₦airaland Forum

0monnak0da:
Israel is God almighty first born?
Are black folk not in trouble?

The level of the delusion of Africans toward middle eastern religion is astonishing

Ebenezar2020:
the thing is Buhari might speak and take action for all of us by standing with Iran to fight against US.
Remember the Israel and Palestine saga on Jerusalem how Buhari represented us and voted in for Palestine instead of Israel

Be rest assured he wouldn't do that. Iran is a Persian Shia Muslim much different from the Arab Sunnis of the Golf.

Filling and compaction of foundation.
The foundation was filled and properly compacted.
Filling and compaction

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3M82a7nMqU

A hard core layer of 300mm was placed on top of the fill.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHazyBjm-cs

mufutau55:
Both your physical and theorical detail explanations surely set you apart. Keep it up jare.

Hajji M.

Thank you sir.

More foundation wall pictures

Sub-structure wall ( foundation wall): The walls are made from sancrete block of dimension 450x225x225mm, the walls are bond together with a mortar of sand and cement. These foundation walls are filled with weak concrete to make it rigid and also to prevent dampness and moisture rising through

Concreting:

This is a very important part of foundation work that most contractors always neglect. Problem of concreting includes and not limited to poor quality control, lack proper of proper mix design specify by the design engineer and general poor workmanship.

From experience most contractors always neglect the structural specification of the mix design and thickness of pad base. For example, a pad footing with the following specification of 1:2:4 (M20) which translate into 1 part of cement (1 bag) to 4 headpan of sand ( 100kg) to 7 head pan of gravel (200kg) normally end up to having much lower quantity of cement.

Quality control which has to do with what method of concrete batching, control of quantity of water and proper gradation of the aggregates may suffer if unqualified personnel carried out the work. For example, having higher volume of water than the specify cement-water ratio may end render the concrete much weaker than the design strength even when the quantity of cement is adequate

From the picture above, it can be observed that the anchorage length of the foundation column of 300mm was adequate to help transfer the load from the superstructures to the footing safely. It should also be noted that the footing anchorage was also adequate to control share along the boundary of the pad footing.


The pad footing was reinforced with 12mm high yield bar spaced at 200mm center/center.
The foundation column has 4Y 16mm and 10mm link spaced at 200mm center/center

Special care was given to the pad footing (isolated foundation footing) since it will carry all the load coming from the first floor.

Many Nigeria Builder's made the mistake of using very small pad base without any structural justification. The right thing to do is to properly carryout a detail structural designs that will give an adequate size (Length x breath) and depth. From experience it has been established that a pad footing shouldn't be less than 900mm x 900m and 300mm thick.

For this particular project, a pad footing of 1200 x 1200mm x 350mm thick was found to be adequate to carry the foundation, sitting on a soil with assumed bearing capacity of 120kN/m2

Setting out and excavation: The setting out was done by the estate to established the necessary setbacks while excavation was done by us.
It took 1 week to carryout the excavation work

The site was very rocking, it took careful planning and experience to properly bring out the foundation footings

Here is a detailed report of the construction of a five bedroom duplex at Gwarinpa, FCT Abuja.
The report will include all the detailed construction work from setting out to completion stage.

Sprumbaba:
As For me:

ROTECH: Ratings - 9

He did some supplies for me. Quick response and good customer service.


AVENTURE - Ratings - 9

A very reliable engineer that knows his job. Very detailed. One of the people that will carry client along if there is a need to make a decision which needs attention unlike some that will do as they please at your back.

Dominion Pop - Ratings - 7 - Not bad. The guy can ghost you. Abandoned some of my work. He is definitely good.

Topsy - Ratings - 6 - Not bad too. He can improve on finishing. I like my installations to align properly.

HSL Broker - Ratings - 0 . Just Run. Short man devil, hitler sibling. So many frauds committed on Nairaland.

Wow

MuyiwaBauntiz:
To construct this type of building on a 60" x 120" plain land will cost approx how much today please?

Send me your mail

diordaves:
This is good to know. So what are the parameters or intervening variables one would need to calculate settlement outcomes?

A detailed soil test with at least one borehole point of not less than 30m deep, soil samples taking from this borehole is then taken to the lab to estimate the cohesion and angle of friction for each soil strata (layers). Together with the structural design, the settlement can then easily be estimated.

If I walked into your office with my structural drawings and location, can you then calculate the degree of settlement?

Yes, sir. Provided you also have a detailed soil test.

When I read your response, with this knowledge, I went through my various structural drawing plans but no where is the rate of settlement included in the drawings.

[font=Lucida Sans Unicode]It was not included due to the fact that settlement was not assumed to be of critical design criteria. This is true for most shallow pad footings resting on relatively coarse soil with little clay content and load but for a massive shallow foundation like a raft footing where the settlement of the settlement is as important as the bearing shear such calculations are actually included.

I would think, this information should be included in the structural drawings that would go through certification.

It is not compulsory for most certification needed for most building approval sir

We have seen beautifully executed building suffering untoward settlement over time which tells me corners have been cut. This information tell me, untoward settlement can be avoided with due diligence.

1. You will need to have a detailed soil test with at least one borehole test of not less than 30m, soil samples taking from this borehole test is then taken to the lab to estimate the cohesion and angle of friction for each soil strata (layers). Together with the structural design, the settlement can then be easily estimated.

diordaves:
This is good to know. So what are the parameters or intervening variables one would need to calculate settlement outcomes?

If I walked into your office with my structural drawings and location, can you then calculate the degree of settlement?

When I read your response, with this knowledge, I went through my various structural drawing plans but no where is the rate of settlement included in the drawings.

I would think, this information should be included in the structural drawings that would go through certification.

We have seen beautifully executed building suffering untoward settlement over time which tells me corners have been cut. This information tell me, untoward settlement can be avoided with due diligence.

It can be avoided if the appropriate design considerations are assumed and adequately check against during the foundation design stage. All building settled but there is a limit to which such settlement impaired on plumbing, electrical, or other functionality( serviceability problem) or totally unfit to use ( Ultimate limit state). I always check against settlement for all the isolated pad footing of a foundation over expansive clay to know the differential settlement of the pad ( uniform settlement is more desirable than a differential settlement for pad footing). For a raft footing, it is compulsory to check settlement for the foundation.

1. You will need to have a detailed soil test with at least one borehole test of not less than 30m, soil samples taking from this borehole test is then taken to the lab to estimate the cohesion and angle of friction for each soil strata (layers). Together with your structural design you can then es

diordaves:
All buildings settle but there is no academic time sequence a building settles. The rate of settlement is directly proportional to the soil relative to the foundation, live and dead load of the structure.

However, a building that shows signs of continued settling from two years of completion is a sign of problem. Buildings settle but you hardly notice. If you notice, there may be some problem.

Do you have settling concern of your building?

The rate and amount of settlement can be estimated to high degree of accuracy through different theory of settlement such as Terzaghi's theory of consolidation settlement. settlement can be immediate, primary or secondary.

InvertedHammer:
/
What is this goat bleating about?

Alright Einstein.

Argue with yourself.
/

You are too stupid and arrogant to deserve a respond

MobilityExpress:
The frequent building collapses in Lagos is because the building blocks industry is unregulated. Every Tom Dick and Harry is making blocks however they want, nobody is regulating or monitoring what they mix and in what proportion they mix to mould blocks, which are being sold to builders. Some of these block makers cut costs or use wrong cement or contaminated sand (too many impurities that reduce quality of adhesion) or mould substandard blocks and that's why you're having building collapses all over. The LASG should as a matter of urgency implement regulations and monitoring to all block moulders, so as to have uniformity of quality. Many building blocks being sold today are substandard. Under 2 months, you can already see cracks in the surfaces of buildings. That's why building collapses are now frequent.

Building blocks doesn't play a part here because when you are building more than a bungalow you are expected to build a frame structure. Frame in the sense that the blocks don't carry any structural loads but serve as partitions just to divide the space into rooms and functionality.

In a frame structure, the sequence of load distribution follows this pattern, from roof and floor slabs to the beams, from beams to the columns (pillars) and from upper floor columns to the one below, to the foundation footings and finally to the soil beneath the foundation.

The so called sancrete blocks only add to the dead load of the structures and in some cases a lighter partition like wood, polystyrene is used for the internal walls rather than sancrete blocks.

Building fail in Nigeria due poor structural designs, quality control ( site supervision, proper batching of concrete, proper placement, proper use of construction materials etc) and also due to lack or corrupt quality control agencies.

InvertedHammer:
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It might not necessarily be substandard materials.
Concrete has a curing time of at least 2 weeks. Lagos hasn't had recorded sunshine for months now. Yet they will start piling up loads on the decking. The result will be the collapse under pressure.

There is a huge difference between construction during dry and rainy season.

/

Must you guys comment?

Concrete gain more strength during wet season through a phenomenon known as curing ( especially wet curing ). When you placed a concrete you keep on providing moisture at the surface of the concrete for 28days, during this period the concrete gain strength by a process known as hydration.

When you build during dry season, you will have to provide this moisture in the form of regular wetting of the slab constantly 24hours for 28days to get the desired result.

Midas01:
I really liked you all these years and thought you were sane but that is thrown out the window now.

No one insulted your country before you brought your insensitivity into the topic. Go back and read the OP and see if SA and SAns were denigrated or insulted in any way. Infact, it was Nigerians in SA that was addressed as being greedy and seeking bribes. That was the position of this thread before you jumped in with your crass insensitivity.

You're a patriot but now when it involves taking back your country from the people who killed and oppressed your ancestors. Whites control 85% of your economy despite being only about 10%(or so) but you think Nigerians are your problem.

Laughing in the spirit of Ubuntu.

Our biggest problem in this part O the world is being too friendly with people we shouldn't necessarily be friendly to. I don't care if the white take over everything in South Africa because the majority of them are animal in human skin

Gentlewarrior1:
Sometimes i don't blame them
I blame us for not stepping up and holding our leaders accountable

On normal playing field the average south African can't withstand an average Nigerian in virtually all ramifications probably except in aspects like stupidity,laziness, incest and rape


We are superior to those slaves in every single way. Their single saving grace is their white masters.

Well we blqcks especially Nigerians need to step up we should be pace setters for the black race. By now we should have been highly advanced. Too many greatly Nigerians all over the world making giant strives


South africa is never our competition. Probably white south africans. But those zulu and Xhosa jungle savages hell nah

It is not really only about Nigeria leader, it is my complex than we taught.

South Africa had a really big start, it was very rich for centuries before Nigeria came into existence, it had tonnes of coal, gold, iron etc as far back as in the 1810s and they also have the organisation skills of the white settlers to have a better headstart, coupled with more favourable weather, bigger landmass and a relatively smaller population.

No one is making an excuse for our leaders but we Nigeria needs to have a really good look at the mirror, do we really need to go to a fail state like South Africa to make a living? What is driving us nuts, what are we chasing everywhere?

I don't really blame all these braindead South Africans coming here to gloat because we have disgraced ourself as result greed and a knack for quick money.

Arysexy:
These has nothing to do with East. Why narrow these Nigerian problems to east?

As a matter of fact, Easterners have Majority medium high rise building than most region in Nigeria due to land limitations and we hardly hear of building collapse in the East.

Go to Onitsha and see arrays of 4 storey building, how often do u hear of building collapse in the East?

The points u listed above are peculiar problems to building industry in Nigeria not just East

Because I am a coren registered engineer that has worked in the east and other geopolitical zones in Nigeria.

These problem are widespread but it is more pronounced in the east. Due to the fact that easterners build taller buildings than others and without the soil and raw materials like clean granite like westerners or northerners.

I have done jobs in onitsha and I can tell you from a structural engineering perspective that most of the medium high rise building are poorly built, they are like death trap, if such building were to be in Abuja or Lagos they will be mark for demolition

Sunofgod:
All valid points especially point 4. Even those to interpret the results of such geological tests are lacking!

With the current changes in climate it's become even more critical.

Climate change contributes to Subsidence and erosion,

The most important problem construction in the east is proper structural designs, civil engineer materials like granite/gravel, construction techniques and poor quality control on the job.

For example, here in the north, you can easily get your granite from the quarry at a very affordable rate but in the east, you will have to go to abakalili (in Abia state), the cost of such granite makes home owner and builders to use very poorly graded alternatives that has too much clay. These alternatives will weaken your concrete and leads to very poor concrete that may not be able to carry the load intended by the designing engineers.

Secondly, most of the building are built without a proper structural design done by a qualified engineers, these buildings are built based on the experience of the builder of smaller structures, that is why most of the building collapsing here are three floors and above.

Osobi32:
some engineers need to go back to school. Knowing u did not lay a good foundation with a solid German floor or piling why use a tiled roofing sheet

It is a myth that stone coated roofing sheets are heavy. The weight of a stone coated roofing sheet is smaller relative to that of the timber truss on which it is placed.

Majority of the building weight is from the suspended floors and partition walls you placed on them.
Any building, more than one suspended floor need to be built based on a detailed analysis and design carried out an engineer and supervised by a reputable engineer.

Sunofgod:
Poor foundations, weak walls coupled with the weight of the roof.

Expect to see more buildings with tiled roofs collapsing!

Our construction techniques and methodology need to be updated in line with the materials we currently use.

If the building had a zinc roof it wouldn't have collapsed.

The problem with construction work in the east is as follows
1. Poor sources of materials for structural works, especially gravel/granite and clay free sand

2. Lack or very poor structural designs when building house of more than one suspended floors

3. Poor construction techniques when building medium rise building ( houses with more than two suspended floors). This is one of the major problem plaqueing construction works in the east, artisans parading themselves as engineers build houses without adequate frames

4. Lack of adequate geo technical test to determine the soil properties such bearing capacity and settlement rate.

5.finally, lack of adequate supervision by qualified professionals.

I have done some jobs in the east and I can tell you that structural work are neglected in other to safe cost or in some cases due to ignorance

ekiti

raybaba97:
Have you heard akoko dialects before?

if you have, I want you to tell me if you can understand a lick of what they're saying.

honestly.

Oga stops lying, I am from akoko, we have a dialet that is among the family Yoruba east linguist group. Oyo dialect is the general dialect that the Yorubas have adopted, that doesn't mean that akokos are not Yoruba.

As an Ikare man, I can here ijesa, Ekiti, kabas, and other eastern Yoruba dialect without any problem

funmijoyb:
Go and read each history of d akoko towns then you will know most of d Akokos migrated from benin

Akokos are from ife, we are Yorubas. I am from Ikare akoko and I I know my history very well, we have nothing in common with benis and edo people

raybaba97:
That is not quite right, I happen to be from the state.

While we can and do claim to be Yoruba, we're more of a grey area.

Ondo and Ekiti are the two southwest states that have more than 40% non-oduduwa groups.

I have sometimes told people not to call Mr Yoruba when I feel like laying claim to either my ijaw or my unique Apoi heritage.

Ekiti and Ondo's state have 40% none oduduwa group?
What are you smoking bro?

Ekiti has close to zero none Yoruba group while Ondo has some Ijaw immigrants along its shore, I will be surprised if all none Yorubas in these two states is up to 5%

raybaba97:
ours was a different case. the land was just wilderness when we migrated there and owned by nobody.

we cleared it, developed it, and had lived there for more than 10 generations before Nigeria was even conceived.
we've even been winning court cases over it.
it's our land alright.

I'm not saying we are not Yoruba, I'm saying we can only be called Yoruba by location and diffusion of culture.

we're the farthest from the Yoruba's in everything cultural and origin compared to other tribes.

Every land belongs to somebody, no land is wild and you just don't lay claim to an area just because you have been there for 150years. The Ijaws in Ondo state are none Yorubas that are immigrant, I don't have any problem with them if they assimilate into the general Yoruba family but claiming otherwise will not be tolerated by us the true son of the soil lol.

Iamgrey5:
Bro how can you be 7% to 10% when you only occupy tne the least occupied local government area in Ondo state.

You are not even the only ones in Ese Odo, there are some Ilaje amongst you.

Finally, can you mention the other tribes in Ondo state?


Please also tell me how the Deputy governor Aboola Ajayi is an Ijaw as you alleged

Don't mind that guy, I am from Ondo state an akoko indigene. The question is how can they be the fourth most influential tribe when they are not the most influential tribe in Ondo south senatorial district?

Akoko has the highest number of local government, followed by Ondo town, followed by Akure, then owo.
How can you be 10% of a state where you haven't produce any notable politician throughout its existence.

Ondo is a pure southwestern state any none Yoruba in the state is a settler. I am from Ikare in akoko northeast lga

Iamgrey5:
Mimiko is from Akure. He is not Yoruba but a very true son of Yoruba.

He is actually from ondo town, he is has Yoruba as they come. Abeg no answer that guy again

chennaija:
I'm telling you that what is happening in Ondo is like what is happening in Edo and Kwara. I 'll touch on Kwara, like Ondo like you said, Kwara is also run by Hausa-Fulani but doesn't mean that they own the state. Yoruba own Kwara but they don't run it. Likewise Ijaw owns Ondo but don't run it. Likewise too Edo with Igbo blood are the true owners of Edo but Edo with yoruba blood run it.

Which Hausa Fulani run Kwara?
"Nothing we no go hear from IPob for nairaland" to begin with, Kwara is not a 100% Yoruba state but the majority of its inhabitants are Yorubas, Yorubas are running the show in Kwara. The official language of the state is Yoruba, the major politicians are of Yoruba stock. I don't think you will be able to last a month in Ilorin the state capita if you dont know how to speak Yoruba

Trust me, Ondo is Yoruba and we are very pro Yoruba in our outlook, most of the founding member odua people Congress are from Ondo state. Gani Fawemi is from ondo, OPC leader Gani Adams is from ondo.

Odingo1:
But Ilaje people can’t hear Yoruba language or can a Yoruba man hear Ilaje language. Just like in Lagos also where Egun or Awori man have their own language which Yoruba person cannot hear.

Oga stops lying to yourself, I am from Ondo state, a Yoruba of akoko subgroup, I can hear ilaje people and they can also hear me just fine.