₦airaland Forum

veggieman2be:
Yes Padma F1 and Platinum F1 (I planted it last year during dry season the yield is amazing imagine having like 80 - 120 fruit on a stand) from East West are high yielding variety but I don't know much about Gahmar from Thai Agro that their marketer have told me about.
It was Platinum F1 I used to open this thread.
I will post the pix if I have the time

what was your fertilizer program like? Did you use fertigation?

As if he did all these with his personal money

moscobabs:
Lagos is a country on its own .

Eko the heritage of the Yorubas

Thanks to the fact that it was the capital for a long time and the oil money of the south south. that laid a solid foundation

Why can't they stop illegal bunkering and stealing of our crude oil? It shows there is security officials conspiracy.

NaijaRoyalty:
Over 7 million people registered for PVC in Lagos

2.1 million are Igbos living in Lagos

1.2million are Hausa and Fulani living in Lagos

1.1 million are Edo, Calabar, Akwa ibom and Benue People living in Lagos

And they will all vote for Peter Obi

Large percentage of Yoruba Lagos indigines will also vote for Labour Party Peter Obi and it's a wrap

Nigeria will be great again, Insha Allah

obviously an Igbo person posted this

blueAgent:
You dey mind the fools, dumb stupid Apc supporters.

honestly

Cognitivereason:
put your proof and figure here in USD and the amount OBJ earned in USD

statisence did the conversion. If I can lay hold on it, will post it.

Cognitivereason:
The report failed to include the fact that..OBJ, yar Adua and GEJ combined never withnessed a global pandemic that distruped global economies, Russia Ukraine war that sent diesel prices to quadruple also...the rapid Oil shock in 2014 moving into 2016...and it rapid gain in 2022..which means that subsidies had to almost double..including shortages as well..

they also didnt include the sharp oil production decline has ordered by OPEC when oiled dropped in 2014 as well as the ones stolen by theives..

many of these incident are well beyond the control of any president...The country had to feel the impact..ghana that was praised for having a better economy is literally on it knees as it inflation is above 30%..imagine transport cost over there especially when they dont pay oil subsidies..the harsh and current economic crises has literally destroyed a few country's economy..Sri Lanka is an example..


mention one country today that had a stable economy not moved by anything after facing the 2014 oil slumps, the woos of covid 19 plus lockdowns, russia ukriane war, gas prices sky rocketing etc

I am not saying the reports are fake..but let the reportings in balanced

according statisence on Twitter, as at December last year PMB's government had earned more than what Obj earned in 8 years,minus the $26b borrowed in external debts, ₦19Tb(almost $50b) from CBN and other local loans, bonds, pension funds etc.

tony0806:
*MODIFIED*

2,000,000 monthly

As at 2019, Nigeria had about 11,877 professors (though this include both those on private and public higher institutions).

That means; monthly, the government will pay 2,000,000 x 11,877 = 23,754,000,000. That's over twenty three billion naira monthly.

As at today, Nigeria produces about 1.2m BPD of crude oil (Our main source of income, excluding mineral resources from the north which I don't know why they don't mention it. Only God knows where that money is going to). Using the official exchange rate of about 414 naira/dollar,
If 1 barrel is about 93 dollars, this becomes 1,200,000 x 93$ = 111,600,000 per day



that's a total income of 111,600,000 x 414 = 46,202,400,000 (Nigeria's income from crude oil).

THEN; 46,202,400,000 x 30 days = 1,386,072,000,000. This is over 1.3 Trillion naira monthly.

Boy o boy, This country is making money.

SUMMARILY, THE GOVERNMENT CAN PAY ASUU COMFORTABLY.

You are very wrong. Oil companies take at least 40% of the revenue as their part. With what is left the FG takes 52%.Do the calculation, don't forget the government has debts to pay and other government workers to pay.

Nothing like rapture, no Christian going anywhere.

EmmanuelEvicted:
Northern states are nothing but leeches

But they are doing better than Eastern states and seem to be more viable.I pity those hoping for Biafra.

NGpatriot:
lmao....Listen to this joker..


Okonjo wiped out our debt, but she got us in so much debt that they had no money left that she was borrowing to pay salary.

Do you people even read your silly lies and ignorant rubbish before posting?

My friend I am talking about foreign debts,not local debts.How much has Buhari borrowed?how much has he printed?. When 95% of our revenue is going for paying debts,how is the government funding recurrent expenditure?Not to talk of capital expenditure.Under GEJ,we never spent more than 60% of revenue settling debts.

LordviccoDaGuru:
Gbam!!!

I have said this before and am still saying it... It's the damages PDP put Nigeria �� through that's bringing about loan. Buhari is not responsible for any loan he has been borrowing, if I am Buhari I will keep borrowing after all it was the past govt that caused it.

If we can't borrow then how can we stabilizer the economy after 16 locust useless years of the PDP?

The good president Buhari has done for Nigeria �� in future time to come we will still be enjoying it... I advise Buhari to come back again in 2023 he alone knows the key. Buhari till 2031 after 2031 Buhari will hand over to Yusuf Buhari.

With due respect,you are very ignorant.You are listening to politicians,go to the DMO website and see the facts.The area we are having problems is with our external debt.We know Obj wiped out almost everything.Yaradua left $2b when he died.Gej borrowed $5b and left a total of $7b.Now our existing debts are about $30b,though the DMO has refused to update since March for obvious reasons.This region has printed more money than any government through ways and means.Out of ₦15T printed by previous and present admins,this regime printed ₦13.5b,google it.Serap has made many requests for details to no avail.The PMB has been the most reckless when it comes to borrowing.The printing of naira is the reason naira is losing value.

aminulive:
POLITICSNIGERIA.COM



https://politicsnigeria.com/northerners-are-not-parasites-we-discovered-oil-ncm-leader-aliyu/

"WR6_gUnUj-ztiW07KQcOCnTel9A"/>
Notes From Atlanta

HOME POLITICS OF GRAMMAR COLUMN ABOUT ME CONTACT ME ABOUT THIS BLOG MY SCHOLARLY WORKS AWARDS AND HONORS STUDY IN AMERICA
Saturday, August 5, 2017
Ango Abdullahi, Northern Nigerian Colonial Economy and Niger Delta Oil
By Farooq A. Kperogi, Ph.D.
Twitter: @farooqkperogi

In my May 6, 2017 column titled “Top 8 Popular National Lies that Won’t Die in Nigeria,” I called attention to out-and-out historical lies that vast swathes of Nigerians treasure and reproduce intergenerationally, and that are, I said, almost “impossible to uproot.”

One of such lies, I pointed out, is the idea, popular among northern Nigerians, that the Northern Region’s resources financed oil exploration in the Niger Delta. I wrote: “Professor Ango Abdullahi actually repeated this lie recently. He said this, ironically, while exhorting Emir Sanusi II to ‘go and read history.’ The truth is that not a dime of northern Nigeria’s money contributed to oil exploration in the Niger Delta.


“When oil was discovered in commercial quantities in Oloibiri in 1956, Shell bore the financial burden for the exploration. Other Euro-American oil companies later joined in oil exploration. It wasn’t until 1973 that the Nigerian federal government acquired 30 percent shares in oil companies. By 1973, Northern Nigeria had ceased to exist….

“In any case, colonial records show that the biggest motivation for amalgamating northern and southern Nigeria was because northern Nigeria wasn’t financially self-sustaining and the British Imperial Government said it would never subsidize colonial administration anywhere in Africa. So Lord Lugard amalgamated the two regions and used the surplus from the south to sustain the north. It’s illogical to say that a region that wasn’t financially self-sustaining financed oil exploration in the Niger Delta.”

Of the eight historical lies I pointed out, this was the stickiest among historically challenged northerners. I use the term “historically challenged” advisedly because several northern Nigerian professional historians called or emailed me to confirm that what I wrote was a basic fact that every beginning undergraduate in Nigerian economic history knows. They wondered why someone of the stature of Professor Ango Abdullahi would ridicule himself by repeating discredited and falsifiable lies. I told one of them to write a guest column to educate our people on the economic history of the region. “I am not as brave as you are,” he said. But when did educating people with the facts become bravery?

I am a northerner with as much stake in the region as anybody else, but I am also a truth-seeking academic who isn’t held back from telling the truth by maudlin sentimentality or fear of emotive pushback from the vulgar herd. I go where the truth leads me, even if it is to facts that cause me personal discomfort. That’s how my dad raised me, and no amount of emotional blackmail will stop that.

Several of the readers who continue to angrily react to my column say I didn’t provide any proof for my assertions. So, here we go. In an 89-page report for the British Parliament titled, “Amalgamation of Northern and Southern Nigeria, and Administration, 1912-1919,” Frederick D. Lugard clearly said two reasons informed his proposal to amalgamate the North and the South: finance and railways. On finance, he wrote:

“In 1906 a further step in amalgamation was effected in the South. Southern Nigeria and Lagos became one Administration under the title of the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. From this date the material prosperity of the South increase with astonishing rapidity. The liquor duties—increased from 3s. in 1901 to 3s. 6d. in 1905—stood at 5s. 6d. a gallon in 1912, and afforded an ever-increasing revenue, without any diminution in the quantity imported. They yielded a sum of £1,138,000 in 1913.

“The North, largely dependent on the annual grant from the Imperial Government, was barely able to balance its budget with the most parsimonious economy, and was starved of the necessary staff, and unable to find funds to house its officers properly. Its energies were concentrated upon the development of the Native Administration and the revenue resulting from direct taxation. Its distance from the coast (250 miles) rendered the expansion of trade difficult. Thus the anomaly was presented of a country with an aggregate revenue practically equal to its needs, but divided into two by an arbitrary line of latitude. One portion was dependent on a grant paid by the British taxpayer, which in the year before Amalgamation stood at £136,000, and had averaged £314,500 for the 11 years ending March, 1912” (p. 7; view the PDF of the entire report here).

Again, a 1935 report by colonial government statistician S.M. Jacob, titled The Taxation and Economics of Nigeria, gives a vivid account of the immense disparities in the revenues between the North and the South. It shows, for instance, that one of the reasons the North was financially disadvantaged was that agricultural produce from the region had less economic value in the international market than agricultural produce from the South.

There is also a 202-page record of the correspondence between colonial administrators in Nigeria and their home government in Britain on the necessity of amalgamating the North and the South. Copious references were made to the North’s economic disadvantage and to the economic lifeline the region needed from the South to survive. The record of the correspondence, which took place between May 15, 1913 and January 27, 1914, is held in the British National Archives, and can be accessed with the following reference number: CO 879/113/3.

But two things need to be made clear. First, the North’s economic disadvantage relative to the South wasn’t a consequence of the South’s superior work ethic—or the North’s laziness. It was because, being close to the coast, the South had (still has) ports, which brought foreign goods that attracted hefty tax revenue. It was, in fact, Lagos that almost singlehandedly gave the South its economic advantage. Lagos still accounts for more than half of Nigeria’s IGR.

Second, it also so happened that the cash crops that the colonialists introduced to the South—cocoa, palm oil, kernels, rubber—had more economic value in the international market than Northern Nigeria’s cash crops such as groundnuts and cotton. In terms of quantity, the North produced substantially more agricultural produce than the South but, by a twist of circumstances, the North’s crops didn’t have as much economic value as the South’s.

This isn’t something to be proud or ashamed of. We are talking here of naked colonial exploitation of our people for the benefit of Britain. It means, in effect, that the colonial conquerors exploited the South more thoroughly than they did the North. That’s neither a cause for pride nor a reason to be ashamed. In my undergraduate days, I recall getting a kick out of Lord Salisbury’s angry description of my part of northern Nigeria, that is, Borgu, as "a malarious African desert…not worth a war." As a starry-eyed Marxist then, I took delight in the knowledge that imperialists didn’t find my place worthy of economic exploitation.

Anyway, if the North wasn’t economically self-sustaining, how could it possibly finance oil exploration in the Niger Delta? That’s a wild leap of logic. Plus, it’s a well-known fact that it was Shell, not the Nigerian government, that bore full financial responsibility for oil exploration in the Niger Delta.

As George G. Frynas points out in his Oil in Nigeria: Conflict and Litigation between Oil Companies and Village Communities, Shell spent more than 6 million pounds of its own money between 1937 and 1953 before striking oil in Akata, near Eket, in non-commercial quantities. After spending some more millions, it found oil in commercial quantities in Oloibiri in 1956. Neither the Nigerian government nor the northern Nigerian government made any financial contribution to Shell’s exploration activities.


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Labels: amalgamation of Nigeria, Ango Abdullahi, Daily Trust on Saturday, Farooq Kperogi, Lord Lugard, Niger Delta, Northern Nigeria, oil exploration, Southern Nigeria
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Farooq Kperogi, Ph.D, is a Professor of Journalism and Emerging Media, journalist, newspaper columnist, author, and blogger based in Greater Atlanta, USA. He received his Ph.D. in communication from Georgia State University's Department of Communication where he taught journalism for 5 years and won the top Ph.D. student prize called the "Outstanding Academic Achievement in Graduate Studies Award." He earned his Master of Science degree in communication (with a minor in English) from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette and won the Outstanding Master's Student in Communication Award. He earned his B.A. in Mass Communication (with minors in English and Political Science) from Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, where he won the Nigerian Television Authority Prize for the Best Graduating Student. He writes a weekly column for the Nigerian Tribune and the Peoples Gazette. His research has won top awards. Read more about him here: https://www.farooqkperogi.com/p/about-me.html
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Farooq Kperogi, Ph.D..

It was obvious all along.

aspabay:
If you are deaf, at least you cannot be blind

It is not insult matter,please name completed projects by this government,not ongoing.The Abuja-Kaduna railway was GeJs,the airports terminal buildings were GEJs own.He only one near completion is Lagos-Ibadan railway.Probably the ongoing ones will be commissioned by the next government which will take the glory.

aspabay:
Gej award this gej awards that. Aren't you guy ashamed? How many did he complete from Obasanjo and Yar'adua.
It only take a man with vision to initiate and complete projects. Not that Utuoke drunkard.

So which one has your bokoharist done?

aspabay:
Sincerely President Buhari is doing well in building infrastructures and completing all abandoned projects.

God Bless President Buhari
God bless Nigeria

Nigeria shall prevail

GEJ awarded this contract,not PMB,it is a Chinese loan,GEJ paid 10% counterpart funding.Leave PMB out of it.It is the same with all the airports renovated and the Abuja-Kaduna railway.

40 days,will be following

Seedforthagro1:
Mr Lekan is a seasoned vegetable farmer. His farm is located in the South west (Ogun state). He cultivates tomato, cucumber and other vegetable crops.

Sometime last year, he grew Gamhar RZ F1 on his open field during the heavy rainfall to test its yield and resistance. Without using pesticides and fertilizers, he had an amazing yield���!! The fruits were big in size�. Compared to local varieties, the shelf life of the fruits were impressive (2 weeks).
This made him pay in advance, requesting a reservation of Gamhar seeds to grow on his 5 acres land the following planting season peradventure the seeds gets out of stock due to high demand nationwide.

Ain't you tired of being a spectator? Why not partake in this great feast �. This is Gamhar RZ F1 season. Hurry and place your order NOW!!!
Call 09024561835 to get more information and place your order

Are the seeds available and how much is 1000 seeds?

Osagyefo98:
If that is the case it means that things are now getting cheaper..

This issue of onions and Tomatoes is what I don't understand..

Are these the only commodity in the market?

At this period tomatoes is cheap,from ending of April the price will go up again.

I doubt this figure is genuine,this does not represent IGR as we know it.

sodiqapril:
What's with Nigerians and defending wicked leaders, ten years from now,you'll people will describe buhari as a legend and of the best things that happened to Nigeria. Under Gowon's command, a Red Cross plane carrying powdered milk & dry fish for starving children was shot down in 1969.

He perpetrated a blockade that condemned over a million Igbo children to death by starvation & you put "decency" in the same sentence with him?
This crude & blatant revisionism of history has to stop biko

Gowon is a war criminal, he didn't stop at victory, he sought humiliation, he had no rules of engagement, he was an extremely cruel man. No sugarcoating it.

Secession may be a crime but the punishment is not genocide

They are not talking about Biafra here and what he did or did not do.

rummmy:
do you mean south east zone or the people of south east...?this are two different concept but 2023 will give you the correct answer.....

south east zone.

rummmy:
Umahi defecting to APC pain wike..... his PDP vice presidency dream have been neutralized..
before 2023 pdp will be struggling to control a state in South East.... Wike have destroyed pdp.
Research shows that 70% of igbos have crossed to apc (in heart) with umahi
The only party and governor that kills his own people.
He is been perceived as igbo hater currently.
Come 2023 pdp will not get up to 100 Votes in South East unless they zone the ticket to South east..... we have paid our dues and deserved to be honored.....
Meanwhile, wike remains a political mugu,the party should expell him before it will be too late.

What is the electoral value of the SE?

jethro2:
The tomato peak season is fast approaching
How prepared are you?

when is tomato peak season?

Useless man,after abandoning Erica's mom,even up till this moment.

Seedworld:
*INTRODUCING BUSH MANGO( OGBONO ) FARMING*

The scientific name is irvingia gabonensis, English name is African mango, wild mango or bush mango. Ogbono grows naturally in the wild and the fruits fall on their own when they mature.

The fruits are then allowed to decay or eaten for the seeds that are broken for the nut.
There are different varieties of ogbono in Nigeria; the slippery and the non slippery types.

Ogbono farming is mostly done in African countries such as Congo, Angola, Cote d’ voire, Cameroun, Ghana, Togo, Benin republic and Uganda.

In Nigeria it is cultivated in orchards by few states; Edo, Ebonyi, Cross River and Benue. Ogbono plants are mostly grown for their nuts, the fruit is like mango, oval in shape and can be eaten same way..

Their juice is used in the production of jams, wine, jelly, etc. Ogbono is used for soup . This a kind of soup that is so loved by many, it has great taste and amazing flavour.
That’s one of the reasons ogbono demand is always on the increase.

*CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS FOR GROWING OGBONO*

Ogbono tree can grow up to about 40m in height with a temperature between 20-37°C; annual rainfall is between 120-150cm. They are planted in deep soil and also a seasonal crop.

*OGBONO CULTIVATION RATE IN NIGERIA*

Studies shows that it is only aged persons that are into ogbono farming
Only very little has been done to increase their cultivation in Nigeria.


There is still a wide gap between supply and demand of ogbonor in Nigeria and beyond. The ogbono seeds we have in Nigeria is not enough to go round mainly because of population increase.

Entrepreneurs and investors are forced to go to other African countries in other to meet up with the high demands.This is why we need more people to venture into ogbonor farming in Nigeria.


*OTHER HEALTH BENEFITS OF OGBONO APART FROM SOUP INGREDIENT*

Aside the weight reduction advantages of its consumption, as well as its age-long dietary aid for humans, there are many other health benefits derivable from consuming the African mango.

* African mango is rich in potassium and pectin. Pectin is a fibre you need to reduce your cholesterol level inside your blood vein.


* Consuming African mango can be one of the best treatments to prevent kidney stones according to some research works.


* The bark of the African mango tree can be decocted and used for treating dysentery and diarrhea.


* The fruits and seeds can serve as fodders fed to farmland livestock such as goat, sheep, cow, cattle, etc.


*Antioxidants are important in fighting free radicals. Irvingia gabonensis (ogbono) African Mango is a potent source of antioxidants.


* African Mango appears to reduce blood sugar levels, as well as having a beneficial effect on insulin resistance and glycemic index control in obese diabetic patients.


* African mango surprisingly has almost same proportion of potassium and Vitamin K to optimal potassium absorption into the blood and cells.


* By consuming African mango at least three times a week, you can say good bye to constipation forever.


* African mango has numerous amount of Vitamin E which stimulates the body to produce sexual hormones to raise your sexual desire.


* Methanolic extract of the African Mango can be used for treating bacterial and fungal infections.


* Ogbono works much better to strengthen your memory and concentration because it has an important protein; glutamine acid.



*AGRONOMY PRACTICES FOR OGBONO CULTIVATION*

1. LAND PREPARATION :

The importance of land preparation cannot be over emphasized in farming because of its benefits.Land preparation for planting of ogbonor is done between November and March .

Acquire a land in a farm area. The operations involves : Clearing ,felling of unwanted trees ,cross cutting ,packing and burning . Mechanical operations can also be deployed using tractors and harrow.

Make the land ready for planting by clearing the debris. Ogbono is best planted in a sandy loam soil that is rich in organic matter. They are planted in deep soil of about 150cm, with acidic PH of 4.5-7.0.So confirm your soil pH by carrying out a soil test .

2. PLANTING / PROPAGATION.

Ogbono can be propagated through seeds and grafting, marcoting, cutting, air layering and budding. But propagation through seed is difficult and may likely fail except you are well experienced or have a technical know how on how to go about it.That is why we recommend seedlings.

*PLANTING SPACING*

The spacing of 7m x 7m is recommended for Ogbono planting .This gives a population of about 200 stands per hectare.After making out ,dig planting holes of 60cm x 60cm x 45cm .

*HOW AND WHEN TO TRANSPLANT OGBONO SEEDLINGS*

Transplanting of ogbono seedlings is done in the early part of the raining season as soon as the rains stabilize that is between May to June .

Fill the holes with well decomposed organic manure or farm yard manure and top soil two weeks before transplanting of seedlings .

Pls note, do not put inorganic or chemical fertilizers like NPK or UREA in planting holes at transplanting of seedlings. This may be harmful to the young seedlings.

Seedlings should be transplanted with the ball of earth (Sand) around the roots of the plant in the nursery nylon.If budded seedlings are planted,regularly check and prune off all side shoots especially under the budded root stock.


3. FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

Fertilizer application starts one year after field establishment. If the planting holes were well prepared ( with decomposed organic manure and top soil) no chemical fertilizer is required in the first year of establishment.

1 to 4yrs after planting if the soil is fairly rich ,an application of 0.25kg (250grams) per tree stand or NPK (15:15:15, 20:10:10 ) or any other compound fertilizer having NPK can be applied.

Fertilizer application should be done during the raining season. If the soil is poor ,the dosage could increase to 0.5kg (500grams) per tree stand.The plant are ring weeded before broadcasting the fertilizer around each tree stand once a year.

4. TOPPING IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

Topping is a management practice whereby all the growing shoots of the plant are shaped by clipping (Pruning or Training) . This is a Taming process .

*ADVANTAGES OF TOPPING IN OGBONO CULTIVATION*

(a) It gives the trees desired shape instead of conical shape that the tree is naturally prone to.

(b) It exposes more leaves to sunlight thereby enhancing photosynthesis and facilitating more fruits formation.

(c) It encourages early flowering.

(d) It controls the height of the plant.

*WHEN TO DO OR START TOPPING*

Between the second and third year ,and towards the end of the rains ,do the first (Prunning) .This is achieved by cutting back all the growing shoots .Repeat this yearly for the next 3 to 4 years.

5. IRRIGATION IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

Seedlings transplanted in May/June or June / July depending on location ,may be adversely affected by the following dry season (Nov to March ) especially if the dry season comes early and extends to March and April of the following year.

During this time it is recommended to provide alternative irrigation system such as drip irrigation or sprinklers and mulch round each tree stand with grasses and supply at least 20 to 25litres of water per tree per week.This will enhance survival rate and early productivity .

6. REPLACEMENT OF DEAD PLANTS WITH NEW OGBONO SEEDLINGS :

Plants or seedlings that fail to survive should be replaced the next rainy season.This practice should continue until all the missing tree stands are filled up.Before replanting the dead plants ,the planting holes should be properly checked to find out the cause of the death.

If the death is caused by disease or pest ,adequate measures should be taken to clean up the planting site and planting materials before and after replanting.

7. WEED CONTROL IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

In the first 2yrs of field establishment ,it is recommended to ring weed 1meter from the base of the plants.This can be done consistently as they grow on. Chemical weed control can also be done with proper caution.You can contact SEEDWORLD LTD for the applicable chemical recommendation.

8. INTER CHOPPING OGBONO :

Within the first 5yrs of field life and until the tree's start creating canopy ,food crops such as Yam ,Cassava,Ginger,Cocoyam and vegetables can be planted within the ogbono tree stands.

Spreading or crawling crops especially sweet potato is highly recommended as intercrop for ogbono ,because apart from.the edible sweet potato roots,the sweet potato will also serve as a cover to check erosion and to control weed growth.

After canopy is formed in a few years ,only cocoyam,yam and potatoes can be intercropped because they are shade tolerant crops.

8. DISEASES AND PEST IN OGBONO CULTIVATION.

*DISEASES* Most of the diseases associated with ogbono in the nursery or field includes;

(a) *Damping off* : Ogbono is susceptible to damping off disease caused by two fungi - (Pythium Spp and Phytophtora Spp). The seedlings remain susceptible till the cotyledons drop 3 - 4 weeks after planting.

*Control* Avoid waterlogging conditions in the field or nursery.You can also use copper based fungicides such as (Red force) for treatment.For chemical recommendations you can contact SEEDWORLD LTD.

(b) Leaf Spot : There are two types of leaf spot namely ;
(i) Clorotic to necrotic spots caused by two fungi - Rhizoctonia Spp and Collectrotirichum Spp.

(ii) Reddish Purple spots caused by Rhizoctonia Spp .These are controlled as stated above for damping off.


*PESTS*

The pest that affect ogbono includes the following.

(a) Insect Pest : Young seedlings are attacked by grasscutters,Caterpillars, Scale insects etc.Leaf miners and fruit borers occasionally attack mature plants .These insects are controlled by spraying monthly with a broad spectrum insecticide .You can contact SEEDWORLD LTD for recommended brands of insecticide.

For other pest we would state them below because of time.You can contact us for possible control measures.

(b) Rodents.
(c) Epiphytes (A parasite)

*Other natural destroyers of Ogbono plantation include* ;

(d) Fire

(e) Weed .


9. HARVESTING OF OGBONO .

Local Ogbono that grows in the wild from seed could take 10yrs to maturity.Improve Ogbono varieties take a shorter period of 4 to 5yrs .

Fresh ogbono comes into market between June and August and is most scarce between March and April. The two varieties of Ogbono have different flowering / fruiting cycles as stated below .

(a) *VARIETY* : Gabonensis

*FLOWERING TIME* : Nov to March and June .

*FRUITING* : April to July and Sept to Oct.

(b) *VARIETY* : Excelsa


*FLOWERING TIME* Sept to Oct.

*FRUITING* December to March.

When fruits mature they fall to the ground and are collected for processing .Mature fruits can equally be plucked manually or mechanically.

Picking of ripe fruits is an organized annual event in areas where ogbono grow in the wild on commercial lands .

*YIELD POTENTIAL*

An average kernel yield of 25kg per stand of Ogbono is considered good.Kernel yield could be up to 30 to 35kg per plant in good years and could be as low as 20kg per stand in bad fruiting years.

*Interested in improved Ogbono seedlings or further enquiry do contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 WhatsApp
Email : seedworldlimited@gmail.com

Westworld you sell Ogbono seeds?

Why did they not use this for the 2019 elections?

Nadaken:
In 2014 ameachi wasn't even allowed to enter ekiti.

Another governor isn't suppose to be in Edo now when the atmosphere is tense, you aren't voting and the media can monitor the election itself

But Ganduje and Uzodinma can be there?

Intendy:
staking net available @#4,000 for 100m length by 2m high

What is your contact and location?

Artiiclebeast:
The evil bloodsuckers swallow the money.

Why OPEC no ask for our account numbers? At least each citizen for get at least $1k to do whatever dem like with am.

Na God go punish all the demons setting our country back or stagnant.

At least 40% or 55% of it went to oil companies and of the balance Fg gets 52%,states 25% and local governments 20%.At the end what came to the FG was not more than $60b which came to an average of $12b a year.