₦airaland Forum

suledes:
People don't get the fact that Oba can't be installed in Ilorin because the city consist of various tribes such as Yorubas, Nupes, Fulanis, Hausas, Baribas, Songheys, Malians, etc. Though majorly occupied by the yorubas. Even most of the yorubas are typical core muslims which they isolated from idolators. If you go back history, Ilorin is the hub of Islam in the South-west (yorubas). There are Obas in other towns in kwara state such as Olofa of Offa town, Arangun (one of Oduduwa Children) of Ila town which has supreme authority over Igbomina land. There are other Obas also such as Omu-Aran, Ajase Ipo, Onigbaja etc. Therefore, the Ilorins put religious factor first before others.

It is ignorant of you to suggest that having an Oba symbolizes Idol worshipping. I don't have any problem with ilorin people if they like to have a very small minority group like fulani to control them.

The nupes, baribas, fulanis and hausas are very small minority that don't even make up 10% of the total population of ilorin. Majority of these groups are already assimilated into yorubas. These minorities are now yorubas, even the Emir is technically and culturally a yoruba man.

Islam has been used to justify control of most hausas state and northern yoruba state by fulanis but their version of Islam only come into Nigeria and South west less than 200years ago. We have Muslim in old oyo prior to usman dan Dan fodios political jihad.

madridguy:
Emir is what we need in Ilorin. Shikena

Who made you spoke man for ilorin people?

Two course of block was built over the grade beam to help raise the building floor level in other to prevent against flooding

Preparation of grade beam reinforcement.

Grade beam is a reinforced concrete beam design to span from columns to columns, carrying only ground floor walls and transmitting such load to foundation columns instead of the soil below.

Here are some of the pictures of ground beam reinforcement

Formwork to foundation column

More pictures

Casting of the isolated pad footings :
The mix by volume is : one back of cement to three head pan of sand and 5 head pan of local gravel.

Depth of the footings is 450mm.
Width of footings = 1200mm

More updates from the anambra:

Placement of starter bar into the blinded pad footings.

EngrOsas:
Wrong!!!
This isn't how to reinforce stairs

You are wrong!!!
That is how you reinforced starter bar of the following stair.
1. Straight flight stair
2. Dog leg stair
3. Open well stair.

These type of Stair behaves like an encasted beam at supports which may be from dpc to landing or one landing to suspended slab.

These behavior necessitate for the introduction of a top reinforcement at the support. The reinforcement you saw above is the top reinforcement at the starter. The bottom reinforcement of the stair will come in after the construction of the stair formwork.

The confusion people make is how where will the top reinforcement terminate and where will the bottom reinforcement begins.

The top reinforcement terminates at a point with zero bending moment also known as point of contracflexure.

Note: the iron bender made a simple mistake that will be corrected when we are continuing the stair reinforcement. He positioned the distribution bar on top of the main bar for the top reinforcement, this will reduce the effective depth of the top reinforcement. I let it slide because it is a simple mistake that will be corrected as we continue the stair reinforcement.

The following pictures will help me throw more light on my explanation.

Picture one is the bending pattern of such stair.

Picture two is a detailed reinforcement of starter bar for stair

Looking closely at our reinforcement, it will seen that they are cut to sizes, bend in accordance to standard bending practice of bs codes.

Detailed analysis of the pad base:
The pad bases are made up of Y12 with bent up hook of 300mm by the side.

The spacing of the bars are 200mm (8'')

Detailed analysis of the starter column/foundation columns
The columns have size number of Y16 each
The rinks are 8mm and spaced @ 200mm c/c.
The hook below the foundation column is 500mm

Note : hook below column help to transfer the load from the columns to the pad bases. Some contractores/builders/engineers erroneously make this hook too small and hence unable to transfer load better.

Take a closer look at these columns below

Prepared reinforcement ready for concreting

Pictures of isolated pad base excavation work

Foundation type: isolated pad footings and grade beam.

The isolated pad footings have the following properties.
Depth of footings = minimum of 1200mm
Width of foot = minimum of 1200mm
Isolated pad base reinforcement = 12mm high yield bar.
Spacing of isolated pad base = 200mm c/c.

Starter columns :
Columns height = 2.4m
Reinforcement type = 16mm high yield bar
Size of column section = 450 x 225mm
Number of main bar in column = 6 Y16
Links size = 8mm high yield
Spacing of links = 200mm center to centers


The choice of foundation was influenced by the following.
1. The land use relatively flat.
2. The soil is relatively firm clay.
3. The building floor loading intensity is relatively light.
4. The work is an extension where digging of strip will not be too good for the structural integrity of the existing building.

Stage one : setting out of the small extention

The floor plan.

Stage one: conceptual design of the proposed redevelopment 3D.

Anambra extention work.
For this particular job, we will be managing the construction as a consultant performing the following task.
1. Preparation of the designs, 3 Ds, working drawings and structural designs.

2. Responsible for the setting out

3. Come in at every important stage of the job like setting out, casting of dpc, preparation of reinforcement etc.

4. Reviewing construction work from day to day through whatsapp pictures and chat.

The client was responsible for the following.
1. Assembly of all artisan, labour, materials etc.

More updates from Benin duplex:
Lintel formwork, iron bending work and concreting.

madridguy:
Not in this life again. Ex-Gov Lawal tried it and he paid dearly with his life. We don't want ritual in Modinat Ilorin.

Very myopic statement... History is really needed to help remove the shackle of enslavement out of the mind of Nigerians.

What is special in been rule by turban wearing slowpoke

abouzaid:
I'm at zungeru, i was impressed during my last visit to suleja it seems every bit more progressive than minna.

Yes boss. Suleja is way ahead of Minna in term of business opportunity owning to her closeness to fct.

abouzaid:
please, on this issue of retirement, I'm a very restless person by nature and can't hope to retire without some form of work, so i have been thinking of buying 100x100 plots of land at both Niger state and onitsha in still developing areas so that i can build small recreation and fitness centres with thread mills,weights, a small restaurant, bar and maybe a small lap swimming pool, I'm still in my early thirties but I'm planning to retire early , I'm ready to make sacrifices like having a small family and living a simple lifestyle so that i won't have to work round the clock for an abusive employer, i currently teach and would qualify for a small gratuity in six years time, i have a pension contribution scheme which I'm not serious with because i don't trust any of those pension companies, i run a small construction company on the side with my ex class mate and God has been good to us, i intend to try out my hands on the foodstuff storage business next year because inflation have eaten deep into my savings since buhari came to power and food stuffs always seem to appreciate with the inflation rate in this country, i really need advise since i have many ideas butno definite plans on which to pursue and when..

Oga abouzaid, you look familiar o. Where do you reside in Niger state.

Are you are lecturer at federal University of technology Minna?
Suleja is a place to invest because of the shear population and growing middle class.

Drbarmes:
Can u imagine! And u call yourself an engineer. How do u compute dead loads on a slab without partitions?. The only load on a beam is that of a slab. Pls go n learn more.

Mr builder take a deep breath and go through what you just post. I nearly missed this, it is very dangerous to act like you know something you lack complete knowledge of.

I will summary load estimation carried by a beam in a simple one storey building in Nigeria with the following sketches.

Sketch 1.
An assumed floor plan of a simple three panel slab building with dimensions of 6m x 4m each.
At this point I will assume that you have a good idea of slab design.

Sketch 2
Show section x - x taking across the three slab, showing a middle beam on a suspended reinforced concrete slab carrying a uniformly a wall it's self weight, adjoining slab loads and wall load.

Sketch 3.
Showing an enlarged call out showing the section of middle tee flanged beam (I assume you know what a tee beam is)

Sketch 4
Showing all the three ways load can be transmitted to floor beams.

gotformation:
Stage 2: excavation work
Before we go into excavation, I will like to explain our foundation type for this building. We are going to be using pad footings to carry all the structural columns what strip footings carrying the foundation wall and ground floor walls.

The size of the footings are as follows
Pad type one = 1200mm x 1200mm
Pad type two = 1500 x 1500mm
Pad type three = 1800 x 1200mm
Thickness of pad = 350mm

Pad reinforcement : using Y12 mm bar spaced @200mm center to center


Can you explain why you chose this type of foundation?

it depends on the bearing capacity of the soil....now you situation of shallow foundation like the one in the pics so a strip foundation is allowed,this act as a long strip that supports the weight of an entire wall. These are used where the building loads are carried by entire walls.
deep foundation:like pile foundation,When there is a layer of weak soil at the surface. This layer cannot support the weight of the building, so the loads of the building have to bypass this layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger soil or rock that is below the weak layer.When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high rise structure

You are right sir.

In building construction we have two major type of foundation base on depth, such as deep foundation and shallow foundation.

A shallow foundation is a foundation whose depth is smaller than the width. Example of such foundation includes the following
1. Strip footing
2. Wide strip footing
3. Isolated pad footings
4. Combine pad footings
5. Continuous pad footings
6. Cantilever pad footings
7. Mat or Raft foundation.

Dear foundation are those foundation whose depth are considebly higher than the width and these foundations are used when the soil property that can sufficiently carry the building are located deal down at a greater distance from the natural ground level.
Example of deep foundation include.
Pier and beam foundation
Pile foundation

For this project, the design engineer employ a combination of isolated pad footings, combine pad footings and a strip footing.

The isolated pad footings were used to carry point load coming from the column.

The combine footings were used to carry point load coming from two columns that are two close to each other, where individual isolated pad will overlap.

The strip footing was used to carry the foundation wall despite the fact that the walls are load bearer, we still need a foundation to carry them.

I will show some sketch for better understanding.

Drbarmes:
As an engineer u conduct a soil test b4 u make the foundation, but its unfortunate u engineers have overlooked that important satge of construction. Note that soil test gives u an idea on the foundation type.

Thank you sir for input. We are merely interpreting what the designing engineer has done. The architectural a d structural design were carried out by different consultancy film. All the above mentioned factors were considered by the designer before the final structural member drawings and working drawings were made.

Thank you sir

Drbarmes:
Bros as a civil engineer u are supposed to be supervising building construction. Leave that to a builder cos he has a better knowledge of cost management than u. The introduction of plinth beam for a uniform soil like urs is a waste of resources. Plinth beams are mostly used where u have a soil with even bearing capacity to tie the foundation columns and distribute the loads round the foundation.

Mr builder I am not stopping you from supervising building project. Your claim of better understanding of cost is funny and laughable.

You don't understand plinth beam, you have little to nothing idea about structural design. Come back again with more detail

abouzaid:
engineer Abdul wasiu, I'm seeing you and i know that this material is commonly used in some parts of Niger state so please kindly offer your opinion if you can.

k

Eng abouzaid, we do use this material for concrete batching expecially for bungalows foundation and lintel in suleja and it gives certifactory results.

But it is not really desirable for concrete where higher strength is required because of it dust content.

That coarse aggregates is called all in one aggregates and can only be use for bungalow where high strength is not desired.

I will take a better look at it and get back with useful solutions

sexyboocalher:
Oga Abdul, i don't just know how God created u?
With engineers like u, we all must start a project no matter how small!......u make me feel cool whenever u analyse...
May Almighty God add more to ur wisdom!
1) do u think i can get d soil test done for 40k
2) can d 3 dimensional detailed drawing go for 100k?.....I will keep d house posted!

Actually, I don't do soil test, so I don't know if you can get it done for that price.

For the design, it can be done, you can contact offline for more information.

sexyboocalher:
Oga Abdul, may almighty God never leave u!
1) I hear soil test is expensive don't know how it is....
If I now use big money for soil test, don't u think my budget will shrink?
2)how much do u think i will b charged for a detailed architectural drawing?
3( yes sir, my budget is very tight but i won't comprise on quality...
May u never lack insha Allah..

I don't think that will be too expensive. For a bungalow, it should be within 60 to 100k.

A detailed architectural design together with a three dimensional drawings should cost you around N120k

With what you have on ground as materials, I think your building will go far.

I don't want to you to be discouraged by some negative comments here.

sexyboocalher:
.........



Oga Abdul, it's a 3bedroom bungalow, all ensuite..he thing is, I do not want anyone to cheat me that's d reason i rely so much on u people....

You are on the right track ma.

Three bedroom flat don't really required too much structural work but in your own case, the building will be sitting on supposedly poor soil which make it a little bit complicated.

I suppose your budget is tight and you want to oversee the construction yourself as a project manager, I think that will help you safe cost and also help you ensure quality job is done.

I will give you the following advice to start with.
1. Carry out a detailed soil investigation to ascertain the nature of the soil. Though your building is not that large structural but the nature of the soil demand you understand the soil property so that the best type of foundation can be proposed to you.
People run away from soil test because of preconceived notion of cost but soil test help you design the most economical type of foundation.

2. Discuss your brief, send your survey plan to architect to design your building base on your budget.

3. Get a good builder(not necessarily an engineer) and discuss your design with him, discuss your budget with, your payment plan, discuss how your want to procure your materials.

From there you can start

EgunMogaji:
An impeccable answer.

Thank you Sir.

Thank you sir... People like you are giving us more strength to work harder sir.

sexyboocalher:
Hajj mufutau, Egunmogaji, brabus, iherooke, and others please help me!

You are welcome ma... I am really happy that you are investing your hard earned money on building a place for your family in this present hard economic climate.

I will like to be know the type of house you will like to build. If you are planning to build a Bungalow, you can managed it yourself with a good builder/engineer/architect help you build the house to your taste.

I like the way you came out open minded seeking for and I know this is the right medium for you to get all the help you need to build your house.