educate some of you. angry
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Neze17(m): 5:52pm On May 19, 2015
i am here to read comment and wait for May 29th

1 Like

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Ikengawo: 5:55pm On May 19, 2015
bebe2:


I have a small business.

And I have no debt undecided
That's why you're on Nairaland and not busy.
If you're selling something as common as hair, you buy the product, then sell it. Upon buying it, you have debt.

1 Like

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Nobody: 5:56pm On May 19, 2015
Nah God will
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by grandstar(m): 5:57pm On May 19, 2015
If the government had slashed the labour force and removed the subsidy after the increase of in the minimum wage to 18,000, government freed as much as 1.8trillion.

The lack of political will to cut the size of the civil service and remove the subsidy is the cause of the problem.

Will Buhari be bold to do the needful?
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Nobody: 5:59pm On May 19, 2015
Bevista:
Strictly speaking, the problem is not the debt per se, but what the debt is used for. While I do agree with your assertion, I would like to say that borrowing for recurrent expenditure is a recipe for eventual disaster. However, borrowing to support production and infrastructure provides a base for more employment, import-substitution, exports, etc. All this eventually lead up to increased revenue to the govt due to the expanded tax base.

In addition, borrowing for recurrent expenditure is a common thing amongst oil rich economies....especially when the oil price falls.

We have been down this road before....back in the 1980's.
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by dekdek: 6:03pm On May 19, 2015
Meiji:


Actually it's not clear "to the biggest critic" what the Lagos State government has done with the borrowed funds. Didn't the Lagos State government also benefit from high crude oil prices, like everyone else? Why has the Lagos Metroline not been completed (despite promises that it would be finished by June 2013)? Isn't that an example of failed promises?

It's only not clear to those who have chosen not to see. Go below and see some. It's currently being updated.
https://www.nairaland.com/2322688/fashola-vs-akpabio-updated-projects
U mentioned Metroline being not completed, than God u didnt say abandoned. At least u can see that work is ongoing. When u talk of failed promises, u must refer to the floating cities Jonah-daft promised us down here in ss and the fool didn't do. Not lagos.



You talk about "borrowing to pay salaries". What about Ogbeni Rauf and Rotimi Amaechi that haven't paid their workers? What do you have to say about that,

All governors are complaining of dwindling income even at that it's no excuse for not paying salaries. For Rauf, i condemn in totality and he has to pay up and he shouldn't borrow to pay salaries the way Jonah-daft is doing. but for Amaechi, how many months do u think he is owning? Don't be deceived by fools on this forum. He is owning just one month for all and 2 months for some and 3 months for few. He has promised to pay up before he goes.
Above all this thread is about Jonah-daft govt. Open another thread for states.


Demdem?

For where?

I'm not trying to defend this administration (it has had many failures). My point is that we need to stop this partisan agenda of painting Jonathan as the sole problem with Nigeria. APC state governments also bear a large part of the blame for the collective mess the country is in.

Jonah-daft may not be the sole problem but he is the core problem. More than half of our resources go to him so he should carry most of the blame also.
Even before any of these states go borrow especially from outside, the fg headed by him needs to approve.
U talk of apc states, are there not pdp states? Who is their leader?
If u want to discuss states, open another thread but this is about the misgovernance perpetrated by this cursed govt headed by the drunkard.



3 Likes

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Nobody: 6:03pm On May 19, 2015
grandstar:
If the government had slashed the labour force and removed the subsidy after the increase of in the minimum wage to 18,000, government freed as much as 1.8trillion.

The lack of political will to cut the size of the civil service and remove the subsidy is the cause of the problem.

Will Buhari be bold to do the needful?

All good ideas....that will lead to the removal of the government.

Because unfortunately due to our oil dependent economy., we do not have a vibrant private sector that would have absorbed all them sacked staff.

(Yes JJ Rawlings did it in the 1980's in Ghana...and people suffered. But the economy improved!).

As for removing the subsidy....it is a good idea....but sadly most Nigerians only see the price at the pump....not the long term savings that would have been made.

Your ideas are good......but this is Nigeria.Good does not work here at all.
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Bevista: 6:09pm On May 19, 2015
bushdoc9919:


In addition, borrowing for recurrent expenditure is a common thing amongst oil rich economies....especially when the oil price falls.

We have been down this road before....back in the 1980's.
I don't think countries like Canada, Norway, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, etc would necessarily agree with you. Even if they did, these are developed economies with strong foreign reserves and good infrastructure.

A developing country like Nigeria cannot tow that path, except we want to wake up 10 years after and then ask ourselves "how did we get here?" Just look at our GDP and Per Capita income - while it is growing in Nominal terms, it is not growing in Real terms.

2 Likes

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by onyxo76(m): 6:10pm On May 19, 2015
temitemi1:
GEJ my HERO! FAYOSE my ROLE MODEL!!
hero indeed
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by free2ryhme: 6:10pm On May 19, 2015
omonnakoda:

In the over five years that President Goodluck Jonathan has been presiding over the affairs of the country, the Federal Government has borrowed N5.04tn from the domestic debt market.

Jonathan became Nigeria’s acting President on February 10, 2010 and substantive President on May 6,2010 following the death of President Umaru Yar’Adua on May 5,2010. On May 29, 2011, he was sworn in as an elected president.

Records at the Debt Management Office showed that the domestic debt of the Federal Government stood at N3,466,360,000,000 (N3.47tn) as of March 31, 2010.

The latest debt statistics from the DMO as of March 31, 2015 showed that the domestic debt had risen to N8,507,545,474,000 (N8.51tn).

This means that in the last five years, the Federal Government had borrowed N5.04tn from domestic lenders. It also means that within the period, the domestic debt of the Federal Government grew by 157.48 per cent.

A breakdown of the domestic debt profile of the Federal Government by instruments showed that FG Bonds accounted for N5.37tn or 63.13 per cent of the total domestic debt.

The Nigerian Treasury Bills, on the other hand, accounted for N2.87tn or 33.68 per cent of the Federal Government total domestic debt profile.
ADVERTISEMENT

Similarly, the Nigerian Treasury Bonds accounts for N271.22m or 3.19 per cent of the Federal Government’s total domestic debt profile.

The DMO statistics also showed that the domestic debts of the states grew by 116.83 per cent within the same period.

As of March 31, 2015, the domestic debts of the states stood at N1.69tn or $10.87bn. However, as of March 31, 2010, the domestic debts of the states which were only given in dollars stood at $5.01bn.

This means that in dollar terms, the domestic debts of the states rose by $5.85bn or 116.83 per cent in the last five years.

Within the same period, the external debts of both the federal and state governments rose from $4,306,180,000 ($4.31bn) to $9,464,110,000 ($9.46bn).

This means that within the five-year period, the external debts of both tiers of government rose by $5,157,930,000 ($5.16bn). In percentage terms, the external debts of both tiers of government rose by 119.78 per cent.

The latest debt figures released by the DMO did not segregate the external debts of the country into the proportions owed by the Federal Government and the various states of the federation.

As of December 31, 2014 when the debt figures were last segregated, the states’ component of the nation’s external debt profile stood at 33.63 per cent while the Federal Government’s component stood at 66.37 per cent.

With $1,169,712,848.66, Lagos State occupied the top position on the list of the most externally indebted states.

It was followed by Kaduna, $234,416,052.15; Cross River State, $131,469,661.94; Edo State, $123,128,295.53; and Ogun State, $109,154,553.08.

The least exposed states in terms of external debts were Taraba, $22,780,063.89; Borno, $23,067,549.16; Delta, $24,233,639.67; Plateau, $30,947,579.75; and Yobe, $31,237,619.25.

The increasing profile of the nation’s domestic debt has been reflecting on the cost of debt servicing.

According to budgetary provisions, the cost of debt servicing went up from N591.76bn in 2013 to N712bn in 2014. This was made up of N663.61bn for servicing domestic debt and N48.39bn for the foreign debt component.

A statement by the DMO last week said the debts of the country, especially those owed by the Federal Government, had not grown unusually in the last four years. It also explained that the debts had been rising because of budget deficit financing.

According to the office, the increase in public debt between 2011 and 2014 was the lowest compared to the period 2004–2007 and 2008–2011.

The DMO said, “In 2010, there was a general wage increase (53.7 per cent average increase) for all categories of public servants, including political appointees. The funding of this depended on increased domestic borrowing.

“The global economic and financial crisis (2008-2010) occurred within the same period. All economies engaged in counter-cyclical public spending, using what was popularly referred to as stimulus package.

“In Nigeria, the government was able to effectively play the role by borrowing from a domestic bond market, which to the country’s credit, had been developed as an alternative source of funding after the exit from the Paris and London Clubs debts in 2005 to 2006.

“While the Federal Government’s debt stock has grown, a comparison with the figures before the exit from the Paris Club should not be on absolute figures alone. The size of the GDP and the structure of the debt must be taken into consideration.

“The increase in the domestic debt was due principally to the financing of the deficits as appropriate in the annual budgets. The budgets include both capital and recurrent expenditure; thus, the deficit cannot be attributed to a single item on the budget.

“In the case of external borrowings, which are mostly from the multilateral financial institutions; the utilisation of the proceeds are tied to projects – in power, agriculture, health, education – and other infrastructure and human development projects.”

The Debt Office added that public borrowings were done in accordance with the mandate of the National Assembly.

Finance experts, who spoke to our correspondents, on the issue, called on the DMO to ensure that it did not go beyond the acceptable limit of debt to Gross Domestic Product Ratio

An Associate Professor of Finance, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Uche Uwaleke, said that the increase in the debt could also be looked at from the standpoint that the economy was growing.

He said, “One important point you should realise is if the debt is sustainable. If it is sustainable relative to the size of economy, then it should not call for concern. As long as we are operating within the acceptable threshold of debt to GDP ratio, then it shouldn’t be of much concern.

“But that doesn’t mean we should continue to borrow, the DMO should do all within its powers to manage the debt stock within a sustainable level.

“Again, the worrying aspect of it is the fact that in the past for instance, we borrowed money to finance consumption. We borrowed money to meet the demand for increase in wages and salaries and we have not recovered from that up till now because if you check the 2015 budget, the provision that has been made for debt servicing is as a result of the impact of that borrowing area.”

Also, Bismarck Rewane, who is the Chief Executive, Financial Derivatives Company, who described the debt as huge, said that Nigeria was spending about 25 per cent of its revenue on debt servicing.

He said, “The debt servicing burden is quite high. The debt has to be restructured because what we are seeing now is that the debt-to-GDP is high. We are spending almost 25 per cent of our revenue to service debt and that is why I say it is quite high, and again we have another large percentage that is spent on subsidy. When you consider all these, you will find out that there will be nothing left to run the economy.”

A former President, Association of National Accountants of Nigeria, Samuel Nzekwe, said the country’s debt would slow down the development of capital projects across the country.

The Chairman, Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria, Abuja District, Mr. Adewale Gbakinro, said it was wrong for the Federal Government to borrow as much as N5tn in the last five years when oil sold for more than $100 per barrel for most of the period under review.

Gbakinro said, “Much of the borrowings were spent on recurrent expenses. It does not make sense to me to borrow to pay salaries.

“The amount of money being spent in Nigeria to run government is not right. I know that democracy is costly but a lot could have been done through financial discipline.”

Gbakinro listed the budget for feeding at the Presidential Villa and the maintenance of the presidential fleet as some areas that government could have cut down on the cost of governance.

http://www.punchng.com/news/jonathan-govt-incurs-n5tn-domestic-debt-in-five-years/
They were crying marginalization. now we have seen what they can do.

All the bags of dollars he blessed some traditional rulers with, were they from his pocket or from the nation's coffer?,

What about those loads of bags that were seen ferried out of his residence to unknown destinations? were they parts of the money - 5trn?.

Somebody just lost in an election, and two days later, some strange buses were seen moving bags out his residence and he has remained in the same residence till date. common! let us wake up

Where are those bags, What is in them? And why the hurry?

2 Likes

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Eruditor: 6:11pm On May 19, 2015
Meiji:


Actually it's not clear "to the biggest critic" what the Lagos State government has done with the borrowed funds. Didn't the Lagos State government also benefit from high crude oil prices, like everyone else? Why has the Lagos Metroline not been completed (despite promises that it would be finished by June 2013)? Isn't that an example of failed promises?

You talk about "borrowing to pay salaries". What about Ogbeni Rauf and Rotimi Amaechi that haven't paid their workers? What do you have to say about that, Demdem?

I'm not trying to defend this administration (it has had many failures). My point is that we need to stop this partisan agenda of painting Jonathan as the sole problem with Nigeria. APC state governments also bear a large part of the blame for the collective mess the country is in.

All state governments share 26% of the total revenue. ALL state governments. The FG gets 52%. I mean 52%.

2 Likes

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by yomzzy(m): 6:13pm On May 19, 2015
omenka:
What exactly can one commend this administration for??
nothing good I could think of Sir. May 29 is around the corner..Change has come.
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Eruditor: 6:15pm On May 19, 2015
bushdoc9919:


All good ideas....that will lead to the removal of the government.

Because unfortunately due to our oil dependent economy., we do not have a vibrant private sector that would have absorbed all them sacked staff.

(Yes JJ Rawlings did it in the 1980's in Ghana...and people suffered. But the economy improved!).

As for removing the subsidy....it is a good idea....but sadly most Nigerians only see the price at the pump....not the long term savings that would have been made.

Your ideas are good......but this is Nigeria.Good does not work here at all.

LOL @ long term savings. You guys never cease to amaze me.

I thought they removed subsidy on diesel? How's the Diesel market now? Any cheaper than before? LOL. I thought Yar Adua instructed that Subsidy on Kerosene be removed? What do we have today? The same people have turned around to claim they spent 9B $ on the same product a president said should no longer be subsidized.

This is the fact: if they remove the subsidy, there would still be no savings. The same FG will loot it all and leave the hapless masses to pay through their noses for the same product whose price will never go down as AGO or diesel has shown us.

1 Like

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by sammhi(m): 6:18pm On May 19, 2015
Haters please read the whole report...it says this is. the lowest borrowing in years....compared to 2004-2007...
also an increase in wages in 2010 account for the borrowing

1 Like

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by lolababe331e: 6:19pm On May 19, 2015
Ikengawo:
90% of the people that read this article don't know that even to start a small business a man needs to go into debt.

Hypocrite angry, you Tanoids were always criticizing Fashola for taking loans but now it's GEJ it's okay abi. If you say Fashola didn't use it for anything tangible we can all testify that GEJ did even worse

3 Likes

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Eruditor: 6:24pm On May 19, 2015
bushdoc9919:


In addition, borrowing for recurrent expenditure is a common thing amongst oil rich economies....especially when the oil price falls.

We have been down this road before....back in the 1980's.

It is a lie. When Oil prices go high, countries save so that when they go low they would have reserves to help augment revenues. Saudi Arabia and Norway both have more than 800B $ stored in their FR. Algeria has over 100B $. But Nigeria under GEJ has just 29.9B $.

That is the problem.
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Nobody: 6:27pm On May 19, 2015
Bevista:
I don't think countries like Canada, Norway, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, etc would necessarily agree with you. Even if they did, these are developed economies with strong foreign reserves and good infrastructure.

A developing country like Nigeria cannot tow that path, except we want to wake up 10 years after and then ask ourselves "how did we get here?" Just look at our GDP and Per Capita income - while it is growing in Nominal terms, it is not growing in Real terms.

Canada and Norway have something Nigeria has not had since the 1980's....a strong industrial sector...that earns them more money than oil.(Canda has 25 million people....Norway has 11 million people).

Kuwait and Saudi produce far more oil than we do....for populations less than 5 million and 12 million respectively.So, when the going is good they can make mega savings FAR IN EXCESS OF WHAT Nigeria can do.

(Same thing for Libya....which is why Ghaddafi and his cronies could loot and loot...and still have enough cash leftover for development).

Nigeria produces the same amount of oil that the UAE does....for a population of 170 million people.And we do not have the diversified economy to fall back on for extra funds.



That is why Nigeria needs to get off oil.

1 Like

Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Burger01(m): 6:28pm On May 19, 2015
Ikengawo:
90% of the people that read this article don't know that even to start a small business a man needs to go into debt.
I'm very sorry to say.....but STFU!sad
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by omonnakoda: 6:31pm On May 19, 2015
Eruditor:


It is a lie. When Oil prices go high, countries save so that when they go low they would have reserves to help augment revenues. Saudi Arabia and Norway both have more than 800B $ stored in their FR. Algeria has over 100B $. But Nigeria under GEJ has just 29.9B $.

That is the problem.
Foreign reserves are not savings ,They do not belong to the government . They belong to every person who has a naira note in their pocket or account and that is why you expect to be able to exchange those naira notes for those dollars
Re: Jonathan Govt Incurs N5trn Domestic Debt In Five Years by Standing5(m): 6:31pm On May 19, 2015
Ikengawo:
90% of the people that read this article don't know that even to start a small business a man needs to go into debt.
What's the point borrowing to pay the outrageous salaries ( 70% ) of a dying business' labour force? A labour force that's grossly ineffective for that matter. In fact the point where the business starts needing to go borrow to meet up with salary payment is the best stage to suggest a pay-cut for staff members.
GEJ should be ashamed of you as a bigot.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (Reply)

Social Media Change Agent Trending (tweets) / Dino Melaye And His Children Tour Georgia / Buhari Leaves For New York For 71st UN General Assembly (pics)

(Go Up)

Sections: politics (1) business autos (1) jobs (1) career education (1) romance computers phones travel sports fashion health
religion celebs tv-movies music-radio literature webmasters programming techmarket

Links: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Nairaland - Copyright © 2005 - 2024 Oluwaseun Osewa. All rights reserved. See How To Advertise. 111
Disclaimer: Every Nairaland member is solely responsible for anything that he/she posts or uploads on Nairaland.