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The definition of Maintenance is a combination of action carried out to restore in any equipment, to its normal working condition. There are two set of maintenance which is –Proactive and Reactive Maintenance. (1.)-On the one hand is –the Predictive Maintenance and Preventive Maintenance which are the proactive maintenance (2.) Then the Corrective Maintenance is a reactive Maintenance.
Therefore, the four Maintenance strategies are;-
(1) Preventive Maintenance – The type of Maintenance carried out regularly before any major break down to restore any equipment back to its normal working condition. It is the type of maintenance that is regularly performed on a piece of equipment or machine to lessen the likelihood of it failing.
Service is an act of repairing, replacing or correcting faulty part of a vehicle or machine. Servicing is all about vehicle and machine and when you are to service your vehicle or a machine you need to check first that, the problem of the vehicle or machine is known. After all has been observed and noted, changes commences which may include change of engine oil, replacement of brake pad, oil filter, fuel filter, brake lining and other parts checked. Therefore, Preventive maintenance improves the overall performance and safety.
Also vehicle servicing is done periodically but never the less, daily checking or inspection is necessary.
(2.) Predictive Maintenance-carried out before it is actually necessary after a careful examination or inspection of any equipment.-(through diagnostic method). This may be expensive, but it is worth checking out.
(3) Corrective Maintenance- the type of maintenance carried out after the break down of any equipment called -rectro-active strategy system of maintenance. is applied to situations where an obvious break, failure, or flaw has occurred. These maintenance concerns can be easily identified from the outset. Breaks failures for instance, may arise as a result of insufficient preventative maintenance just like other components.
(4) Reliability-Centre-Maintenance –the type of maintenance that involved the improvement programme in the cost –effective and technically feasible approach. It also comes to utilize a systematic structured approach based on the consequences of any failure.
THE FOUR (4)-LIKELY CONSEQUENCES OF POOR MAINTENANCE.
(1) –Reduced production Capacity.-This is when the Assets tend to perform under-expected target of which the consequence is down-time.
(2.)- Increase Production cost- This is when the real cost and opportunity cost increases due to asset not performing in its optimal level.
(3)- Low quality Product & services- This is when we have customer dissatisfaction that could result to lost of sales and costumers in the process.
(4)- Safety Hazard- that implies failure leading to injuries and finance and even lost of life in the process.
SOME WAYS TO OVERCOME THESE PROBLEMS
These problems can be partially overcome through Schedule inspections and monitoring programmes to assist in optimizing the planned maintenance intervals.
Through a structure like method called –Checklist- which is consistent with information about the actual condition of the equipment known.
A designed out maintenance method to eliminate high cost due to poor engineering design and maintenance practices or operation of a system outside its design-specification.
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The obedience to the Word is the power of family or community strength of love which is the basis of a happy culture and independent people. It is the manifestation of individual dignity with a strong supportive family or community structure less vulnerable and less dependent on outside resources and interference. It is a structure less easily controlled and less tempted by any promise of power and material indulgence, but more connected to another and God. It also endow with a compelling necessity as it prevail with a strong and intimate equal partnership, based on mutual respect and enduring love. The enduring love that goes a long way to sustaining individual member family or community during any challenge similar to that of love of a mother/ father relationship.
The choice of our life style may vary in terms of intimate partnership, which has nothing to do with God, except in our quality of love we share and compassion, kindness, and forgiveness within the family or community structure with others in our interactions. It is this quality in our relationship that inspires individuals to feel the Glory and presence of God, through which love strives. In any created power structure which becomes an institution of authority over individual, love do not strives because it carries the right and responsibility to interpret or misinterpret virtually everything.
But love can only expand within any family/ community structure through the heart and mind to bring joy to all who experience it. Because God is love as the only prime creator which is the only enduring love, individually and in togetherness, except those under the influence of dark-energies or forces, are interested in talking about and thinking about suffering and punishment as they envision sin, instead of love which is God. It must be made clear that oppression bread anger as it create conflict between and among people. But we must be confident, not to be under the yoke of economic, religions and political slavery.
On the contrary, we must strive to relief ourselves of any imposed quilt, shame and any resultant resentment through which we remain a free man/ women. And as free men/women, we can begin to experience ourselves as the kind and loving race of created being, capable with the possibility of be human. The only avenue to rest any form of divisiveness, separation and alienation to replace with the spirit of generosity, acceptance, friendship and service to others and to our planet -mother Earth. It true, that the path way is love through which every one may discover that “you are God, Light and Love”. The awareness and recognition that we are created in the image and likeness of God demonstrate the pathway of Love which is God.
What is expected of everyone is obedience to the word of Love which is -God, of which the definition of obedience carries with it the very idea of -subservience to others. The same is true; because human beings are intelligent, capable of independent thought and action with immerse possibility to face up with any challenges. This condition offer a special challenge, of which without the knowledge of what is past and future, of what may exist outside the earthly existence, we are bound and require to find our highest level of functioning of which we are just capable. In the process, we may discover the connections in our heart, which is innate in our make up with our creator, and as a process, through trials and error experience of which we discover our inner guidance which connect us to God. It is also true that we are bound by our contract with God as our creator, as we live in freedom without interference and allowed to work through the lesson of our life time of which history cannot be ignored. The history of a life time is not without experience of lesson of consequence of our actions that are often time outrageous and extreme through distraction instead of reflection. Although murder may come to be understood as self-defense, and may come to be forgiven, but when the connections to the heart are completely lost, it gets connected with the dark-energy by choice and preference, but not without the possibility of a return to the fold. The possibility of return is always there through introspection, closely related to human self -reflection or examination of conscience of which human being is endowed, unlike the animals.
And in this, the human life becomes valuable as the Great Plan of Soul Ascension, but not an end in itself, because there is no end in sight. In this perspective, we must encourage ourselves, not without individual effort, to alleviate the suffering on the Planet Earth, but must also be cautioned in the process not to interfere with individual contract. According .Freire, in his (Pedagogy of the oppressed) “any attempt to liberate the oppressed without their reflective participation in the act, is to treat them as object which must be saved from a burning building”.
Although, there exist a myriad of difficulties to experience along the pathway, but it remain a project seen throughout the cosmos, as highly respected endeavor. Therefore, we have no reason for any self-inflicted guilt or regret, because at any moment in time, we can always turn to the light, to achieve and partake in what, might be called the Salvific- banquet that await everyone. The same is true, that we stand to gain the necessary relief from delusion, anguish and pain as we rise to a high level of consciousness which is the goal of all soul in the cosmos.
It must be emphasized that to educate and practice freedom is not a responsibility that must be taken literarily, on the contrary, any one committed to critical understanding of freedom must be extra careful not to contribute in the act of dehumanizing. The same is true, that real freedom cannot be given but must be achieved and not without individual effort to earn it. Although authentic freedom may never be achieved, but educating for freedom becomes the only hope for any authentic change and in the empowerment of everyone in the historical process.


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Communication is defined as an activity or a process of expressing idea and feelings or of given people information. And we are senders and receivers when we communicate. Therefore, in any given task, a good communication increases involvement and motivation in such task . The same is true that effective communication becomes extremely important in the goal and objective of what is at hand to be done, for instance, of increasing involvement in the safety and health task. The most basic communication theory of talks, of about sender and receiver in the communication process, is as defined above. Although, the characteristics may be quite different. For instance, when communication take place between two individuals, two groups or two nations etc, the scope of such communications process may expand but it still boils down to basically two people talking over through various issues and channels.
CONTENT; - When communicating, we always communicate on the content and relationship level. One of the important concepts in communications is the –Two-Level Theory, which states that in any communication process or activity, messages are sent and received on two levels. The first level is called the -content-level- that described what is sent. In this level the information transferred is data, in the form of spoken words. The second level of communication tends to exist on the higher and abstract plane and come to be called the relationship level.
RELATIONSHIP;-The communication on the relationship level come to describe the communication that establishes the very relationship between the sender and the receiver. Indeed, it describes the –How- of which the message is sent that set up the relationship. In general, it is the Tone of the voice and the Body- language in combination that set the stage for such relationship.
THE NOT WHAT WE SAY BUT HOW WE SAY IT-DICTUM;- In the First Scenario- Joe was busy doing his own things. Meanwhile, Charlie was also busy losing a bolt in one of the stud. Soon he sighted Joe in the vicinity and asked him to bring 12/13 spanner. How did he said it, low tone but with body language unbalance due to his difficulty in getting the stud loosen. Joe never cares the way he said it due to the fact that he was busy at the time and he give it to him . In the Second Scenario- Joe was not busy while Charlie was very busy losing a nut from a rod. This time around, Joe was simply looking without given a helping hand. This time Joe was very far away compared with the first distance but with high tone balanced with body language, he called out to Joe for 12/13 spanner. Joe was not happy of the way he communicated his need, as a result of the distance maybe,but he never take this into consideration.-mode of communication
MODE OF COMMUNICATIONS;- In any efficient work environment, to get any given task carried out, the mode of communication matters a great deal, in particular when it has to do with safety and health. The reason may be because, majority of individual do not often take safety and health seriously, and when they do, their level of commitment is always below average in an environment of anything goes. One of the element to driving such effort and adherent to the rules and regulation could be sported within the mode of communication in general.
Overtime, researchers have it that, from one time or the other each of us, fall into one of the four categories of behavioral functions. The purpose is that we learn to adapt to any strategic communication in other to reach out to any individual effectively. It is true; that often, certain individual tends to get along better with those whose communication styles is similar to their own, while at other time, they also have hard time communicating with those whose style of communication are in direct contrast.
THE FOUR COMMUNICATION MODES ARE;- (1)-CONTROLLER. (2)-ANALYZER, (3)-SUPPORTER, (4)-PROMOTER.
CONTROLLER;-This set of individuals are doers, because they tends to lead others and becomes a driving force within any group. Such individual are characterized by emphasis on action and results. Often they tends to place high standard on themselves and others and constructively, very impatient and never get tired in doing so for what they view as a responsibility. Therefore, when working or communicating with a typical controller, one must be prepared to be tested and fast moving. The same is true that you expect some form of disagreement, and argument, and a raised voice that may challenge your thought. But note that their behavior is never an attack on your person rather on the task at hand.
ANALYZER;-This type of individual is characterized by analysis and details, a sort of systematic inquiry and may appear to be stiff or hard. Such individual tends to function in a tenacious manner, as he find satisfaction in the identification of the problem, as he weigh the options to determine the best possible solution of any given task. Analyzer is always a great value, as a logical thinker who tends to strive on the side of objectivity in any complex problem and situation. There will always be a communication barrier with such individual when you are on the side of generalizing rather than being specific.
ALL BEGINS WITH YOU;-Before pointing fingers and seeking solutions to any perceived communication challenge, self examination must be carried out. The question remains, if you are certain that the source of certain communication challenge or behavior you experienced often, actually emanated from you or the other person, hence, the critical examination of your mode of communication.
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(1)-The maintenance processes are made up of procedures that must be strictly adhere to and required to be carry out and completes at any given task. The Key–performance-indicator-known as (KPI)-of the maintenance process becomes the assurance measures of any given task. The (KPI) –key performance indicator answer the question of – (How do I know that the maintenance procedure process is being performed well)?
(2)- We are told, that the process in question are embedded in the day–to-day maintenance execution of any given task through the seven keys procedures of – (1) Reliability.-of being trusted (2) Business Focus-without distraction from work (3)-Work Identification-to know what to do at the right time (4)-Work Planning- to plan your work (5) Work Scheduling- to plan the list of the work to be done and when to do it (6) Work Execution-of carrying out the work (7) Work-Follow-up and Performance. It will be observed that these processes provide a clear indication of whether each of these elements are being satisfied, if not, what action should be taken to correct the lack of maintenance adherence in general terms.
(3)-Reliability process;-This represent a collection of various task required to be supported at any maintenance function and when a step of the process is not adequately performed or skipped, there is bound to be failure. Equipment reliability process measure is a leading indicator, because it monitors any given task, as to whether they are being performed, which lead to result. For instance, any leading process indicator would monitor, if any given task is planned before doing it and doing the right thing through which the result will follow. Because it is the result measure that monitor the product of maintenance work. The same is true that the product of maintenance is Reliability-(Trusted equipment).
(4)-Work Identification; -This tends to identify the right work at the right time. In doing this, we initiate work request as the one method of identifying the work. Once the work request is written, it must be reviewed, validated and approved before it becomes actual work to be planned, and carried out or rejected promptly. Work request rely on random identification of problems or a potential problem before it is brought to the attention of maintenance to address.
(5)- Work Planning;- This has the primary function in the maintenance process to prepare the work to achieve the maximum efficiency in execution. We are told planning, often defines, how to do the work and to identifies all the required resources, and any special requirement to execute the work. A properly planned work order, must include all information. Work order can requires more time to plan but attention must be paid to late finishing of any given task. Quality work planning is one of the critical aspect of planning we are told need estimating the resources of which the quality of planning is measured by monitoring the accuracy of the estimate. It is labor and material resources intensive, of which are the dominant resources specified on any work order. It is being observed that the %-percentage of planned, scheduled and assigned work order is often delayed due to non availability of material-(spare parts) over the specified time period.

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BASICS ETHICS;-A strong work ethic is vital to a Organisation/Company achieving its goals. Every employee, from the CEO to entry-level workers, must have a good work ethic to keep the company functioning at its peak. A work ethic is a set of moral principals an employee or any one uses in his job or any where at all time. Certain factors come together to create a strong work ethic any way as can be seen as follows which are ;-
 INTEGRITY: - Integrity stretches to all aspects of an employee’s job. An employee with integrity fosters trusting relationships with clients, co-workers and supervisors. Co-workers, for instance, value the employee’s ability to give honest feedback. And Client trust the employees advice. Supervisors rely on the employees high standards, trusting him not to steal from the company and create problem. What is Integrity;-it is the quality of being honest with strong moral principle or rules of engagements without having a divided mind. Example –like a staff that works at a cash register is expected to balance the drawer and deposit the correct amount of cash at the end of the day.
 SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY: - A strong sense of responsibility affects how an employee works and the amount of work she does. When the employee feels personally responsible for his / her job performance, he / she shows up on time, puts in her best effort and completes projects to the best of her ability.
 EMPHASIS ON QUALITY: - Some employees do only the bare minimum, just enough to keep their job intact. Employees with strong work ethic care about the quality of their work. They do their best to produce great work, not merely churn out what is needed. The employees’ commitment to quality improves the company’s overall quality.
 DISCIPLINE: - It takes a certain level of commitment to finish your tasks every day. An employee with good discipline stays focused on his goals and is determined to complete his assignments. These employees show a high level of dedication to the company, always ensuring they do their part.
 SENSE OF TEAM WORK: - Most employees have to work together to meet a company’s objectives. An employee with a high sense of team work helps a team meet its goals and deliver quality work. The employees respect their peers and help where they can, making collaborations go smoother.
 Therefore, transformation requires meaningful motivation, personal commitment and self discipline. Hence, it let your connection to your heart inspires others to delve deeper to match your honesty and integrity.
WORKPLACE ETHICS;- is the application of moral principle, standard behaviour and set of values, regarding the proper conduct in the workplace. Such conduct that applies to individual and in group setting. Ethic allows you to distinguish between what is right and wrong and what is good and bad behaviour at all time.
 What is work? –It is the transfer of energy and when work is done in any object, it involves our physical and mental effort. When we talk of a Place, it is any environment we work. And what is Ethic; -It is generally accepted set of moral principle or rules that control or influence our behaviour. And ethical value is the manner we interact with one another. Ethical people take responsibility for their actions and you can depend on them.
 What is Moral; -it is concerned about our ability to distinguish with what is right and wrong, good and bad behaviour or actions. What is Value; -Value describes individuals or personal standard of what is important and valuable. And Value system, is molded by our virtue or vices. Therefore, our standard and self-discipline is based on common sense and wisdom to know what is a proper moral rule and improper that may requires a change. And how much are we willing to see that these rules and discipline are taken seriously by everyone left much to be desire.
 What is standard’- is the level of quality acceptable by individual. And what is Ethical standard; - This refers to a level of quality principle or rules, in application that encourage what is important and valuable or less valuable may also encourage the greater value of trust, fairness and responsibility.
 What are the Ethics in any workplace;-The key component to workplace ethics and behaviour is –“Integrity”, or being honest and doing the right thing at all time. Good work ethic therefore is inherent and come from within, of which humility, modesty; dedication and accountability are some of the elements that act as a strength and stability.
 In all of this, Communication is the key among management, staff and customers that foster the respect that extends to each person within the organization/ Company that promote relationship based on Integrity, Honesty and Fairness and not without Responsibility.
HONESTY; - suggests that truth is very essential and valued and that human activity is not manipulative. And that human beings are basically good and positive and strong and not deceptive in nature, except made to be so.
ATTITUDE;-IF WORK ethic is a set of values, therefore, attitude involve the right approach, and the right behaviour and respect for others.
 Basically, work ethic with this set of values tends to normalize what we do at differently at different situation and places like the offices and at workshop.
 The habit of following good work ethic comes from our mind that has to do with our morality and values system.
 Good work ethic is considered to be suitable for better position and not without responsibilities; therefore, it becomes important to be responsible, honest and dependable at all time.
 WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE DEPENDABLE? -When one is dependable, one is considered reliable and who is reliable can be trusted at all times. The same is true that one must strive to develop the quality of being responsible and accountable.
 WHAT IS TRUST; -means the hope of relying on somebody, that something is true. It is also true that trust is had to earn and even harder to get back when you lost it. Therefore, let people trust you with even small and big things at all time.
POSITIVE WORK HABIT-; is a good habit that impress the people we work with and our superiors. Our working habit can affect anyone, positively or negatively.
 POSITIVE ATTITUDE;- we is that attitude with the method we choose to do things. And maintaining a positive attitude is important to complete any task of the day. Because often, this come to affect others, when we choose to respond to any issue at any given time.
 Any form of negative attitude we choose to put up at any place go a long way to affect the following ;-( 1). It will affect the Spirit of team work. (2) It will affect our Efficiency.(3). It will affect the sense of initiative (4). It will affect the quality of work we do. (5).Finally it will affect our sense of leadership.

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UNDERSTANDING YOUR CURRENT CULTURE;-Culture is represented in any group by (1) Language ,(2) Decision making (3)Stories telling (4) Daily work practices in the group. Therefore, the visual and verbal component of any culture is noticeable every day at work and in the society at large.
This is true, such that whether you are walking through the work area, sitting in the office or attending a meeting, the culture surrounds you and permeates your working life in a group. Therefore, the manner of interaction in a meeting and the way people collaborate in a group speak volume about existing culture in any group.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR EXISTING CULTURE; - To understand the culture that exist in your group, your assessment of your culture may make you happy or may make you sad. But whatever your assessment teaches you, that is what it is. To be able to enhance, to benefit and to make a change of your culture, you simply need to see and understand your culture. But it must be observed, however, that assessing group culture is like telling someone how to tie their shoes. And once you have been doing that every day, it is hard to describe the process to another person due in part of the complexity and routine nature.
HOW TO OBSERVE THE CURRENT CULTURE; -This can be done in several way, mostly through participation in the assessment of the existing culture. This can be done through the followings;-
Ø By trying to be an impartial observer of the culture in action. By looking at the group interaction with the eyes of an outsider.
Ø By watching their emotion, that indicates their values- for instance, people who do not get excited or upset about things that are unimportant to them.
Ø By observing closely the objects and even the artifacts like the picture hanging on the wall and the arrangement of the furniture.
STEPS TO MAKE A CULTURE CHANGE;-Before any culture change can take place, you must understand the current culture or the way things really are. And once you understand the current culture, then the group must decide where it want to go and define its strategic direction. What vision it has for the future and how such culture change can support the accomplishment of that vision.
Finally, the individual in such group must decide to change their behavior as to create the desired culture, which is the hardest step in any culture change. No wonder many of the successful business organization and society would not hesitate to say it was to their unique culture that contribute to their success.

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UNDERSTANDING YOUR CURRENT CULTURE;-Culture is represented in any group by (1) Language ,(2) Decision making (3)Stories telling (4) Daily work practices in the group. Therefore, the visual and verbal component of any culture is noticeable every day at work and in the society at large.
This is true, such that whether you are walking through the work area, sitting in the office or attending a meeting, the culture surrounds you and permeates your working life in a group. Therefore, the manner of interaction in a meeting and the way people collaborate in a group speak volume about existing culture in any group.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR EXISTING CULTURE; - To understand the culture that exist in your group, your assessment of your culture may make you happy or may make you sad. But whatever your assessment teaches you, that is what it is. To be able to enhance, to benefit and to make a change of your culture, you simply need to see and understand your culture. But it must be observed, however, that assessing group culture is like telling someone how to tie their shoes. And once you have been doing that every day, it is hard to describe the process to another person due in part of the complexity and routine nature.
HOW TO OBSERVE THE CURRENT CULTURE; -This can be done in several way, mostly through participation in the assessment of the existing culture. This can be done through the followings;-
Ø By trying to be an impartial observer of the culture in action. By looking at the group interaction with the eyes of an outsider.
Ø By watching their emotion, that indicates their values- for instance, people who do not get excited or upset about things that are unimportant to them.
Ø By observing closely the objects and even the artifacts like the picture hanging on the wall and the arrangement of the furniture.
STEPS TO MAKE A CULTURE CHANGE;-Before any culture change can take place, you must understand the current culture or the way things really are. And once you understand the current culture, then the group must decide where it want to go and define its strategic direction. What vision it has for the future and how such culture change can support the accomplishment of that vision.
Finally, the individual in such group must decide to change their behavior as to create the desired culture, which is the hardest step in any culture change. No wonder many of the successful business organization and society would not hesitate to say it was to their unique culture that contribute to their success.

In the performance management is integrated the situational leadership concept and the achieve –model. In this context, there are three major steps to enhance and implement the performance management that ranges from – (1), performance planning, (2) Coaching to reinforce performance plans, (3). The development of followers, (4.) And conducting the formal performance review.2.p.394.
The management process of effectiveness is here embedded in the common problem of letting individuals know what performance problem exist in any organisation. Although it may be ineffective in helping them to know why those problem do exist. In simple terms, the ability to identify problems even though, it may be weak in the problem analysis or diagnosis .Therefore, to be most effective in evaluating and solving performance management, there is need to determine why problem have to occurred.
It was in the light of this that the Achieve –model was designed by Paul Hersey and Marshall Goldsmith to help to determine why performance problem may have occurred and develop strategies aimed to solving those problems.3..ibid. The primary goals in developing this model was to determine the key factors of influence in performance as to present them for use .The first step in this direction was to isolate the key factors that influence performance management in general.
In the same problem of performance, early, John. W. Atkinson had indicated that performance is a function of motivation and ability. The ideas that certain individual need to have some degree of wiliness to carry out a task and the skill necessary to complete the task.4-(p.390). Later, Layman Porter and Edward Lawler did expand these ideas by including what they term the role –perception or task-understanding. The reason according to them stern from the fact that an individual may have all the wiliness and skill to carry out a certain task but will not be effective without a clear understanding of what to do and how to do it.
According to Jay Lorsch and Paul Lawrence, the problem of performance was viewed from different perspective in that it has little to do with function of attributes possessed by individual, rather come to depend also on the organisation and the environment. The reason again stern from the fact that any individual can be highly motivated and have the skill needed to carry out certain task. But with such task, the individual can only be effective, if he gets the needed organisational support and adequate direction and at the same time, the task fit into the organisational environment.5. p.Ibid.
THE SITUATIONAL APPROACH;-
This is an approach that enable manager to individualize performance as indicated above through which one chooses the technique that fit into a unique situation faced by each of the followers .The situational approach focus, in particular on the observed behaviour of the individual who leads and their followers in various situation.
But this is not bone out of any hypothetical inborn or acquired ability and indeed, potential for leadership.6-(p.120). The emphasise on behaviour and environment simply allows for the possibility for any individual to be trained to adapt to a particular style of leadership behaviour to varying situations. It is also believed that any individual can always increase their effectiveness in leadership roles through education, training and development. In a nutshell, nearly all situational approach requires the leader to behave in a flexible manner. By so doing such leader will be able to diagnose the leadership style appropriate to any particular situation and indeed, be able at any given time, apply the appropriate style. Therefore, when talking in terms of leader behaviour rather than leadership trait, it is an emphasis on situational approach to leadership.-7.-Ibid.
BEHAVIOUR AND ITS UNDERSTANDING.-
The whys of behaviour according to psychologist –Kurt Lenin’s fundamental equation of human behaviour can be found in =B=f(P,S). Where B= for individual behaviour, f=function of or caused by, P=the person and S= the situation. Therefore, the equation tends to suggest that behaviour is a function of something both inside the Person and outside the person in the particular Situation.
Of cause, this “something” inside the person could be motive or needs that are reflected in individual attitudes that expose how individual feels about a particular thing. Often it comes to be represented by individual personality in his tendency to act. In the above equation it is clear that P and S or a person and situation are not independent of one and the other, on the contrary they are interdependent.
Indeed, the same is true that persons are influenced by the situation in which they find themselves, just as the situations are influenced by persons. It is an important idea in the very context of situational leadership in which the appropriate leader behaviour is determine by the particular situation.8. (p.25). In understanding behaviour one need to understand why people behave as they do. The same is true that to carry out certain task through any individual, one need to know why such individual may engage in certain characteristic behaviour. What motivates him and what produces the pattern of behaviour that are characteristic of such individual or group.
This is one of the reason that motivation and its causes becomes the areas in which most of the literature in the behavioural science tends to emphasized the more in their studies. It must be emphasized though, that there are different classifications that are useful in communicating the pattern of behaviour that may described individual and groups interactions with others. Hence, often an individual can be said to be energetic or distracted and may be task-oriented or people oriented person and a team leader. 9. (p.17). It is important to bear in mind that behaviour is basically goal –oriented, that means motivated by a desire to attain some level of specific result, although such goal may not be consciously known, hence, we often say “why did I do such”.
The reason being that often our action is not always apparent to the conscious mind. The same is true that the drive that motivate the distinctive individual behavioural pattern- called personality are to a considerable degree what might be called- subconscious and therefore, not easily inaccessible for any examination and indeed, evaluation. 10. Opcit
It was Sigmund Freud, the Psychoanalyst Author, the first to recognize the importance of subconscious motivation. According to him, not everyone is aware of everything they want; hence, often much of their behaviour is affected by subconscious motives or needs. In this perspective, he was convinced that analogy could be drawn between the motivation of most people and the structure of an iceberg.
In his view, a significant segment of human motivation appears below the surface of the conscious mind. Therefore, one usually becomes aware of small portion of one’s motivation due to the above factor. The same is true, that the basic unite of human behavior is an activity, hence, all human behaviour is a series of activities. Therefore, it will not be wrong to say that human being have been condemn to be doing something, for to sleep, to talk and work at any given time. Therefore to predict behavior, one must know what motivation or need evoke certain action any given time. 11. P.26.
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WHAT IS CULTURE;- Culture is the work environment any employee is supplied, the moment he is in workplace . Therefore employees are motivated and most satisfied, when their needs and value are consistent with the workplace culture. It is often one of the reasons, why before any employees are hired, his values and needs must be attempted to determine to fit into the existing workplace culture.

Although, culture is difficult to define, generally, one must know when an employee appears to fit into the existing workplace culture. The same is true that culture is the environment in which employee work all the time. Culture is a powerful element, because it tends to shape the work environment, work relationship, and the very work process in their unique manifestation. As particular cultures exist in a particular organization that has been developed overtime in their uniqueness, each new employee adds their diversity to enhance the existing workplace culture.

WHAT MAKE UP OUR CULTURE;- Culture we are told is like a personality, because in a person, the personality is made up of values, beliefs and experience, habits, upbringing that create a person’s behavior. In fact, these underlying assumptions and attitudes and behaviors often come to be shared in group. Therefore, culture is the behavior that results when a group of individual arrives at a set of unwritten and unspoken rules to working together. The same is true, that, it is the collective experiences, each of us bring to the workplace that eventually shapes our behavior.

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE; - This is made up of all of the life experiences each employee bring to the workplace. And such culture is often come to be influenced through the managerial staff, due to their role in decision making and strategic direction. Therefore, culture is represented in groups through; Languages, Decision making, Stories and Daily work practices- and in practical terms is the way we conduct ourselves in the work environment .

CULTURE=BEHAVIOR; - This simply means, culture is word use to describe behavior that represent the general operating norms in an environment like the workplace in particular. And this is the way we behave, for instance, in any type of workplace, of which is our culture (subculture). And culture is not often define as good or bad culture, hence, aspect of any workplace culture can support progress and success just as other aspect can hinder or impede any progress in any workplace culture .
Therefore, workplace culture is unique for every organization, often it is one of the hardest things to change. It is the very values and behavior that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of any workplace or society at large.

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