Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 5:42am On Sep 30, 2017 |
twinskenny: Just electrical?
No Firealarm, no CCTV? Cctv piping is included but no fire alarm. It's just on the decking though.
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Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 12:02am On Sep 30, 2017 |
twinskenny: Client...Kenny please get me a conduit pipes that doesn't break when bending... here you go sir but but price double the popular one?
Go ahead Thank you sir  Talking about fair pricing for workmanship for an electrician to lay conduit pipes on decking, what would you consider fair price? The deck is about 10m X 16m and it sits on 3 rooms, 3 bathrooms and a siting room. Just wondering what may be fair pricing for a plumber at this stage too. |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 5:32am On Sep 28, 2017 |
EgunMogaji: Can anyone guess the dimension of the footprint of this house?
Thanks. 10x6m I have no reasons for the guess oh |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 9:46pm On Sep 26, 2017 |
spyder880: I also commend him for that approach in cost determination and want to say that I used a lot of those methods in years past. He is using the method we call "daily pay/counting" method to do the calculations, I also used the space measurement approach , it's either I calculate in "partitions" or in "square metres" . Now I estimate plastering in "whole" contracting. Let me explain.
Daily pay method. This is the method of plastering where the owner or supervisor gives out the job of plastering to artisans by paying them daily, with a predetermined amount of money. The person serving the plastering guy will also be paid daily. This is the oldest method I met in the field. The older artisans were doing great works with it, until lazy people made that method inefficient. People started coming to work late, with boxes of snuff, and will take a snuff break after about every 30 minutes just to delay the work. Ditto for smoking break, breakfast and lunch breaks, even long phone call breaks. We had to change the system, if not, these men can keep working on a house for one year!
The partition/square meter counting methods.
We had to quickly change to the counting method and it solved a lot of delays in the previous method, but could be disastrous if not well monitored. You give out the work by counting partitions (every 12 feet) and agreeing a rate for the plastering. The artisan could pay his server and up the rates or you agree a rate with the helpers too. The artisans will usually go for the easy places first. The places they can do while standing on the ground. They will change the tone as soon as those soft areas finish, they will start singing another song, you have to renegotiate for the part on scaffolding, the bottom of the decking, corners and edges, parapets, dressings and designs. This could be tricky, and many artisans abandon the project at this difficult stage. We had to do something again.
The whole house contract
This method will mean you do your own due calculations, determine the number of walls, inside and outside, points to note are the tricky areas, style of designs and the expected challenges. Then you find an artisan and negotiate cost of plastering. A whole sum will be agreed to and you pay them according to what they have done. You can then easily supervise their quality and speed of work.
Let me add here that the quality of work done in Nigeria is always shambolic, not only in the plastering or building sector, a Nigerian administrator is usually a perpetual under performer, a Nigerian medical doctor will give you a terrible service if you are not a good paying client, a Nigerian motor mechanic will damage your fine car and still demand you pay him, and it goes on and on. I think it's the system, the system that makes it easy for people to manipulate the system. Our duty should be to identify those workers who have shown an interest for quality works, to retain them and pay them better as an incentive to future quality works, we also need to retrain workers and show them the latest methods of doing things better. This is a very beautiful piece and it is very helpful to have gone through the memory lane. |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 9:58pm On Sep 25, 2017 |
spyder880: Are you saying that the cost of plastering a 5 bedroom duplex is N72,000?
Wow! Lord Spyder880, while the figure may be very far from the reality, I love his approach. It dove me closer to the objective way of deriving cost. Please help suggest ways of improving on his technique. I once had a neighbor who negotiated plastering based on walls per Sq m. He had different values for outside walls of upper floors where they had to climb scaffold, he also had different unit cost for dressing of parapet etc... But seriously, I'm impressed by his approach, though the figures are quite low |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 9:45pm On Sep 25, 2017 |
kopell: My brother you're very wrong, as poor as Nigerias are in Naija easily someone can give you 10k for doing nothing. I mean doing nothing! for he or she. Here you may have to work hard for that $25, no one gives you money out here for free. So please get that impression right Many here can testify on that ok. Mind you $25 is not peanuts. Let it be very appreciated with great respect from anyone who comes to Naija from abroad and give you or anyone naira equivalent of that amount, it's not a joke to make money here no matter what one does for living. So pls get that right and clear. It might be good if you ask me where I live... I have experience of both home and "da abroad" oh. Lol. When you talk about 10k being dashable... You may not be entirely right. Ask civil servant who genuinely works to earn every penny for just 1k, then get ready to light cigarette with his red eyes �. Let us restrict our arguments to those who work to get 25 USD and 10k naira... The feeling of letting go is similar. It has been proven that simple conversion of money doesn't mean a thing but rather the purchasing power of such. Let me go lower, as a sales assistant in a shop in Nigeria, how many hours or days will it take me to earn 10k naira? As a sales assistant elsewhere, how many hours or days will it take me to earn 25 dollars? How much is my transport to work in both situations? Reflecting on these will help you see my point of view which isn't rigid, anyway. Back to personal experience, I do dash out money in the likes of 25 dollars on that side but I will think twice before dashing out 10k naira knowing fully well, the cleaner in my office earns that as monthly salary abi na wage |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 8:54pm On Sep 24, 2017 |
EgunMogaji: I prefer not to really go down this path of debate. We’ve had it before. There’s no point because they’re different landscape.
All I wish for is standard of pricing in materials and labor in Nigeria.
This is not about Nigeria versus USA. The question you should have asked is, can the $25 buy you lunch for 2 or 3 people? N9000 will probably buy lunch for a whole family for a whole week. In essence, though the $25 appears do big when converted, it is almost peanuts to the person living in the US |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 8:43pm On Sep 24, 2017 |
EgunMogaji: The building industry needs to come up with a pricing structure.
This will help greatly. Baba God bless you. I have a plumber that billed me 150K as workmanship for a job. All attempts to negotiate down were met with threats.... You walls will get soaked from leakage etc... When I travelled, my wife faced man and he ended up accepting less than 50k for the same job when she threatened to give it to another person. When I saw the difference, I just wonder, wetin be fair or average pricing for all these? |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 8:37pm On Sep 24, 2017 |
allCopacetic: Cheat Him ??  How much does your friend consider a fair cost for running the whole electrical for a three bedroom, all rooms en suite flat?
Don't be deceived, the quote and possibly the "electrician" fall short by a long mile.
Get a “REAL” professional or a seasoned technician who knows what he’s doing. Not people who tell you what you want to hear, or just give you a quote you feel is gentle on your pocket. That choice can cost you greatly in the future. If you are confident in the skill of this person, Negotiate a fair labour price and request a 'standard' bill of materials which you can buy to your taste, keeping in mind the need for quality. buy one item a year if that is what it takes to give you a sound job and peace of mind. There is no sense in rush if you are rushing in the wrong direction.
As a side note , It is not wise to put too much pressure on an artisan for a cheap job. They have mouths to feed and would sometimes be forced to do whatever it takes to keep the job, Often to your own detriment. So Strike a Balance with bargaining . I just hope your friend is not the one unknowingly forcing the electrician to give him unrealistic quantities and prices.
With the mention of stablok fuses I am sure the Distribution board is in place. Take a look at the board and make sure it’s a good one(VERY IMPORTANT). By the way, D-Boards usually come complete with the fuses/breakers so I’m guessing the guy just billed 5k to make some quick cash (unless you guys elected to buy the board without the fuses at the time, which is very unlikely) 5k cannot buy you 12 pcs of any good stablok fuse. I am sorry I am dragging us back to what we had argued exhaustively on a few months back. What does fair price mean. I wish such things can be established here from time to time to help people negotiate for workmanship for their projects. 1. What is fair price for plastering a 5 bedroom duplex? 2. What is a price for wiring a 3 bedroom flat? A 5 or 6 bedroom duplex? 3. What is a fair price for laying of plumbing pipes in a decking? Etc... Pls make una help give such averages once in a while, ẹ má bínú |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 8:26am On Sep 04, 2017 |
Timtol: This is my humble view concerning this sir. It's already done but for future's sake, it's better to use 9'' blck for external walls y all the internal walls will be 6". I hope it's helpful. We use the method in some cases for some certain clients. May I humbly ask why? This is science and possibly less of art, so it may be nice to know the reason. Thank you sir. |
Fashion › Re: 9 ways I Prevented My Ankara Clothes From Fading Quickly by alstacs(m): 2:17am On Aug 30, 2017 |
samally: Ankara is not cheap superwax,hollandis and co cost nothing less than 35K above for 5yard is that what you guys called cheap? thank you! |
Fashion › Re: 9 ways I Prevented My Ankara Clothes From Fading Quickly by alstacs(m): 2:15am On Aug 30, 2017 |
9jvirgin: Ankara is relatively cheap, why do you have to go through all these for what you can buy anytime?
I don't get. do you have any idea how much Holland or English wax is ?or superwax? |
Agriculture › Re: My Egg Poultry Farming Experience As A New Farmer by alstacs(m): 11:54pm On Aug 28, 2017 |
supersystemsng: As an entrepreneur that has started many stuffs here and there, whose last business crashed a while back, i can say don't fall for the negativities....do your research work and shoot...playing risk isn't cool...go for it... I love this... He who observes the weather will never plant |
Agriculture › Re: My Egg Poultry Farming Experience As A New Farmer by alstacs(m): 11:53pm On Aug 28, 2017 |
supersystemsng: You think i didn't drop any advice because you didnt read patiently Sir...
I have written books and won't sell them...
I said over capitalization will force funds into experimentation rather than spend them on other outlets that would impact the business significantly..
My advice to every person going into business is the same, whatever amount you wish to invest, save half, invest just half... and you actually assume he doesn't have 20 mil and only invested 7.5mil out of it? |
Agriculture › Re: My Egg Poultry Farming Experience As A New Farmer by alstacs(m): 11:51pm On Aug 28, 2017 |
lucrownt: I'm impressed to see this on Nairaland, by the way you ought to have diversified your investment. God forbid bad thing, we are all aware that chickens are prone to several illnesses particularly flu. Did you know that with that 7.5m you can earn a Geometric Progression pattern income.. Let's say you invested 2m in poultry, 2m in cash crop farming, 2m in stocks/shares or treasury bills and 1.5m in fishing, then you have portfolio of investments in which a low risk in one investment will cover for the higher risk in another.. Though the higher the risk the higher the return.. God bless your hustle sir the assumptions of most people here are that , 1. He invested all he had on this. 2. All he had was the 7.5mil and he's probably broke now and miserable. 3. He doesn't have other investments like the TBILLS, cash crops etc. The issues here are , we need to know that for a man to invest close to 10 mil on this kind of business, he knows what he's doing. when we advise him to go into cash crop farming, where will he get the land from? does he know anything about it? sorry those points of mine are simplistic but I'm only trying to let us know the man knows what he's doing and we should enourage and learn from him. |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 9:02pm On Aug 16, 2017 |
bixton: It's all about weight and nothing more. Having the same price has nothing to do with it. We may only argue if the price difference is insignificant at all depending on the quantity involved.
These are the various prices in my location a couple of days back when I purchased. 16mm-------3500 12mm-------1900 10mm-------1250 8mm---------1050
Do the calculations as against the quantity per ton and see which favours which and who it favours. Like saying which one weighs higher? A kilogram of cotton wool or a kilogram of gold? Lol |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 3:36pm On Aug 16, 2017 |
Timtol: Someone said I can post link but don't kw if u all will allow without any scrutinizing words. Sir,all bonds or sharing of link? I see u oga,well done. I wish to kw u better. Pls,all the pple I have been doing wrong by seemly spamming them which was never my intension, am sorry. All correction noted.
Good morning. This too much talk around this issue, if I were you, I will present something educative on 3 D design instead.... People will learn to trust you and your competence thst way. This thread thrives on the good will of people who are willing to impact positively on the local community here without thoughts of primary economic gains. Look at @spyder880 for example amongst many other eminents ... Using his projects as example He says what does, how does it, how much he does it, maybe how much it costs him etc... People ask genuine questions and they get helpful answers on his projects and their personal projects.... What is/are the secondary gains? 1. They have built a good reputation. 2. They will obviously enjoy the goodwill of the thread 3. They may have increased patronage. All these are achieved without a single word of advertisement. It is all interactive and about helping people. |
Education › Re: Applications For 2017/2018 Chevening Scholarships Are Now Open!!! by alstacs(m): 6:37am On Aug 14, 2017 |
kellysam: Like seriously, I need this but the criteria to enable one get it isn't funny at all. Anyone with link on how I can write the English test and obtain the certificate? https://www.ielts.org |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 7:57am On Aug 06, 2017 |
spyder880: Rather than talk politics on this thread, let us talk about the politics of building materials pricing. Did you all notice that building materials manufacturers has formed a strong cartel and are milking us all to death since the last 2 years? It started with Dangote, Lafarge, Bua and Ibeto agreeing to unify their prices so none of them can reduce to create a competition that will benefit the masses and hurt their bottom line.
Now, rod makers have been alleged to meet and fix selling prices so as to benefit them, that is the reason for the recent increases across board in costs from all rods manufacturers in the last 2 weeks. What is the minister for science and industry doing to alleviate the pains of the masses, do e just fold our hands and watch instead of finding solutions to this high prices? Reading through news items yesterday, cement manufacturers in Nigeria not only made but actually declared huge profits despite all other sectors of the economy in real recession and nursing wounds of loses. This has a lot to tell on the unified monopoly of these groups. Knowing fully well that Nigerians have no other option, like the banks they decided to unify their sapping of our drained fluids. It is well. Is there a way forward? |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 6:44am On May 24, 2017 |
twinskenny: The second link is superb.. 1080p with 2 terybyte But wish the tvl is up to 1000.. Nonetheless its okay E seun bàbá mi. God bless. |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 2:16pm On May 23, 2017 |
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Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 1:21pm On May 21, 2017*. Modified: 6:40am On May 24, 2017 |
BankeSmalls: No need to blame anybody highing their price. Better soup na money kill am. If you don't have money to build, use your money and buy a jeep 
Stop looking for somebody that will work free for you and end up being accused of stealing and other things. No be by force to buuld
"Always pay the full price" Robert Green, 48 laws of power. Seriously, it is not about looking for free job, we all want to pay and want to pay well for a good job. At the same time it is not about not appreciating good job either. Of course I never intend to give my work to a charlatan. So people should not say cos they are delivering good job, their charges should be higher unreasonably. Every single person that professes to be a professional should deliver the basic quality at least or he may end up exposing himself to a legal action. Going for the lowest bidder seems the most reasonable thing to do in sane environments where one is sure minimum standards are adhered to. We also do appreciate the operational environment, material differences and the hardship that comes with some projects. What I don't understand is same project, same hardship, same environment, my A charges 1 million Naira and Mr B charges 2 million Naira. That is 200% of Mr A fees! How do you justify that? That his own perceived operation hardship and environment are different? Or that he is more professional than the average professional that he is worth 200% of their charges? This notwithstanding, I appreciate that higher charges comes with brands and names, however, this is still within a reasonable frame or range. An example is a simple 2 room BQ on a very dry land that I wanted a simple foundation for and an Engineer told me 200k for his supervision. In fact he told me 300k initially. This was his supervision fees only, I would buy my materials, pay all the workers on site and deed all the workers. This was long before naira lost its value oh. I was perplexed knowing fully well he was to handled the main building the filling year. When I complained he was complaining of professionalism, shoddy jobs that others will do for me. I supervised my thing a beg.... BQ, 2 rooms! We spent about the 200k to build the BQ up with supervision by a professional as well. If I had gone by the highly professional man, I would have spent twice that amount. Why? I don't want to mention how much he charged me for supervising the Foundation for the duplex. Of course he didn't get the job. An equally professional and certified engineer got the job and his supervision fees were less than 20% of the first highly professional man. Now I know people will attack me here saying, different projects come with different challenges. But I respect folks here who have set standards and have been open in average costs. @Spyder, Twinskenny, Hajj Muftau etc.. List is endless here, sorry if I couldn't mention your name .. These men created a standard and make us have an idea of what what should be negotiated around average cost of services and goods. They have worked in different terrains and have shown variations that are reasonable with different work environments. These men are respected! Now if things will change and charges or costs will be higher than usual, the onus is on the contractor or the engineer to give reasons why he should bill higher by giving reasons.... lack of water, transport, security, accommodation for men etc. Any sensible client will understand that he may need to pay a certain percentage higher than the "prevailing rates" for these special circumstances. Many others throw the professional card at you and drop a subtle threat at you thereby creating fear.. Without telling you why their charges is about 200% higher than another person. I will leave us with the story of the second Abuja runways project they was revoked or not approved. The projected cost could build a new airport with a runway included. Why did we all complain about it then? Why did we all say the project wasn't fair and we all shouted corruption. It is because we had a sense of a standard at the back of our minds against which we measured the contract rates. Why didn't we rationalise that the bidders or those who won the contract were going to do a more professional job than those who charged or billed normally. The intention of this debate is not to say all charges must be the same, or that all contracts must be billed under the same conditions. It is about being able to rationally and humbly explain why the rate for a particular project should be unreasonably higher than the norm or standard for such projects. Modified |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 11:41am On May 21, 2017 |
twinskenny: if you are in Nigeria go for hikvision or realtime... i believe u want to be able to view via mobile and laptop. go for AHD/OR HD With cloud functions please buy the one with house old name not the one that will be difficult to configure for remote view.
when it come to cabling. go with siamese cable (power & video) all in one make sure its pure corper.
lastly make sure you purchase central power its preferred above adaptors (this prevent your cameras against surge)
good luck Thanks a lot bro, and ever. You are an asset to this group |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 7:00pm On May 20, 2017 |
Hello house, I am wondering what I should consider in the technicalities before delving into CCTV purchase. what specifications should I think about? All I know now is I need between 8 to 12 channels. I would like to buy the unit myself, could you please guide on configurations or specifications of CCTV units that should guide my choice. |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 8:13am On May 16, 2017 |
rotecch77: Chairman Spider as said it all, the only area i see again is the cost of plywood and time to construct the formwork is a bit more costly and take more time to do than that of flat design,furthermore it take much time and a little difficult for mason to plaster the curve design. I am grateful, boss |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 7:07am On May 16, 2017 |
spyder880: Its only a matter of choice, the two designs has almost same method of construction except that plywood is used to bring out the curves while straight wood is used to bring out the extended flap design, or even the stepped design.
As long as they are all concrete cast, cost cannot vary much, but it tends to get costlier depending on the size of projection it has from the wall. The longer it extends from the wall, the costlier it becomes. Thank you very much, my Oga at the top |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 6:18am On May 16, 2017 |
My dear great people in the house. I asked a question about parapet almost a month ago but did not get responses to it. Please help, I will repost the question below. ****** Hello house. I'm just wondering what the differences are between a curved parapet and the flat one. I would like to know these in terms of ease of construction, workmanship, materials, strength, durability and aesthetics. I got two pix for each. One was from a thread here on nairaland. Thank you. https://www.nairaland.com/1111260/parapet-roofing-support-building-ebonyi/5@ Spyder880 rotecch77 mufutau55
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Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 5:56am On May 16, 2017 |
topsy23: The man in question should focus on quality job so far the guy that will handle the plaster job is a professional. I have been to so many sites that I have to tell the clients to allow the contractor to finish the job or we start from the beginning. I have met so many clients that want to pay little amount for a complete electrical installation for 6bedrrom flat in which I decline cos there is no way I can cope with it couple with the cost of transportation and daily feeding for my workers. He later called me for the corrections of shoddy job done. He later paid more to get what he want. Quality matter most My observations in this discussion is simple. There must be a standard. Irrespective of quality of job promised or done, there must be a standard. There must be a range of fees to be charged from the very cheap to the normal rates to the very expensive ones. Although there may be outliers, the price range can and should serve as a guide. Fees cannot and shouldn't just be left at the mercy of the worker. So what is the standard of plastering interior wall? Or exterior wall ground floor, exterior wall upper floors etc? There is and should be an amount per surface area that could be used as reference or pivot for negotiation instead of the arbitrariness I noticed here. Imagine how it feels if we say there is no reference cost for moulding of 9 inches blocks for instance. Even workmanship fixing of tiles on the floor gets billed per square metre etc.. Now imagine, what we are indirectly implying from the present discussion is that we may not even hold government accountable if they claim they are trying to build a block of classrooms for example. How would we know they inflated the price if there is no reference range for plastering for instance? . I am a novice in this business, Pls anyone with professional experience may guide us. |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 10:56am On Apr 27, 2017 |
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Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 10:24am On Apr 27, 2017 |
earthrealm: has any one tried digging the soakaway first and using it to store water?....does it make sense?..is there a way to put temp linning/water proofing to make it not to leak?.....just thinking of the hassles of finding wia to store the geepee tank everynight after work. sumo n gen cud b put inside car I have done that in the past and it really helped. I was building in a remote place and I couldn't afford to sink a borehole yet. I constructed a soak away pit and it took about 10,000 litres of water . I did not add any waterproof anything oh. It was just plastered It was very convenient cos I just got a tanker once in a while to fill it up rather than buying into smaller tanks. Rain water also gets collected into it and i did not have to buy water all the time. In my hood, if you like paint your tank or engrave it, they will still steal it when they want. |
Properties › Re: Estimated Cost Of Building Ground Floor Of A Story Building. by alstacs(m): 12:17am On Feb 13, 2017 |
delawal: don't mind some of these wannabes. they hype prices of things without knowing they re discouraging people. let me tell u if u judiciously manage d project it won't take u more than 2.5m. monitor the people dt buy ur materials . most times they deceive their clients wit outrageous prices. I have seen one . a site engineer who over hypes d costs of materials and steals some till we caught him.we realised he has been duping us Believe me, the 2.5mil cannot do the decking! How much is Iron now? Foundation nko? Block work? Lintel? Plastering? Windows, burglar proof? |
Properties › Re: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by alstacs(m): 10:19pm On Feb 11, 2017 |
EgunMogaji: 1) No single level of protection will ever be as effective as multi level. Even then it's still attempt at frustrating the casual thief.
2) What was done to this window canalso he done to an embedded one. I chose non embedded because I can do a more ornate design versus the kirikiri ish embedded look.
3) Tall fence (my preference) with razor wire on top. Mai guard. "Trained" security dogs. Not family pet. Sensored and protected entry points with cameras in strategic points.
Now relax, sit back and hope your number is not up with a determined crew. The isha wewes will leave you be. Baba, I feel you oh. Apart from the options we have too, we often forget there is delicate balance between security and safety. The more we secure ourselves from outside invasion or intrusion, the more unsafe we become in case of emergency. It is like deliberately creating a kirikiri for ourselves. I just wonder why Nigeria is the way it is! Ki Olorun maa so wa |