Happy Birthday Nelson Mandela! You are truly a great African.

bk/babe99:


Lol. Typical Biafran spawn! For u we dont even need a DNA test! He tries to school me then in the same vein tries to "order" me around by telling me not to bother replying him; Negro Funxck you!!! And what was the point of the "bootie scratchers"history u tried to force down my freaking throat! Wait. . . HOW OLD ARE YOU? Cus itd be a shame if I'm bout to be drawn into a confrontation with a 12 yr old!

Biafra has come and go, so what in the world is your obsession with Biafra? Order you around? lol WTF? You are seriously trippin or you are on some expensive herbs.

I was simply stating how both Africans and Black Americans throw abuses. And since you are not a Black American, you cannot speak for us. So shut up and move on.

And I am old enough to know you are an illiterate fool.

@ bk/babe99

I may not normally post on Nairaland much, because I do not have the time to do so, but I can see from your post is that you are an Internet troll. You add nothing to a discussion, so please do me a favor and do not respond to me after this post.

My father is Igbo and my mother is from Baltimore. And I have always been able to be around both sides of the family to understand the prejudices that they have for each group. My Black American family members, and many blacks in America rather be called Black American because they have no attachment to Africa would say that Africans are "African booty scratchers." And my Nigerian side would say not to act like those "crazy akatas" and akatas are lazy. I heard the terms, but at the end of the day, this issue is overblown.

As someone who is mixed with Igbo and African American, I must say that there is some resentment in both communities. You will hear derogatory remarks coming from both groups.

But I don't think it is outright resentment. Africans who were raised in America tend to blend in with Black Americans so they do not have much of a problem. And many Black American women are attracted to Africans.

I think this little drama is way overblown.

Now I see both sides of the fence due to the fact of my mixed ethnic heritage.

This was definitely a travesty.

FL Gators:

You would. You're lucky, because a lot of AA wish they could belong to somewhere.

I met this AA lady at the African Student Union, she told me how she wished she knew where she's from and her identity. Thatz why she loves the organization.

And of course, you would pick your father's lady. . . .

That is what many of my family members say on my maternal side that I am indeed lucky. However, it does create some confusion being made up of different ethnicities. And the acceptance part as well. But that goes away when people get older and understand that it makes a person unique.

Yes, I do pick my father's land, but I do not forget the sacrifices the my mother's people made in this land as well. I claim the United States as well, because it was off the backs of my ancestors that this nation was built on. And I can never forget that.

AngieFan:

The country I was born and bred in takes precedence over my father's country Nigeria. That being said I have respect and acknowledge Nigeria as the land of my father.

My father's house is not my house.

God bless the child that has his own.

I share your sentiment as well. My mother is Black American and my father is Igbo. That being said, I have a strong attachment to my father's land though and I recognize that I am Igbo.

However, if you talk to me, I have an American accent and I was raised in the United States. I feel people who are made up of different ethnicities or races should give respect to all of their heritages.

mikeansy:


Violent tribalism in Nigeria did not start with the Civil War and thus your claim that "Ojukwu made Ndigbo hate the union but turned around to collect money from the union" can not be further from the truth.  As early as the 1940s even before Nigeria's independence. History shows that Igbos came under violent attacks in the North. You also attempted to explain the relationship between Ndigbo and Nigeria; and how Igbos see themselves in Nigeria's geopolitics as one defined by a simple lecture from Ojukwu to Igbos to hate Nigeria. Again that is a clear derision of a people who suffered 3years of full miltary assault from the Nigerian state in which Ojukwu had no choice but to defend his people.

Now it is entirely up to you what you want to make of Nigeria's history from 1967 - 70. I have made it a policy not to get into these kinds of debates because Nigerians like living in denial. But on this occassion I was incensed by you trying to make a unifying argument and think it is perfectly ok to  deride a whole ethnic group and call it a factual statement.

On the issue of Igbo President. I for one don't usually worry too much about that because  I don't believe an Igbo President will change my fortunes considerably compared to anyone else if the President in question has no clue. I don't think those who clamour for Igbo President are naive enough to think it will change their fotunes either. It will also not lead to actualization of Biafra as some non-Igbos seem to think. But I guess some folks want to know if they are as Nigerian as everyone else. If systemically the Igbos who constitute one of the three largest ethnic groups are treated with suspicion when it comes to lead our country, then may be our country needs to do some soul searching.

Thats what that agitation is all about.

Even though these days some folks try to define Igbo in terms of geography which is not the case. Based on what bein Igbo throughly means CDS Paul Dike is an Igbo man and since he has been CDS he has not undermined the territorial integrity of Nigeria. So folks just need to rid themselves of their paranoia.

Thank you my friend for this enlightening post. I could not have said this any better. You truly have a grasp in what the Igbo people think.

Kobojunkie:

The ones who have done the denying so far on this thread, and have gone as far as to give us a list of states that ought to be considered Ibo, eliminating surrounding states are those who claim to be “real” ibos.
You know what I think, this brings to mind a question that was posed on another thread. If this level of division exists among the ibos, how feasible is Biafra?

Division exist in any society, it doesn't matter where the country is located in the world. The U.K. has fault lines, India has hundreds of fault lines, and Germany has fault lines. The way I reason, we cannot make predictions about the present state of a people. Predictions do not mean a Biafra is not feasible. However, one thing that is true is that the way Nigeria is set up now is not working. If over 50 years we do not get it, then I do not think we ever will.

And concerning our discussion about Jonathan, I have yet to see any Igbo deny that there is connection between the Ijaw and the Igbos. My great grandfather who was an indigene of Umuahia traded with the Ijaw people and the other groups of the Niger Delta. It was due to these trade contacts that my own grandmother spoke Kalabari due to my great grandfather's trading activities.

sjeezy8,

But why would there be a Western bias since Goodluck Jonathan was on the same ticket as Umaru Yar'Adua? That way of thinking does not make sense. Are you trying to imply that the West would prefer a Christian running Nigeria instead of a Muslim? I am simply just posing the question, because I am having a hard time understanding why the West would prefer Goodluck Jonathan.

Kobojunkie:

I am not certain it is the groups themselves denying their Ibo Identity. Matter of fact, we have so far had Ibos DENYING the other groups on here. Some have even gone as far as to list the only states that ought to be considered Ibo, redrawing the maps and essentially, limiting the use of the word to their RIGHT MODEL. The Rivers, Cross Rivers, Akwa Ibom folks aren’t the ones redrawing the map on here.

Even though some Igbos denied other groups being Igbo, for the most part, we have Igbo sub-units who have denied being Igbo due to the marginalization of Igbos in Nigeria. Lets not stick our heads in the sand and understand that many Igbo sub-units find its more expedient to deny being Igbo in get access to scarce resources. I am not one to cry out marginalization, because my family left Nigeria for greener pastures since the country does not reward its most talented individuals which forces many to leave for the West.

However, why would you think the Ikwerre deny their Igbo roots even though the language they speak, their culture, and even the names of their children are all Igbo. It is actually sad, because an Igbo from Enugu can understand the Igbo being spoke by an Ikwerre with relative ease. You never see among other groups, asking if a people we all know are the same people questioning their identity.

sjeezy8:

lol tyhe funniest comments I read on here 

The Uche-guy say we cant tell the difference bewtween efik-ibibio and Igbo but people seem to support Donald Duke( from cross river) in becoming president more than any guy in the "EAST".

sjeezy8,

I made that comment for a reason, because the majority of non-Easterners cannot tell the difference between an Igbo from Efik. Why do you think that even Efiks, Ibibios and Kalabari were targetted in the North during the Pogroms and not the Yoruba. That is due to the fact, that they were seen as the same people with the Igbo, even though they were not. Cultural similarities, but not the same people. Only the people of the East understand the nuances between the group. I bet you did not know that you can even lump the Ibibio together with the Efik and Ogoni since all of their languages are mutually interchangeable, but for some reason, they are all separate ethnic groups.

It just baffles me that the politics of divide and rule is still in action in the East. Our links are much older than the nation of Nigeria and that is a true travesty. Even the link between the Igbo and the Ijaw is an old one as well. Why do you think Goodluck Jonathan's middle name is Igbo? Why would a people who hate the Igbo so much give their children Igbo names?

FYI, most Igbos could care less about the politics of Nigeria. That is why you do not find many Igbo politicians trying to lord over the entire nation. Why would someone try to rule a nation that has so many fault lines? I know I would not sleep at night if I was put in charge of Nigeria.

I am seeing a whole lot of nonsense since I last posted in this thread. People like Ezeuche [/b]and [b]bk/baybe97 is not helping the issue either.

Even if and that is a big IF, secession was achieved, every people have the right to determine their own destiny. I am a big supporter for Self-determination among ALL groups. It doesn't matter if the person is Igbo, Yoruba, Ibibio, Ijaw, Urhobo etc, each group has the right to self-determination. That being said, some groups would find it beneficial to join forces with each other, because sometimes, the bigger the nation, the more clout that it has.

On the issue that Igboland will be landlocked, that does not necessarily need to happen, if some Igbo groups who deny their Igbo identity will set oil politics aside and see that we are one Igbo-speaking people. Oil has been the bane in the East, in which people overly depend on oil in which they should be focused on their own ingenuity.

Finally, on the issue of Igbos being hated in the East, I find it interesting that the people commenting on this issue do not even know much about East. Eastern politics is quite complex and I doubt people from the West or northern part of the country understand the dynamics of the East. For example, to a Hausa, a man from Ibibioland would probably be seen as a Igbo by the way he speaks and his cultural mannerism even though the man comes from a distinct group. How many Yorubas can tell the difference between an Igbo or an Efik? Or an Ibibio with an Ogoni? The answer is that you can't.

This discussion about the Igbos being hated that was brought up by bk/baybe97 is not needed, and in fact, it is quite childish. Igbos have been trading and had links with these people even before the Europeans stepped foot in those communities. Igbo traders even traded in modern day Cameroon so that will tell you how long the trade roots and how old the links are.

Leave tribal hatred aside, because Nigeria not progressing and no group is surpassing the other group in any way. It doesn't matter if the person is Idoma, Bini, Igala, Hausa etc, the majority of people making up these groups are still suffering.

beneli:

Sorry to barge in to your very interesting discussion, but I am a bit curious to see how you would reconcile the above point with the rest of your argument.

With the rest of my argument, I am simply reiterrating what the British stated when they were trying to subdue the Igbo. With my statement that you highlighted, I was thinking that if the Old Oyo Empire was at the height of its power, then it would have been harder for the British to subdue Yorubaland.

However, with the British record, they would have dealt with the Old Oyo Empire just like the way they dealt with the Sokoto Caliphate and the Benin Empire. Once you strike the head, then the cookie crumbles. This is just a hypothetical conclusion.

Let us use the example of the Roman Empire and their invasion of Germania. In the past, Germany was a collection of Germanic speaking tribes, but the Romans could not conquer these people, because like the British, they had to go from clan to clan in order to subdue them. This constant warfare drained the Roman Empire and they had to pull back into Gaul (France). The decentralized nature of the former Germanic tribes was a benefit to them, because they were able to overstretch a great power. And the Roman Empire at its height was a strong militaristic empire that the world had never seen.

Now back on topic, the Igbo needs centralized leadership who can speak on behalf of Igbo interest. Clannish sentiment need to be left in the past and one day, we need a leader like Otto Von Bismark to unify all the Igbo speaking groups. I even believe we need a unified language. Before Mandarin Chinese was created, the Chinese language had thousands of dialects. Not until the first Chinese emperor did the language become codified and under one standard dialect. This is what needs to happen for the Igbo. All these dialects in our language is not useful when communication can be difficult for people who speak the same language.

Katsumoto, it has been documented that Ndi Igbo were very hard and troublesome to subdue. The British preferred conquering organized states, because once you took out the head, then the body fell. The Ndi Igbo had not central figure in which the British could cut off so that is what made it difficult for them to conquer the Igbos. And yes, it was hard for the British to have to go from village to village to defeat the Igbos. Not to say that as a people were better at resisting the British, but from their own historians, not ours, they believed that the Igbo were the hardest to subdue in Nigeria. It was due to our decentralized nature. A stronger power would rather face a unified group than a group that is not unified. Because you have to battle each faction for control, not just strike a final blow at one target.

Leave tribal sentiment alone, the British thought the Fulani were the easiest to subdue once that defeated the Sultan of Sokoto, and Yorubaland was already in disarray due to various factors. Now if the Old Oyo Empire was at its height, then it would have been harder for the British.

Now the Benin Empire was a force that challenged the British directly and that is why they sacked their capital. And to add insult to injury, they stole their famous Bronze statues which was the most tragic of the whole situation.

Ok I understand why refineries would be built along the coast in Bayelsa and Lagos state but I do not understand why build a refinery in Kogi State. Refineries should be located near the sea and also close to where the oil is extracted. It is not economical to build a refinery that is not close to where the oil is extracted or shipped. And like someone else said, the Nigerian governments needs to work on maintaining existing refineries before building more.

Interesting discussion since I left. Yes, I agree that we Igbos have to get rid of our clannish sentiment, but our mini republics is what makes our people great. I'll be damn if we have a king. I am ok with a military or political leader who can channel Igbo interest, but hell no to any king. Excuse my language. Yes, I believe in a strong unified Igbo state, but I only support a state that recognizes our differences as well. Case in point, look at how Germany is unified, but at the same time, there are regional differences among the Germans. Bavarians consider themselves Germans just like the Prussians, but there are still differences among them.

^^^^^^^

You should never forget your morals for expediency my Igbo brother. Just because everyone else is doing it, does not make it right. Our form of governances  has been able to stand the test of time.

Where has all this worrying about yourself got this nation? This nation is still not going anywhere. If that system is not working, then it is time to try another one. It as simple as that. Nigeria is a dog eat dog world in which no group has the advantage over the other and majority of people no matter what their ethnicity is, are still suffering and dying.

mekuszyx:

You give too much credit to the hausa fulani. We have seen how united they are with the incapacitation of Yaradua and eventual death and all the undercurrent. We have seen how united they are, yet Atiku and Buhari cannot form a credible opposition party.

No Hausa politician will get the support of the Hausa people in general without the support of the Emirs and the Sultan of Sokoto. All these politicians who you have mentioned need the support of the elites, before they can get the support of the people my brother.

SEFAGO:

Every Yoruba eats Amala is a pretty good generalization. I am sure if I made a good generalization of igbo people you would probably not care. But when I make bad generalizations you guys get indignant.

Nation-states cannot work in such a way. No nation state in the world is communal or truly democratic, even the origin of democratic thought- the United States cannot claim true democracy. Such types of democracy can only work in small villages or small towns. Get with it- we are in the 21st Century. The West won, and we gotta do things like the West. Exploitation is the rule of the game- every tribe for themselves, this is not christmas  

I do not believe in generalizations that are either positive or negative. This is something that I stand by. I do not look at the group, I look at the individual. Now I will remark on cultural traits, such as competition among Igbo families to produce children who are highly educated. This is something that I have noticed among the Igbos in the United States. I cannot talk about another group that I do not know personally.

How do you know a nation-state cannot work in such a way? Just because it was never tried before does not mean it will not work. The United States was an experiment that apparently worked. I do not believe in such zero-sum games either. If people learn to work together and stop being greedy, the world would be a much better a place. We do not have to live in a Hobbesian state of nature.

mekuszyx:

I look toward the West, I see no leadership. I look toward the North, none can be found.

The West may be disorganized, but the Core North is not disorganized. There leadership is firmly in power. The Hausa have the best form of governance when it comes to people following the will of their elite. This is something that is most admirable and scary at the same time when discussing Hausa-Fulani culture. Such a cohesive group, it just boggles the mind that a people can form a collective will through their religion and leadership.

SEFAGO:


Ok, I dont agree with the latter part of the Posters comments. I believe the igbo could field brilliant presidents/leader if they are allowed to. So could any ethnic group. And I am very well aware that the Igbo are very much marginalized in tyhe power structure of Nigeria. However, I agree that the igbo extraction have not shown the superb leadership skills that Yoruba or Hausa people have. Leadership is not about leading, thats childish crap- its all about exploiting, so maybe its cultural per se?

the igbo have been more communal than the Yoruba or Hausa who have been organized into Feudal and State system, so this would make sense. As Ezeuche pointed out, trust is a problem in Yoruba culture possibly.

Generalizations might be wrong but they can sometimes be correct. You culture does impose some effects on how you think. I can never thing the same way as a Caucasian who grew up in Germany no matter how long I stay in Germany.

Have you ever thought that many Igbos do not want to be a part of this system? That could answer your system. Remember that prior to independence and after independence, the Igbo had many nationalistic leaders. Some one say that the Ndi Igbo were the most patriotic in terms of nationalistic tendencies. That is why we are found throughout Nigeria. As some people say, if there is not any Igbo living in an area, then the place may be bad for business.

However, I do agree with your assessment about the Feudalistic and State system of both the Yoruba and Hausa. It is easier for both of these people to follow a strongman than an Igbo would due to our democratic nature. Our republican form of governance has served us for over a thousand years, and I do not see any change coming to our culture on that front.

Generalizations are always wrong, because there are always differences. I tend to stay away from a generalized statement. Now I may mention a cultural trait, but I will not speak in such blanket terms. Especially when a people is as diverse as the Ndi Igbo.

SEFAGO:



As predisposed as Ashkenazim Jews are to Cystic Fibrosis

I would not say so, case in point, I do not have a flat head. Am I an outlier? My picture is for all to see. Generalized statements are never good. It is like saying that all Yorubas are dark as midnight, or all Swedish people have blonde hair. It is never good to make a generalized statement about a people.

Now it is time to go back on topics and the poster of this thread is highly ignorant. That my brethren did not need to dignify him with a response.

Interesting topic. Especially the conversation that is occurring right now as we speak. And all this talk of flat heads. Are we Igbos predisposed to having flat heads?

Onlytruth:


Our decentralized nature is not good if we want to survive in Nigeria, and by the way it is NOT chiseled on iron. Under Biafra, even non-Igbos created and identified with one identity. Though Ojukwu is from Anambra, to this day, he still enjoys love and loyalty in ALL parts of Igboland. You may not believe it, but if the federal government stays away from internal Igbo politics, we can actually create one identity and ensure common values like we had before and during the civil war. Which is why state creation is a war strategy.  States will be created because it serves a strategic goal -it divides people. Which is manifested in our argument and disagreements on this thread.  If you can pause and actually think, you would realize that state creation is NOT a good thing even for the Igbo subgroup in Ngwa land.

Thank you my Igbo brother for those very wise words. Our Ngwa brother needs to understand that division causes more problems for us since we still reside in Nigeria. Group cohesion is needed so that we can face outside threats. The Ngwa would not be able to prevent an invasion in their land without the support of their fellow Igbo brothers. Instead of these silly clan loyalties, we should be united along our ethnic group in order to face any external threat.

It is sad that our Ngwa brothers are trying to take a chapter from our Ikwerre cousins, who are now starting to realize the error of their ways.

I like to use the examples of Germany and China and how unity was achieved at all cost. Otto Von Bismark used the power of Prussia to subdue the other German speaking states. And China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi  in 224 BC united all of the Han Speaking states and even streamlined the Chinese language that we see today. Because prior to unification, the Chinese language had a lot of differences, just like we Igbos have a vast differences in the dialects of our language.

ChinenyeN:

The example is illegitimate because body of water, and land separates them? Understand that I was speaking about their modes of speech, specifically, in that example; not territory and identity. Territory and identity is for discussions of ethnicity. Modes of speech is specifically a discussion of language.

As I explained to you, the reason why there modes of speech is the same is due to fact that the Romans originated in Italy and colonized Spain and mixed with the inhabitants. That is why they have similar 'modes of speech.'

You cannot compare their modes of speech with Ngwa and the greater Igbo populace. The Ngwa are ONLY a tribe, not an ETHNICITY!!! When will you realize the error of your ways and cease and desist with this nonsense.

ChinenyeN:

Another failed example, 006, because apparently, the Igbo "tribes" are not unified.

When I say "Igbo", I'm referring to the relatedness in modes of speech and culture (but primarily modes of speech). When I say "Igbo identity", I'm referring to "Igbo consciousness".

You are wrong my friend.

The Ngwa are not a separate ethnicity sorry to say. You used the examples of the Spanish and Italians, but they is a foolish example. Look at how much land and water separate them and the reason why they speak a similar language is, because both languages are based off of Latin. And the reason why there are so many Latin words in Spanish is, because the Romans colonized Iberia (Spanish Peninsula). So that was a horrible example.

Let me use the example of the Ashanti and the Fante. They are different tribes, but they speak the same Akan language with vast differences, but they are still the same Akan speaking people. The same goes for the Igbo speaking people such as your people the Ngwa and the Mbaise people.

Donald Duke is a very intelligent man. He should have never become a part of the monster known as PDP. The man has a vision and he is willing to follow through with it. I support his campaign for the presidency.

And another example of why the Ngwa are trying to create their own state is based off of land as well. They are trying to follow the example of the Ikwerre cousins and what they did to the non-indigene Igbos in Port Harcourt.

I am quite puzzled and alarmed that the Ngwa elite and this young Ngwa fellow is trying to create a new Ngwa Ethnic Nationality. It will be only a matter time that the Ngwa would want to be called Ngwa instead of Igbo and will disassociate themselves with the wider Igbo populace.

Just look at the Ikwerre who perfected this assault on their Igbo kin, but look at how this backfired. Look at Port Harcourt and how the Ijaw have expanded into the Ikwerre prized city of Igwe Ocha, oops I mean Port Harcourt. The statue of Isaac Boro stands prominently in Port Harcourt which was never an Ijaw town.

The Ngwa and their conceited nature just like the Ikwerre may choke on their words.

ChinenyeN,

I feel that you are one of a small minority of the Ngwa Clan population who feels this way. You know you all want your own state, because of the so called 'marginalization' that is occurring in Abia State. And it ONLY has to do with politics. You all think the power in Abia State resides in Umuahia, but you should know that even some people in Umuahia feel marginalized by the current administration. My area in Umuahia South LGA do not like the fact that someone from Umuahia North LGA is in power. You see how idiotic the views that if it is not them in power, then it is not good.

We should be looking for more unity and the commonalities among the vast Igbo groups. What makes you think that your clannish Ngwa are better than others. Someone needs to make you all low, because you all are not special. To anyone else, you are an Igbo. You bear IGBO names, and you speak a dialect of Igbo. So that makes you an Igbo. Nothing more and nothing less.

And I pray for the day that One Igbo leader to unite us all and represent the views of the entire Igbo race. Not something based off this stupid clan structure.

Andre Uweh:

Aba state creation movement has been old as state creations in Nigeria. Though some call it Enyimba state but what matters here is that it should be created.
This state when created will incorporate all the Ndoki people balkanised into Akwa Ibom, Rivers and Abia states together.
It will also include Obigbo and Omuma areas of Rivers state. I give full support for the creation of Aba state or Enyimba state.
Having said that, What Ndigbo need most is Njaba state. Though am not from that region but it is the most qualified.
Second is Anioma
Third is Aba.
4th is Adada or Nsukka state. But this one has only seven LGA's, so I doubt it.

We do not need anymore states being created in Alaigbo. Maybe include Igbo speak areas within the states we currently have. We Igbos are already balkanized already, we do not need anymore balkanization.

At this time, we should be fighting to move back to regional governments, not the creation of more states. It is out of pure greed that people want more states.

ChinenyeN:

Ezeagu, really? As if to say you don't know. . . The Ngwa (like other Igbo groups) have always been their own ethnic identity. Igbo "ethnicity" is a new concoction; an attempt to establish what still isn't.

I should have known that was you my Igbo brother. Not only are you arguing about this on Facebook, but also on Nairaland.

The Ngwa are only a clan, not something that be considered an ethnic identity. Our language is what unites us. If an Aro man can understand the Igbo being spoken by a Ngwa person, then they are of the same ethnicity since they both speak the same language even though their dialects are different. Consider the dialects spoken among the British, but they are still one people.

We Igbos need to leave our clan loyalties and join the wider Igbo Cause. When you are in a nation that has MANY ethnic groups, then numbers matter. If we Igbos had our own nation, then people like my Ngwa brother can talk about his particular clan loyalty, but not in a nation where Igbos still face marginalization no matter what clan you come from.

I think Igboland is in dire need for an Otto Von Bismark type of leader to unite the various Igbo states under one Igbo man. Germany once had this problem in which the German people operated in such a clannish and feudal way until Otto Von Bismark under the auspices of the Prussian Emperor united all the German speaking people except in Austria. Even the Chinese was made up of different people. I blame the British for getting involved in Nigeria. If we Igbos were able to advance like any society would do, a strong Igbo clan would have conquered the other clans until we became one united people. This did not happen and some of us like my foolish Ngwa brother who shall remain nameless will continue to whine and cry about having a ridiculous "Aba" State.

We Igbos are still evolving in which many of our brothers such as the Ngwa and Ikwerre are still looking to their pre-modern society while some of us are more progressive in looking for a more united Igbo federation.