₦airaland Forum

AnyoneButAtiku:
If I were a member of IPOB, I would find it difficult to rationalise my continued membership - given how unhinged the organisation's leader has become.

Kanu is simply trying to cause confusion by strategically planting these ideas into peoples minds.

He will not produce any facts or evidence and I can bet money on it.

Even if he had the DNA evidence, how did he collect it, what is he comparing to i.e Buhari's son, Buhari's daughter, Buhari's brother.

Story.... Make we see. That's how he said he has evidence that will destroy the country, he hasn't released it yet. What is he waiting for?

hayoholla:
I believe the OP will have made things easier if he was arguing for the presence of the black man all over the world. instead of being too afrocentric in his assertion.

I believe the OP is propelled by the injustices and the omissions of "African" contributions to World as propagated by the "white" mainstream and powers that be. I can understand his motivations which is why an Afrocentric posture is not necessarily bad but it can fall victim to the same assumptions as those who are Eurocentrics. The best approach is the observe data objectively without bias and we end up finding out the turth of the matter.

hayoholla:
One thing I want to ask you sir is what makes up the phenotypic and genotypic trait of man is it inate or environmental induced? The reason for my question is you keeping treating each independent of each other of which I quite understand they are, according to science. But dont you see at some point they kind of overlap or maybe one is a preceedent to another?

1.Genetics or DNA are the building blocks of any human or living thing for that matter, therefore any journey to understanding humans should start at this level.
2. DNA is both both innate and influenced by our environment. There are environmental circumstances that put pressure on us which cause mutations in our DNA coding and is passed on to the next generation either as a benefit or detriment. An example is the sickle cell Gene that is pronounced in West Africans. It is both a gene and environmentally derived. The mutation has been postulated to be the body' reaction and defense against Malaria.


So to answer your question phenotype and genotype correlate but it does not imply that one caused the other. In other words there a many other variables that must be considered.

koladebrainiac:
A tourist has been shot dead with a bow and arrow by an indigenous tribe living on a remote protected island in the Indian Ocean
The American missionary was called John Allen Chau and he had travelled to North Sentinel Island - one of the world's most isolated islands - with the intention of converting the people who live there to Christianity.

North Sentinel Island is situated within the Andaman Islands and to say the people of this particular island wish to be left alone is something of an understatement.

The 27-year-old paid fisherman to help him get across to the island, but it appears as if he was killed by the locals as soon as he arrived there.

The indigenous people of North Sentinel are protected by law and it is illegal to go over to the island - not that you'd want to, given that they have a reputation for killing anyone who tries.

It is also important that the Sentinelese are left alone because they could be susceptible to diseases.

Police have since arrested seven people in relation to the case, believed to be the fishermen who took Chau across to the island.

According to International Christian Concern, Chau had become very keen to meet with the Sentinelese after hearing of their existence. He had made several trips to the nearby islands before finally paying the fishermen to get him out to North Sentinel so that he could interact with the tribe.

A spokesperson for International Christian Concern said: "We here at International Christian Concern are extremely concerned by the reports of an American missionary being murdered in India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

"Our thoughts and prayers go out to both John's family and friends. A full investigation must be launched in this this murder and those responsible must be brought to justice."

Police sources said: "He tried to reach the Sentinel island on November 14 but could not make it.

"Two days later he went well prepared. He left the dingy midway and took a canoe all by himself to the island.

"He was attacked by arrows, but he continued walking. The fishermen saw the tribesmen tying a rope around his neck and dragging his body.

"They were scared and fled but returned next morning to find his body on the sea shore."

A spokesperson for the US Consulate said: "We are aware of reports concerning a US citizen in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

"When a US citizen is missing, we work closely with local authorities as they carry out their search efforts."

There are thought to be around 150 people on North Sentinel Island and they violently shun all contact with the outside world.

They were filmed firing arrows at a helicopter back in 2004 and killed two fishermen who drifted accidentally into their waters in 2006



http://www.ladbible.com/news/news-american-missionary-killed-with-arrows-by-tribe-on-indian-island-20181121?c=1542803291199 …

The people were like you want a one way ticket to your heaven right, swack!, there you go.

The words Ethno, ethnic, ethnicity, etymology are all related and simply boil down to "origin" or related characteristics that people tend to be bonded by. I see nothing wrong with one identifying closely to his ethos or ethnicity. The problem is when this identity seeks to ridicule, subject, subjugate and belittle other groups using their ethos as a rallying point to cause discord in societies.

Unfortunately humans are hard wired to this behavior and I don't see it disappearing anytime soon. A hard reality to live with. What does mitigate these circumstances usually depends on how related the people become over time in terms of merging their identities to become one. This is done usually through inter marriage, close proximity in day to day interactions with each other, food, music, and opposition to an external aggressor. The less these circumstances occur, the slower the process will be.

Horus:
Baseless claims with no source or no links provided and no connection with the video that I posted

You see why I say you should stop using old data to bolster your point and understand that the better we get at technology the more we can accurately pinpoint findings.

Genetic testing was just recently (november 2018)o your luzia fossil. it was discovered that she clusters genetically with "Asian/mongoloid" populations from an early peoples known as the 'clovis" culture.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/11/181109155524.htm

SMH Horus!

Horus:
Now I believe you just want to argue just for the fun of arguing: What is the title of the thread?

Title of the thread - Africans Were The First People Of The Ancient Americas

Title of the video - Africans, were the first Americans

You can clearly see that the video is in support of the subject of this thread

Thank you for clarifying

Horus:
No, it is not a "reconstruction" of the skull, the skull is already there, Its a "reconstruction" of the facial feature of what the person looked like according to this particular skull. They explain it at 7:15 on the video

Semantics my dear boy, A reconstruction of a skull includes facial features.

Horus:
Baseless claims with no source or no links provided and no connection with the video that I posted

Hahahaha so your video of a skull reconstruction....ooh sorry "facial feature" reconstruction is solid evidence. Don't make me laugh in Hausa


Morpheus' reason for claim.:
1.The title of the thread is misleading.
2.If the OP states that "Africans were the first in the new world" What does he mean by African? Does he mean black skinned people? or "Contemporary Africans" "Africans from 50,000 years ago?
2. If the OP means contemporary sub saharan Africans then he is implying these Africans in the Americas made it to the new world before everyone else, if so, their genetics would tie with that of contemporary Africans today Where is his evidence?
3. If these "africans left Africa 50,000" years ago it means they became something else and their genetics would tie with other peoples of close proximity to them regardless of phenotype

Morpheus' contentions:
Many Asian groups have Africoid or if you like "negroid" phenotypical traits that are similar to "Contemporary Africans" of today e.g papau new guineans, Andaman islanders, Philipino negritos, Australina Aborigenes, Melanasian peoples including Figians. They inherited these traits from their ancestors that first left Africa 50,000-60,000 years ago, howeve this does not make them African otherwise everyone else that left Africa should be considered "African".
These Asia or Austrolesian groups cluster genetically with other groups around their area. They do not cluster with today's African people genetically. That makes them non African populations

4. Evidence presented to support this assertions.

https://www.cell.com/ajhg/fulltext/S0002-9297(07)60645-4

In the search criteria when you pull above page type in Native American, oceanic peoples, sub Saharan African, Papau new Guinean.

The result will give you a plethora of genetic information on peoples of the new world and Africa.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpE7-sQos9M


Pics of Mtdna dispersion round the world spanning 150,000 years showing genetic lineages

pics of non- African peoples with Africoid features.

Horus:
When did I used the word "negroid" in my post?, show me by using quote, I simply posted the title of the video as it is on Youtube
The person who use the word negroid is on the video, he is one the world leading forensic expert.

So what is the purpose of posting the video if not in support of the subject of this thread? If "negroid" in the video is not a synonym for "African" then what is the Video or Horus implying, please clarify.

Horus:
That is an African feature on the video, not an Aboriginal Australian

Point 1 Its a "reconstruction" of a skull not an exact replica of what that person would have looked like. In simple terms, its an estimation.

Point 2. The skull shape of luzia falls in line with cranio facial adaptations of australian aboriginals, melanesians, papau new guineans as well as Contemporary Africans ( see pic below in order of ethnicity)all who have once upon a time been categorized under the "negroid" cranio metric designation even though they are genetically different people. See Journal of human genetics for further details on genetics of the aforementioned peoples.

Point 3. The first 3 peoples I mentioned above are Asians and their genetics cluster with people in and around that area regardless of phenotype. Their proximity to the new world also lends credence to the possibility that they reached the new world as well thousands of years ago.

Point 4. Lumping people who look similar to each other round the world under the category "black" or "African" is very simpleton and does not advance science or knowledge in the right direction. They are often used to advance an agenda. All people round the world share ancestory to populations that emanated from Africa, it doesn't mean they are the same people that populate sub saharan Africa because they are melinated.

Horus:
Why are you not able to name the skull in the video?.

Cause the video does that and I also mentioned the dating in my previous comment.

Horus:
This is the skull of "Luzia", a Woman. The archaeologist who found these remains was Annette Laming-Emperaire, and together with other colleagues, after dating, she found that this woman lived in south-central Brazil some 11,500 years ago. The "Kennewick man" is dated only 9000 years ago. Can you give me the exact name of the method used for the Genetic testing of The "Kennewick man"?. And also the exact year when this testing was done? Post it here on Nairaland, please!

The skull in your video is dated within the time frame of Asian migrations into the new world. It is +- 2000 years before Kennewick man.

The controversy of the cranio-facial metrics of Luzia is where you are hinging your "negroid" identity. This is the reason mentioned in my previous comment about the strict use of cranio classifications. Once upon a time an Aboriginal Australian was regarded as a "negroid" when in fact his genetics are not the same as a contemporary African who was also categorized as such.

Kennewick man's haplogroups will be matched with the genetic data of modern native American populations and if it clusters then he was most likely of the same descent as present day Asian populations that migrated into the new world. The study was done by a group geneticists at the University of Copenhagen and published in journal format. You can find additional info below

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14625

Horus:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JEAMzJDyZs

Africans, were the first Americans

Point 1: Horus that video is old , I would advise you to stop using it. Science has moved on from that point.
Point 2: The skull in the video is dated btw 9-12,000 years ago, well within the time frame that native Americans entered North America.
Point 3: The terminology mongoloid, caucasoid and negroid have been reserved for cranio metric anthropology and help to determine a skulls shape and "possible" region they emanate from.

Point 4: The oldest fossil found in the Americas "Kennewick man" is dated about 9000 years ago similar to the one in the video. He clusters genetically with native Americans and I would guess so would the skull in the video if the genetic test is taken. The extent of Genetic testing was not available at the time of that video.

Point 5 Phenotype is correlated to genotype but it does not imply that one causes the other. I hope you understand what that means?

jantavanta:
Here is how Europe saw the indigineous Canadians. All Black people with straight hair, wooly hair or kinky hair were once in Africa and their African genes have not "laundered" away even after 100,000 years.

The bolded simply shows how faulty your premise is and very low grasp of genetic variation in human beings. Here's why

1. "All peoples" that populate the world today migrated from founder populations in Africa. It is evident that there were different waves and back migrations as well that took place over 100,000 years. There is genetic evidence for this.

2. It cannot be ascertained what each of the waves of emigrants looked liked "exactly" but the first waves of peoples out of the continent closest "phenotypical" approximates would be that of "contemporary Africans" who did not leave the continent.

3.These populations that migrated out of the continent broke into different groups along the way, bottle-necked causing a lower variation of genetic makeup. They subsequently increased their populations loosing certain mutations and gaining others. This is refered to as genetic drift

4. Genetic drift, sexual selection, diet, climate all contribute to changes in geno and pheno types which express themselves in different levels of variation from the height of a human to skin color, hair texture, cranio-metry e.t.c

5. Today Africa has the most diverse genetic material between two people than amongst them which is why they remain the reservoir of human diversity compared to other groups outside of Africa. Every other group including your "black" indians have lesser differences between each other which butresses the point that i.e They are "technically" not the same as "contemporary" Africans because of this even though they retained certain physical adaptations that were probably beneficial to them or did not "drift".

6. "Every single group" of people outside sub Saharan Africa also inherited genes from "other" types of archaic Humans that existed outside of Africa. The only group known to have these archaic genes in small numbers in Africa are the Masai peoples and has been explained by back migrations into Africa. _Source Journal of Human genetics.

You are concentrating on external factors such as physical appearance and social constructs causing you to miss the scientific realities of what you are saying. These were the same premises that drove eurocentric scientist from two centuries ago who were biased which is why most of their works though informative were pseudo scientific at best.

Case in point,, the following pics of individuals below,the Andaman islanders share a physical resemblance to contemporary Africans but are genetically Asians. How is that they are physically similar to Africans and 100% genetically different from Africans yet retain African phenotypes.? Please explain

jantavanta:
The Out-of-Africans have shared values with us: a respect for Mother Earth. The Aborigines of Australia, will still have common shared values with those of us Currently-in-Africa: their genes could not be de-Africanized by forced adoptions to white families and forced interracial marriages.

Social and psychological arguments that are part of human socialization and constructs. I get it you are mad at "white people for the all the evils they have committed, that however should never mask or mis-interpret what is fact. Data is data and when inferred upon with bias do you get people who use it to their advantage.

Horus:
Nubian archers, Medja Temple Relief, Nubia

Medja

Horus:
Nubian archers, Medja Temple Relief, Nubia

THE Medja would cluster with these people both genetically and phenotypically.

These would not be mistaken for West central/Bantu types

Rossikki:
Can't you read? You saw the date I gave there, being 3200 BC approximately. A quick search of Pharaoh Narmer will tell you what year he lived. Have you even heard of him? You seem to be more into DNA and genetics than actual African history.

1. I am well aware of the date stated 3200 BC, the question was point me to the archaelogical proof that "West African-Bantu types were the predominant "phenotype" in the "time period" you have stated, not 50,000 years ago.

Again the phenotype that would be predominant in and around the nile valley for the time period stated would fall in line with the sudanic, Chadic, East African types and not West-central/Bantu types. Therefore your picto-graphy is misleading.

2. African history is tied to African genetics. Phenotype correlates to genotype.

Rossikki:
The highlighted shows you are an unserious person, as I've no clue what a 'Chinese' person would be doing ruling in Egypt five thousand years ago. The fact that it looks 'Chinese' to you actually buttresses the point that it is West African, as West Africans, apart from maybe the Khoisans of SA, are closest to the Chinese phenotype in Africa. In other words if you painted a Chinese man black he would look like a West African before anyone else.

1. You conveniently gloss over that rest of points stated i.e., genetics, paintings, population movements, etc and rush straight to the "chinese" reference, Hmmmm

2. The idea in my saying it looks Chinese is to highlight the fact that the inference you make upon a stone sculpture is subjective in nature. You have nothing else other than your projection of what you believe it is to buttress your assertion that the sculpture resembles that of a West African person

3. The highlighted does not warrant an answer as it is nonsensical.

jantavanta:
Christopher Columbus called the people he met in the Americas "Indians", because they looked like the
Black inhabitants of India (who had migrated out of Africa over 45,000 years ago). He did not mistake the Americas for India. He did not call America "India".

Here is a picture of a Dravidian girl in India.

Please clarify, A Dravidian is indeed black or dark in terms of skin pigmentation, A Dravidian is however not a "contemporary" Sub-Saharan African genetically speaking and arguably would have distinguishable phenotypical representations that would cluster more closely with peoples of that region.

jantavanta:
The Black Indian man in the picture below looks so much like Eddie Murphy.

OURstory: Black Indians in America
http://electronicvillage..com/2007/05/manic-monday-red.html?m=1

[img]http://1.bp..com/_DmtdGP6kzMQ/Rll1lCGV2YI/AAAAAAAAATA/AjR-zup8Khc/s200/BlackIndian-5.jpg[/img]

https://www./292593307015372163/

Has the man in the picture taken and posted his DNA results to determine if he is 100% genetically native American, if not then his assertion is dubious.

jantavanta:
The concept of race is just a few hundreds of years old. It was created to justify the economic disenfranchisation of people who are not in a position of relative military strength.

I would say it was more or less an anthropological term that was hijacked to create hierichacal structures in the 19th and 20th century by the likes of Carlton Coon and his ilk.

jantavanta:
The infamous one-drop rule that defines any American having a Black ancestor as Black, no matter how White they look is an example.

Many Black Native American Nations were classified as Negroes in order to deny them of Indigenous Peoples' privileges.

The one drop rule in America applied to one drop of "contemporary" sub Saharan African DNA aka "negro" blood.

If these black skinned Native groups were classified as Negro that would be based on physical observation at best but would be scientifically erroneous.

All what these groups would need to do is take a simple DNA test to see if they cluster with other Native American groups irregardless of skin tone, with ZERO input from contemporary Sub Saharan African genetic material and they can claim without doubt their origins in the Americas.

jantavanta:
The link between Africa and the Americas has never been broken. The Ancient Egyptians visited there. Kanka Musa of Mali's brother travelled there.
Here is the cover of an article in the Ancient American journal about the Archeology of the Americas before Columbus.

https://www./297026537919243686/

I don't understand the relevance of your assertion here. The link between Africa and any other part of the world has not been broken either. There are physical adaptations that originated in Africa that are still present in many peoples around the world, call them "Africoid" if you wish, which ties them to the original migrants out of the continent however people can be differentiated on a genetic level. Phenotype correlates to Genotype but the relationship does not imply causation.

Black skinned native Americans were simply that, native Americans with physical adaptations that are similar to Phenotypes that still exist in Africa today.

Horus:
The Deffufa Temples in Kerma, Nubia, Sudan at least 9,500 years old.
Kerma (now known as Dukki Gel), a Nubian term which can be roughly translated as “red mound”wink was the capital city of the Kingdom of Kerma, which was located in present day Sudan. The Kerma site has been confirmed by archaeology to be at least 9,500 years old. Around 3000 BC, a cultural tradition began around Kerma. Kerma was a large urban center that was built around a large mud brick temple, known as the Western Deffufa.

The Eastern Deffufa lies 2 km east of the Western Deffufa. The Eastern Deffufa is shorter than the Western Deffufa, just two stories high.
It is considered a funerary chapel, being surrounded by 30,000 tumuli or graves. It has two columned halls. The walls are decorated with portraiture of animal in color schemes of red, blue, yellow, and black and stone laid floors. Exterior walls were layered with stone.
The third deffufa is of similar structure as the Eastern Deffufa.

Can you point me to where archaelogists were able to date these sites to about 9,500 and what method was used?

Horus:
1 - You can see the city of Kerma on the map below

2 - Abandoned statue at Kerma

I am not contesting the existence of the civilization.

Rossikki:
There is widespread oral, linguistic, cultural and archaeological evidence that the 'West African/Bantu types' occupied northern Africa and the levant in ancient times, in addition to the 'Sudanic' Africans, and that the ancestors of many or most occupants of the present-day West African forest region, migrated from the north and the east in antiquity.

Here is a sculpture of Pharaoh Narmer, also known as Menes 1, the first king to unify Upper and Lower Egypt into a single country, dated to 32000 BC.

........................[img]https://2.bp..com/-nSc1KyeCVIk/WCGdC8djf3I/AAAAAAAALz8/GwqFw29UUiI_KhPMAEj2sDdcB5cxpGchQCK4B/s400/Menes.jpg[/img]

He looks like former Nigerian president Obasanjo to me

I would like to see this evidence during "the periods" aforementioned and not anytime before or after. In other words what "ancient" period are you referring to?

I would also like to see any archaelogical evidence for the "time period" you are discussing. The natufians would be the earliest groups of people Prior to the Kemetians to have formed any measurable history in and around the levant and north east Africa but they most likely emanate from East Africa and would not cluster with West African types both pheno or geno-typically.

DNA evidence would support this as well seeing that older Y chromosomal DNA resides within groups in the Sudanic, Nilo- Saharan, Chadic and East African areas outside of the Khoisan and are almost at a zero level within West African-Bantu types. There is a correlation with phenotype and geno-type although this does not imply causation.

West and Central African-Bantu types, though the most successful to spread across Africa would not have been prominent in and around these areas during "the period" in discussion,therefore the picture I questioned is misleading.

Your reference to the pharoah's pics is implicit interpretation and subjective. That stone sculpture looks Chinese to me. It is neither here nor there. Egyptian paintings do not depict anyone who lived around them with a West Africa/bantu phenotype. The closest depictions resemble the Sudanic types.

OlaedoEkene:
Please I have a very fundamental question to ask all my Yoruba observers and my Ikwere brothers who deny their Igbo ethnicity. Please, can any of you tell me where the famous main ancestral shrine of the Igbo God of thunder Kalụ Kamalụ or Amadiọha is
In present day Rivers state, am I right

You see, if we chose to keep messing around with the concepts of tribe and ethnicity, we'll keep making hollow noise like empty barrels till we all die. That said, a tribe is a part among the rest in an ethnicity, hence there's the Ijebu man in the Yoruba circle. Likewise, there's the Ikwere, Ngwà, Izii, Ikwo, Ekpeye, Ụkwụanị, Ezaa-mgbo, Arọ people that join to compete the rest of the Igbo circle (some tribes not mentioned for time sake).

When we hear some Igbos claim ancestory to Benin, please learned people knwo that it doesn't in any way means they are from the Bini tribe. It means that they migrated from the lands that presently has the Bini people in it even as the Bini evidently moved east from Eko (present day Lagos). It is fact that before Benin rose to prominence many centuries ago, Nri Kingdom wielded much power even to present day Benin (please do your research before trying to refute this), but as her power declined (because of her refusal to join the slave business), the Bini rose to prominence in the slave trade era and Nri's influence over the area declined, including her might to defend the Igbos in the area. Conflicts made the Igbos in that area begin migration, hense the Onitsha people being in Anambra for example. Now, are the Onitsha people no longer Igbo simply because they migrated from present day Benin area? Hell, no.

The case of the Ikwere are different. There is yet to be presented any anthropological evidence which points or proves Ikwere ancestry to present day Benin. And even if that is the case that they indeed migrated from the said area, does that make them Bini and no longer Igbo like the Ika or Onitsha (part of Ika)? Mbanụ, no. But then, there abound anthropological evidence to prove that today's Ikwere people are remnants of Aros who migrated from the Awka, Ọlu, Arọchukwu area. Arọs are found all over Igboland in different states (Ajallị in Anambra, Ndike in Anambra, Arọndizuọgụ in Imo, etc are all Arọ people). Even Ikwere elders present or dead (Chukwu Okike bless them), have attested to this fact through their writings and oral attestation.

When you hear a certain Dunkan Mighty (an Ikwere himself) sing "Aha m efuna, ike m efuna," you can't help but feel pity at how some among a people who were Igbo before the Biafra/Nigeria war, today decide to distance themselves from their Igbo root, thus trying to allow their name in the Igbo fold to be lost. Mind you, I said some; some who allow the likes of some Yoruba all knowing historians, people who write their history and those of others, to tell them who they are. I won't be surprised if tomorrow, Ikwere's would have migrated from present day Lagos. I mean, anything is possible with these wannabe Nairaland historians, who keep relying on the archaic devide and rule tactic to dish out lies about a people so as to keep dividing them.

Now, I understand that many are also relying on the logic that if I bear McConnell and speak English, it doesn't make me an English if I'm not ethnically one. Fine I agree, but then can someone for fact sake point out what the ancestral language of the Ikwere is while remembering that language is part of culture and culture being the people's way of life. What then are the Ikwere if not Igbo? I ask, who from Anambra, Imo, Enugu or Abia doesn't understand Ikwere more than the dialects of the Izii-Ikwo-Ezaamgbo cluster of Ebọnyị if said person has not lived among iether of them for the first time but one day gets to hear them speak Again on answering of name, how can the Ikwere be said to be so disassociated from the Igbo circle, yet from time immemorial stick to Igbo names and surnames on a massive scale which didn't happen out of propagated dominance like the European powers did in Africa and the Muslim hoards of Uthman Dan fodio did to the Hausa/Northern Nigeria down to parts of Yorubaland?
Why is the main shrine of one of the greatest and most revered deities in Igboland in the person of Ofufe, Kamalụ or Amadiọha located in present day Rivers State?

As if that is not enough, anyone who uses mannerism to slice out the Ikwere out of the Igbo fold is but ignorant of the fact that among three brothers in a family, their mannerisms can never be the same. That said, the tribes that makeup Igboland all act in different ways, just as the Yorubas all don't act the same. There must be pockets of differences only to be united by a common ethnicity. An Igbo living near the border with an Igala, or one with an Efik/ibibi, or one with an Ijaw can never act the same.

If the Ikwere's are no longer Igbo because they're in a Niger-Delta which has now become the linguistic norm for any trying to disassociate from the Igbo fold, what then are for example the Yorubas in Benin-Republic and Togo, or the Ibibio of Bakasi now left in Cameroon to their fate? Absolutely, they're not Yorubas, or Ibibios any longer sinse they're carved out of the Nigerian borders just like the South-South is carved off the South-Eastern borders.

My people, the truth is there for any to see.
Whether you are Nri, Aniọma, Arọ, Etche, Ikwere, or even one of us from Bonny, Edo, Cross River, Ákwá-Ibom, Benue, etc, we are all Igbos. We tell our history better than anyone can tell about us.

Jaja of Opobo was Igbo from the Ọlụ area. With him, thousands of Igbos lived in Bonny, with Jaja becoming its first king.

Let an Amaechi Chibuike, a Nyesom Wike, a Wene Okechukwu, an Abụchi Ogbonda, an Obi Walị please step forward to tell us how they came by those names.

And please, read Elechi Amadi's (an Ikwere who fought for Nigeria during the last war) "The Concubine" and "The great ponds." After that, lie to yourself once more that the Ikwere are not Igbo.

Ka Chukwu Okike mezie okwu!
Iseeeee.

Its in their DNA, all they need do is contact 23&me and run a test. mouth can lie but blood cannot

Rossikki:
https://www.crystalinks.com/kermacity.jpg

Not many folks know about the great black African city of Kerma, capital of the Kerma Kingdom. Founded in 3000 BC, it is one of the oldest known established urban centres on earth. Its descendants became the great Kushites or Nubians, who defeated Roman forces in battles, conquered Egypt, and became great historical rivals of the Egyptian empire.

''Around 3000 BC, a cultural tradition began around Kerma. It was a large urban center that was built around a large adobe temple known as the Western Deffufa. As a capital city and location of royal burials, it sheds light on the complex social structure present in this society.''

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerma


Kerma Kingdom:

''The Kingdom of Kerma was located in what is today, Sudan. This kingdom has been regarded as the first Nubian state, and its capital, Kerma, is today an important archaeological site.''

https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-africa/forgotten-kingdom-kerma-and-its-incredible-deffufas-006597

https://media.nationalgeographic.org/assets/photos/106/682/50424075-c711-4a6c-bcbd-384fa8822890.jpg

''By 1750 BC, the kings of Kerma were powerful enough to organize the labor for monumental walls and structures of mud brick. They also had rich tombs with possessions for the afterlife .... George Reisner excavated sites at Kerma and found large tombs and palace-like structures. The structures, named (Deffufa), alluded to the early stability in the region.''

https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Statues-of-pharaohs.jpg?itok=zUCxoBnQ
Statues of pharaohs of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (Black Pharaohs) discovered near Kerma

In 2003, archaeologist Charles Bonnet heading a team of Swiss archaeologists excavating near Kerma discovered a cache of monumental black granite statues of the Pharaohs of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt now exposed in the Kerma Museum. Among the sculptures were ones belonging to the dynasty's last two pharaohs, Taharqa and Tanoutamon, whose statues are described as "masterpieces that rank among the greatest in art history."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerma_culture

https://www.crystalinks.com/piyenubia.jpg

''Kerma was occupied continuously from 2,500 BCE until 1,500 BCE dating it to much the same time period as the Old and the Middle Kingdoms in Egypt. This agricultural and urban state controlled the area from the first to the fourth cataract and there is evidence they were an important trading power with an agricultural hinterland supporting an urban elite.''

Kerma City:

''Clearly this was a sophisticated urban center, with the wealth and strength to threaten the Egyptian Pharaonic power. Indeed some have suggested that perhaps the preceding communities known as Pre-Kerma (that emerged in the 4th Millennium BCE) had an influence on the development of Egyptian culture, suggesting that the early cultural influence and innovation came from the south and travelled north with the current on the Nile.''

http://www.somuchmoretosee.com/2017/05/the-ancient-civilization-of-kerma-sudan.html

Kerma Ruins
[img]https://3.bp..com/-ztaPVRb5PcA/WRIip5eYIBI/AAAAAAAATp0/QWue2nd8h6o8a3Eq0qZ0lMDIrnPfFkzzgCLcB/s640/IMG_0031.JPG[/img]
[img]https://4.bp..com/-lCz893rl3jU/WRIiodw-QCI/AAAAAAAATpU/OqphXWujNj4Ndf3o68Rg2mKPKj-qUMB9wCLcB/s640/IMG_0022.JPG[/img]

Kerma’s Monuments

https://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/western-deffufa.jpg?itok=BUMJfhxV
The Western Deffufa


One of the types of monumental work believed to have been built during this time is called the deffufa. The word ‘deffufa’ is either derived from the Nubian term for a mud-brick building or from the Arabic word ‘daffa’, meaning ‘mass’ or ‘pile’. There are three known deffufas, i.e. the western deffufa, the eastern deffufa, and a third lesser known deffufa.

''The western deffufa is the best preserved of the three. Like the other two deffufas, the walls of the western deffufa are constructed of mudbricks. In the scorching heat, these walls help to cool the interior of the structure. The western deffufa has been measured to be 18 m (59.06 ft.) in height, and covers an area of about 1400 square meters (15069 sq. ft.) There are columned chambers connected by a network of passageways in this three store structure. The decorations and paintings on the interior walls have also been preserved, and a shrine on the roof of the building has been discovered. Whilst the western deffufa is almost certainly connected to the religious life of the people of Kerma, its precise function is still uncertain.''

''At one point, Kerma came very close to conquering Egypt. Egypt suffered a serious defeat at the hands of the Kushites. According to Davies, head of the joint British Museum and Egyptian archaeological team, the attack was so devastating that if the Kerma forces chose to stay and occupy Egypt, they might have eliminated it for good and brought the great nation to extinction.''

http://www.crystalinks.com/nubia.html

https://cdn.face2faceafrica.com/www/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Wikimedia-Commons.jpg
https://www.crystalinks.com/meroegreatenclosure2.jpg
Nubian Ruins near Kerma

https://www.coxandkingsusa.com/resources/images/countries/sudan.jpg
Nubian Pyramids, Sudan

2,000-year-old relief Carving Shows Stylishly Plump African Princess of Kerma/Nubia
https://www.crystalinks.com/kushprincess113.jpg

''Classic Kerma is when the Kingdom of Kerma experienced its golden age. It was during this period that its rulers successfully took control of Egyptian fortresses and gold mines in the Second cataract. The strength and importance of this kingdom may also be seen in the alliance that was proposed to them by the Hyksos in Lower Egypt around 1580 BC. Furthermore, monumental constructions were undertaken during this time to reflect the might of the kingdom.''

https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-africa/forgotten-kingdom-kerma-and-its-incredible-deffufas-006597

Those pics are misleading, the phenotypes and body structure of those Africans look closer to West-African/Bantu types than anything that would have existed that long ago in what is now known as Sudan.

The features of Nile valley people would fall in line with most Dinka, Nuer, Kikuyu, Masai and Nubian peoples of the Nile Valley region who have some of the oldest genetic makeup in Africa.

Pictographically misleading

jantavanta:
An Emblem of America

http://pin.it/22xvJrC


The Americas had always been a land of Black People who sailed from West Africa over 50,000 years ago to become Black Native Americans. Only 5% of African slaves arrived in North America to join Black Native Americans and Black Native Europeans

You are confusing "black skin" a phenotypical expression that originates in Africa with the concept of "race" as it is understood today

Native Americans express black skin as a "Phenotype", their genetics however are completely separate from contemporary Africans separated by over 50,000 years of evolution and adaptation. They therefore are not contemporary Africans nor do they make up the majority of contemporary "blacks" who's genetics are predominantly tied to the that of their ancestors from Africa.

KingSango:
You are nothing.

You can't conversate with nothing

Southern African wife things.

Na their way

KingSango:
Only lies to sodomites.

I am not a sodomite, neither am I Hebrew nor am I black, White, Igbo nor Yoruba

I am that I am!

DNA!

DNA!

DNA!

KingSango:
Continue to spread the light.

You mean "lies"

The truth is unbiased, it has no agenda nor does it take sides nor want a particular outcome. it is simply what is.

KingSango:
A homosexual pedophile order is ruling over the world and has been since ancient times.

So what are you going to do about it apart from yapping all day

OyinbowithaTan:
Lots of Africans, Asians, Europeans look very similar if an adjustment to skin color is made.

their cranio metric, skeletal structure and face morphology are often different which is why anthropologists and the likes are able to discern what so called "racial" type skeletal remains clusters with.

Africa has the most diverse genetic makeup therefore it is not impossible for African people to display morphology, craniometrics or features that exist outside of the continent.

ariketalks:
Are you Yoruba?

Nope

ariketalks:

Many Yorubas seem to look somewhere between Ghanaian and Guinean.

This may be true. There is this Ethiopian lady that could pass for Omowunmi's sister. Funny thing is she's also a model.

Yoruba's to me look more similar to groups in close proximity with them to the west of Africa such as togoloese, benin republic and ivory coast and less like the groups to the east of them such as efik, Ibibio, Fang and so on

I have been mistook for an Ethiopian male before but specifically an oromo male, so there are some groups of people within Africa that can pass for other groups with distinct looks, after all we all cluster phenotypical together than people with zero to no African genetics.