In spite of what l may call anormally, man has value different from animal. Unfortunately, it is all as a result of man inhumanity to man rooted in an intinct of domination.

As a student of philosophy, l could not hold back not writing about -human Person and his Dignity, putting in context, the way we come to view human beings, in this part of the world. As it were, we have "Essence and Existence" (esse) whichp are the intrinsic constitutive principles of a real being.
Indeed, Essence is basically a potential principle that come to be actualize by Existence or esse. The same is true that, it is the Essence that make a thing what it is, and it is the principle of determination and limitation.
But Essence is individuated in the reality and is universal in the mind, it is because of this that is often misunderstood with other universal concepts.Therefore, Essence come to tell us what a thing is and what it can become and what it ought to be, and it has a concrete content with natural tendencies and dynamic in principle, as principle of operation.
As principle of operation, through reason and will the spirituality of man became actualized through which he come to the realization of himself.But through the activities, reason and will, the psychological and moral personality come to take shape.
Following the philosophy of g Aristotle, in the soul of "Man" the spirit is the " substantial form" of the body which animate the body as it make it move and act. The same is true that, it is the principle of life and activity of the human being.
The soul of man, as substantial form, aside from the spiritual powers or faculties, are intrinsically dependent on matter or body, which is the sensory faculties. But all the faculties of human soul work to perfect human being as it contribute to the very development of human person.
The same is true, that because of the constitution of the human person is composed of material and spiritual, this make human person a unique entity from all other entities.
Due to this uniqueness from other entities, human being, or man is considered object because of his nature, and also subject. But as subject, he is an entity that exist and act in a unique way, which exist also as object, but objective somebody,set apart from all other entities in the world which are object only of something, according to, Karo Wojtyla, _ in his " Love and Responsibility".
The same is true that, it is not enough to define man as individual of the specie of homo, because the very term"Person" has being coined to signify that man cannot be contained only with the concept of individual, due to the very fact that, there is more to man in his uniqueness. The same is true,that there is more to man in his richness in the perfection of his being brought out by the use of the term-"Person".
The most obvious and basic of this fact, can be found in his ability to reason compared to other entities of the world .In fact, man is the only rational being differentiated from all other objective entities, in his distinctive character as a person and distinguished from the most advance animal due to his inner specific- self, characterized only of person with dignity.
Indeed, it is only man, whose cognition and desire is stamped with spiritual character, basic of a genuine inner life, due to his spiritual life as the basis of his rationality distinct from all other entities in the world.

Dear readers, for quite sometimes now, l could not write anything. However, l must thank you all for your time off to read my short articles. Today, l tried to search for the differences between "Concrete and Abstract thinking". As it were, in our every day interaction, we often come to think differently, in relation to an event and things. And in doing so, we either think concretly or in abstract manner.
Concrete thinking tends to refers to thinking in a superficial or surface manner while abstract thinking is related to an in-depth manner. For instance, a person who think in a concrete manner would come across a status and view it without reading any meaning to it and just see for what it is. On the other hand an abstract thinking individual would see it in a figurative manner, reading multiple meaning to it.
Concrete thinker, often look forward to facts, while abstract thinkers look forward to an in-depth or below facts. The same is true, that while mental processing is involved in abstract thinking, but no such effort is required in concrete thinking.
The Concrete thinkers do not think beyond facts because they often lack the ability to think beyond certain limit. The same is true, concrete thinkers tends to generalized concept for things. The abstract thinking individual, on the other hand, often have a specific concept for things and tends to have an understanding of multiple meanings. Therefor, it is clear, that while abstract thinkers are involved with metal processing through ideas, the concrete thinkers tend to look forward to facts and to what come to be seen, without reading any meaning to it.

And this is sometimes called literal thinking, simply because it is the type of reason that focuses on the physical object, immediate to experience, if you like, in a short term instead of a long term experience.

I hope the curriculum will be well figure out before it commence. I often think what is missing in African or Nigeria politics are the basics, through which a solid idea could be derived and lay bear for open minded individuals, instead they seems to focus so much on the big picture as they forget their origins without a moment of reflection. We are so scare of our history ,our identity and indeed, without philosophy not just a raw and superficial politics that often end in content only. We need politics that add values.
God bless Nigeria.

A very belated happy birthday with long life and prosperity and best wishes. Compliment of the season.

As to what is the value of philosophy, let propose some possible answer. It will be observed that, it is a natural wonder to ask questions and children seems to be well known for this act of asking questions. Therefore, it will be right to say that children are marvelous philosophers as they are never tied to ask questions.

One might add that, we seems not to have any duty with what is natural, although, we do find it natural to philosophize. The same is true that, philosophizing seems pleasurable in itself, which is to say that we can find joy in the very act of asking questions when we are disposed to do so.

Probably this is one of the reason why Plato, the Greek philosopher would say that philosophizing is, in his own word, " a dear delight", although, one might want to counter such statement in this part of the world, that this does not in any way suit our taste.

However, although, we tends to appeal to the usefulness of philosophy, but any kind of knowledge has its potential of enrichment and its usefulness. The same is true that if philosophizing is embedded with knowledge and wisdom, refuting this would, no doubt, mean we do not subscribe to the kind of value of wisdom and knowledge, unless, it is package with material reward of which philosophy is never so much attached.

One could argue that philosophical thinking, no doubt, protect against unsupported ideology, and unfounded belief and indeed, unjustified authority with questionable character of cultural values. It will be observed, however, that these forces, often , tends to manipulate when they are not well understood, with the result of landing us into a situation of not thinking critically about their implications as we remain passive.
Of cause, they may not be a part of our value, idea and belief system, but partially accepted for whatever reason we deem fit and
for what they may come to represent in our belief system.

One could even say that reflection is laborious while ignorance is a bliss of which trust on authority and tradition can be the only thing that can maintain our culture. The same is true that in this perspective, one can reasonably reject any form of argument, in the absence of any definitive argument, not without comfortably deciding whether philosophy is actually a worthwhile pursuit.

The same is that we may decide as to whether the pursuit of wisdom, fame and knowledge really worth the effort.
But about the value of philosophy, one must be convinced beyond measure as to whether reflection, questioning and contemplation, just to mention a few of the features, can really enrich human life, and it was in this same perspective and wonder, that made Socrates, the Greek philosopher to say that,- " unexamined life is not worth living", which is about individual and collective reality.

However, it must be observed that philosophy appear to have resulted from wrong conception of the end of life and in particular from the conception of the kind of good philosophy strive to achieve.

According to some school of thought, if the study of philosophy has any value at all, order than for the student of philosophy, it must be only indirectly through its effect upon the lives of those who study it. And it is through this effect. however, that the value of philosophy maybe allowed to primarily direct any viable attention.

Philosophy like any other field of studies, has the fundamental flavor of aim and objective at knowledge, the kind of knowledge that gives sense of unity and system to the body of science. It is the kind of knowledge that often result from any critical examination in the maintenance of a viable ground of conviction, prejudice and belief.
Of cause, it will be observed that any question about the value of philosophy is closely
connected with the issue of Education in general, because education tends to transform with increase of awareness of the basic tenet of development and improvement of our critical thinking skill and at best, could help in the very transformation of the mind.

According one W. Durant, an Author of the book, of " Pleasure of philosophy" he asserted that "philosophy will not fatten our purses" but we cannot be saved without wisdom.
It is obvious, that one cannot be able to provide any knockdown argument for the value of philosophy, when one insist only to measure the value in term of material remuneration.

But make no mistake, that our culture today looks so superficial with misplaced identity and knowledge as to becomes so dangerous, simply because, partly, we tend to be very rich in mechanism but very poor in purpose and direction.

Lately, l have been reflecting a great deal, of why there is no Nigeria philosophers or African philosophers. This is because l have come across European and American philosophers and what they wrote about, rather, contemporary British, German and even French and Italian philosophers. Then you also have Indian and Chinese philosophy, and in fact. from north African like Camus from Algeria, and accordingly, Leopode Senghor of Senegal who wrote poetry of which in Europe, they saw them as a philosophers.
There is no doubt, that we have one of the finest literary giants of the likes of Prof. Wale, Achebe and Many others, who their bells rang across Europe and America and elsewhere in the world.
But back home in Nigeria, lam wondering why there is no Nigeria philosophers or African philosophers based on what they have said and written about Nigerian or African.

I look forward, however, to reading what for instance Dr. Zik said about politics, Chief Awolowo and why not, Dr. Unjoku, the renown Educationists who l have no doubt in my mind, must have said something about education, politics that gives them the names Educationists, and what about Dr Tie Sholarin, the founder of Mayflower school who distinguishes himself of what a school should looks like and should be.
I do think these are philosophers in their own right of which any department of philosophy in Nigeria is saddle with the responsibility to carry out a research and articulate their ideas. The reason is just simple, because, such ideas goes a long way to enhancing in the development of this country, that act as a transmission of ideas and culture.

The same is true, it is time, Nigerian Academicians starts to write the history and philosophy of this country as to deployed them into our schools curriculum and stop reading out side books and stop blaming outsider of our set backs. Nigerian and African have methods of doing things just like American and British and indeed, Italians have theirs own method of doing things.

When we talk about method, there seems to be two known methods which are - Inductive and Deductive and which one are we applying that is suited to our own culture. In philosophy, the deductive is said to be scientifically acclaimed, but to me l think the inductive is the best for African or Nigeria due to our peculiar and unique environmental problems, if you like.
The inductive method is - starting from the basics to doing the big things while deductive is- starting from the big things to doing the basic things. Unfortunately, there is total neglect of the basics as we often strive for the big things that tends to compound our problems.
I think Nigeria or Africa should try to mind their own business in the name of politics to focus on the domestic issues Educationally , Politically and Economically, l mean looking inward instead of looking outward, because we must not pretend we are developing, until we are ready to face up to the basics of Nigeria or African realities.

Of cause, undisputable, there no contradiction, but in the perspective of the problem of identity as one of the first principle among which are the principle of excluded middle.

Today, lam trying to search for what l may term, a Metaphysical meaning of reality. In doing this, l have no doubt, in my mind, that a bunch of individuals may not be able to comprehend the concept of metaphysics, because it is really mentioned.

However, for those of us who has anything to do with philosophy, may not have a had time to understand after reading a few line of this article. The question is what is metaphysic ?, and in response to such question , the answer is, simply that it is the very foundation of worldview. Such that it encompass virtually everything that exists as well as the nature itself.

And the other question is -why is metaphysic important? .In response, it is because it is the foundation of philosophy, through which without an adequate explanation or interpretation of the world around us we would fined ourselves in a helpless state to deal with the reality as we see it.
The same is true, we may not be able to take good care of ourselves and act to preserve our life. And for this reason, it is the degree to which the metaphysical worldview is correct, that the degree to which we are able to adequately comprehend the world around us and act accordingly.
Therefore, without this basic and firm foundation, any knowledge becomes suspect and any flaw in our view of reality will, no doubt, be very difficult, if not impossible to live our life. The question that need to be asked, is what are the key element of rational metaphysics?.
It can be asserted that reality is absolute, because it has a specific nature of its own, independent of our thought and feelings. It is also true that the world is real, whether we know it or not, because it has a specific nature and must be consistent to its very nature.

Therefore, the physical world exists with every entity that has its own specific nature and act accordingly to their different nature. And they do not in their interactive session exchange their specific nature, hence. every action has an effect through which causality becomes the means by which change occurred through their specific nature.
According to Aristotle, the great Greek philosopher, A is A, is the - "Law of identity" which is to say that everything that exist has a specific nature. Such that A is not B, and B is not A , rather, A is A and B is B, in their specific nature and identity.
Accordingly, each entity exist as something in particular and it has characteristic that are part of what it is. It must be observed that an entity has a specific identity of which identity is a concept that refers to an aspect of its own existence. Therefore, identity as an aspect of existing as something in particular, but with specific characteristic which is part of its identity.

Any entity without identity cannot exist, otherwise, it would be nothing and the same is true, that to exist is to exist as something with a particular identity.
To have an identity implies to have a single identity, just like object cannot have two identities. It must be observed that the concept of identity is very important, because it makes explicit that reality has a definite nature, with its own identity and is knowable at any given time.

Very sorry for the silent predicament of yours. Be clear, that this life is just an opportunity to believe and worship the one who created you and indeed, love others as you love yourself.
She is not your wife and there is nothing you can do about it. You cannot force any such situation and what you need do is to take care of the children and stop going to bed with her for your own sake. If you want to get a woman friend fine, otherwise, keep yourself and move on with your life and walk on the path of God, so that you do not miss out on the savilfic banquet at the end of time. You must rise above the life turmoil.

Nigerian are proud of you .Congratulation.

Nigerian are proud of you.Congratulation.

In one of the write up, l did mention that the goal of scientific psychology to to explain behavior. The result culminated into ' a point of view' concept with various perspective, which was not agree upon by some school of thought, like the rationalist.
However, in this writeup, we shall be looking at another point of view of the like of -psychodynamic view point" and how it affect our behavior. The psychodynamic point of view, own much to the influence of Freud and the school of psych analysis, of which Freud is the pioneer.
This point of view did assert that human personality contain field of forces among which are the primitive sexual and aggressive impulse that are consistently in conflict with our moral and ethical values.
Therefore, an individual with an emotional conflict can induce and aggravate a chronic anxiety, anger and depression. Make no mistake, we often witness this type of behavior, even in the family, group and in the larger society of today.
It will be observed that the psychodynamic point of view, in the explication of behavior, is quite significant and valuable, in particular when we choose to understand the behavior of any troubled individuals or group of person.
Now, what is personality and what is behavior?

On the one hand personality is a set of qualities unique in any individual, which is general associated with outer appearance and behavior of an individual. It is referred to as a mask -identity of a person because it reflect the outer appearance and a behavior that may not be true for the inner character, hence, the 'mask'. In a nutshell, it is a constellation of traits which is unique to any individual and it consist of the "ego" the conscious " l" at the center of personality.
On the other hand, is character, which is a set of mental and moral quality, that set an individual apart from others in his/her unique identity at any given moment. Because character work with the aid of the mind and feelings through which the personality may be glorified with the use of various mask.

But it must be developed in order to be effectively displayed, like the sense of humor and being friendly, although, this is what we are in personality but not in our character.
While, on the question of what is behavior, it could be defined as the way we act and choose to give out a complete picture to those looking at our action and reaction. It must be observed that behaviour is subject to change for different purpose and objective at nay give moment.

Taken for instance, the politeness and rudeness we often display, at various moment, depending whether we are with family or friends. However,
there are certain behavior which are acceptable and those that may not be acceptable by family and society due to code of conduct.
Basically, behavior, tends to define "what you are" while character defines " who you are" and personality defines "what you seems to be" which is relatively a stable behavioral disposition to display what you are really not ordinarily in character.
In the perspective of interrelation setting, like in marriage, this can stand or fall, on the basis of the way we react to one anther personalities. However, psychologist believe that that the study of personality is important because of its impact on behavior and actions which is not without multiple expression, among which are the hidden reason of behavior.
The same is true, according to the school of psychoanalysis of which Freud is pioneer, did believe that motives can be unconscious that may operate outside the very control of the "ego" and of the "l" of the personality. Because the force in the mind called the repression is the "ego" a defence mechanism characterized by involuntary tendency to always ready to shovel any information that threatens any element of integrity and stability of the ego down to the very unconscious psychological domain of any individual.
However, the psychologist and in particular Freud are of the believe, that the reason for human behavior, is often obscure, because a bunch of individuals often act on impulse to later regret as they muddle through life and they often appear to have only a flimsy notion why they make certain choices and take a certain turns in life.

Moral is the development of individual sense of right and wrong. Therefore any moral development must be built on a foundation of what might be called, " cognitive development" or cognitive learning, a leaning in which consciousness plays an important role. Because learning is a permanent change in behaviour or behavioral tendency, as result of experience.

However, it must be said that the term, learning tendency did come to indicate that learning can be sometimes be dormant, which is to say, it does not often came to reflect itself in any immediate action.
The Greek philosopher Plato and Emmanuel Kant believed that "Moral sense is inborn", that is a given of the human mind. On the other side of the spectrum, another Greek philosopher Aristotle and John Locke did assumed that Moral sense requires learning and experience.

According to one of the psychologist, Kohlberg in his approach, took up the learning hypothesis, according to which human being requires a moral sense by learning to think clearly, through an example of Role model, and indeed, by social reinforcement. As a matter of what l may call, a near-act of sincerity, do we have such role model in our society or not. And from here, is the concept of what l may call " Power Orientation" which tends to mean that, to any child with the ability to think, this "might makes right" of which the parents may come to be seen as the Mr.& Mrs. "right" because they are bigger and stronger than the child in question, as a role model, if you like.

The same is true, there happen to be this five or six years old Buggy, who at one point was considering whether to steal this one naira note from his mother's purse. In fact, he hesitated, 'to do it or not do it"- which is the question.

However, his hesitation, if there is any, is based on the fear of being caught, and not on being guilty. Therefore, it is obvious, that he is "Amoral, with no sense of Moral, because he has no internal feeling that he is wrong to do something that is forbidden.

To this end, l must add that, although it may sound, tricky that when there is a disconnection with enormous gap between the mind, meant for rational thinking and heart with Divine connection, there is consequence.

It seems clear that one of the goal of scientific psychology is to explicate behavior. For instance, when someone put up a behavior in an unexpected and strange manner, the first thing that come to mind, is why such behavior.

However, an answer that often come yo mind would often come in a multiple ways of which a bunch of rational thinkers disagree. From such disagreement, no doubt, emanated a set of what comes to be known as- "viewpoint" or point of view, through which behavior comes to be explicated not without a heavy dose of influence carried with it of how psychology now tends to approach the very
study of behavior

The same is true , that the point of view approach have various perspective in kinds among of which l will just mention a few like -the Biological point of view and Sociocultural point of view etc. As it were, we shall be looking at how these point of view relate to our behaviors

The Biological point of view, did assert that our behavior can be explicated in terms of such factor as Genes, in the endocrine system ,the brain and the nervous system. And it also assumed that we are all organism made up of protoplasm recognized as the most solid method to explain away our behavior.

The reason stern from such statement, as when someone would said that --"l feel lazy" which may appear a psychological condition of which later on, may be discovered to also have a sluggish thyroid gland with low metabolism. In reality, such laziness, from the biological point of view must have to be explained in terms of low thyroid production.
The same is true, that when a child is suffering from metal retardation, and receive a diagnosis of down syndrome, a sign and symptoms that may have suggested that such child has only three chromosome on what normally have been twenty first pair of chromosome, it is clear, that any behavior requires to be explain in terms of biological point of view, although not without some element of other related point of view.
Then we have the Sociocultural point of view which asserted that much of our behavior is determined by factors associated with society and culture. This is to say that when a country or a society has long history of depression of various kind, there will be the tendency in the rise of individual problem of the like of insecurity and other form of abuses in the society. And we all know that society and culture find their expression in the very fabric of family with its value system, religious and tradition and indeed in the general code of conduct.
In this context, there must be a value system to uphold in relation to law and order that bring about some level of sanity in any organized society, that appear necessary that bring about a gradual level of conformity, because conformity in social behavior do exist
This is self evidence, when individual strive to match his or her behavior to other behaviors of other members of his or her given group or family. However, this does not often remove that human - filo- conductor,, in human nature of the individual need of autonomy which is at odd, at any given time.
The same is true, that we know that, absence of some level of conformity in family or society suggest public or family chaos and from the point of view of societal value system, in relation to family, religious organization, schools and other similar groups, it is absolutely necessary in the display of pro social behavior that enhance and foster long term interest of family and society we belong, with the basic idea that there is safety in conformity in the preservation of our identity that goes a long way to tell of who we are at any given moment in the journey of life.




.







.

Yes, the paradox, of the current state of the system in general. As I have said in some of my write up,the current epidemic, no doubt, have its positive side, in spite of what looks like deadly a deases,of cause, negative .

The same is true, that none withstanding, the negative effect in its revolution, there remain the lesson to behave, in what looks like a more dignified manner whether in private or in public. Indeed,a bunch of people believe there is more to learn from the current situation.

In fact, it tends to remind everyone that if history has any significant in the life of man. here it is , because this is not the first time, humanity have come to witness such a terrifying situation .

But in putting our situation here in context. we seem not only to believe but also behave as if we have nothing to learn in any of the situations, taking place, be it economic or security.

In fact , one could sense this through what we say on daily bases and in what we do. from outsider point of view . My reason is that what is happening here, is the same as what is happening in other African country.

We seems not to be interested in our history, through which we could correct our past mistskes ,after all, l think this could be one of the reason why we study history, not just to pass examination for its own sake.

The same is true, that because of lack of our interest in history. in this part of the world, we seems to be turning and turning around, without even recognizing that this is what we have been doing. And indeed, we do this in virtually every area of the so call developmental stride.

All this things happens, as if we are so distracted, not to do something about it, as if they are normal.
As someone coming from outside, it all seems pathetic and mind burgling that we do not seems to read any meaning to anything, as if we are really too brilliant that the basics no longer count in what we do,

I just think that weather we like it not, as long as we refuse to pay attention to our historical background to correct the situations, like the outsider do with history it will be just a waste of time, in terms of, economics, political or otherwise.

Take our school system, for instance, how many people know that , many of the problems of in disciple becomes so exaggerated with the consequence of corruption and other sickness of the society of today. This child of indiscipline was given birth and nurture when the Government took the school from the mission, with all the tools of ethics and tradition, as a word to guide with honour and dignity were just thrown away, in the name of authority.

I do not know whether these schools have been returned adequately back to the mission, but the damage have been done, and not until this children of Government finish their tenure, things may not change soon.

Because one of their tools is unethical connections and without the fear of God which is one of the reason the sleeping giant may not be awake soon for now and l must worn, that we lack principle and method and yet too brilliant and yet looking stupid. But only to think and call it smartness and normal as all a gift from God.

It seems it is more adequate for the sake of objective judgment, and in order to minimize any error and avoid sentiment, hence, it is always advisable to view things through the optic of the sense of the concept of “context”. Because, “context” as a concept is one of the many adequate means of looking at things. In the absence of context being put into consideration, becomes the cause of untold problem and conflict, in a cross cultural relations. In this perspective, it will be observed that very few people are aware of this in their daily judgment of certain situations , among the high context cultures and low context cultures systems that often has an intrinsic- impact on how we relate to one another.

Of cause, this may be in the form of an intrigue, in the different culture and environment of which between these two cultural system, being put in context, we can come to see how they operate between one and the other . In the High context cultures, there exist a distinction between insider and outsider than in “low context cultures, and the same is true that people raised in high context culture systems, expect most of the time, more from others than those in the low context culture systems. In particular, for instance, when a high context culture individual is talking about something he has in mind, he always expect that his listener knows exactly what is bothering him without the Nitti gritty of the detail explication, such that he does not have to explicate the specifics before they understand him.

But the result is often that the low context culture would be moving around the main - point, and in effect busy putting all the pieces in their proper position but living behind the very crucial and important point. But in reality, the listener should have been busy trying to place this pieces in their proper position without living anything behind -this keystone, which is the roll of the listener. Because to do this for them would be an insult and if you like, a violation of their individuality in a high context culture systems. And it will be observed that people in the high context culture systems, in particular, those in places of authority are personally and truly, (not just in theory) but in reality, are very often responsible for the actions of the subordinate down to the lowest man in the system.

The reason seems very obvious, which is due to the value of interplay of context, because in Low context culture system, on the contrary, the responsibilities are diffused throughout the system, and often very difficult, if not impossible to pin-down, of which those in high context culture system, no doubt, would often exploit to enhance themselves in every area of their interest. Just like what is happening in most of these countries and between our great patria and other nations of high context culture in the current dispensation of the eagerness to develop the society, in what looks like a low context culture system, and in the name of in-infrastructural development that have no point of rest. Paradoxically, the same is true that when something happen in a low- context culture system, everyone, no doubt, will run for cover, in a system that supposed to protect its people. Of cause, if a scapegoat, is ever sort for, the most plausible low ranking scapegoat is often those chosen in the low-context culture system as representatives.

In fact, there has been a long tradition in the Western hemisphere from Plato to Sartre, Plato a Greek philosopher and Sartre a French philosopher, with the exception of German philosopher Heidegger that considers emotions to be somehow a distorting reality, while the Chinese believe on the contrary. However, it is often obvious, that emotion tends to reveals something that is often true about a person and concern for the true condition of anything that pertain both the self and the society, that tends to sustain any tradition of mindfulness and awareness, if you like.

The same is true, that being true to any perceived emotion and true condition of any situation are often seen to be very critical for any interpersonal relatedness, and the route to developing this sensitivity is often through a deep -collective aspiring oriented culture that take place within a genuine-deep-heated-interaction without any form of deceit, with others and in any conducive environment for self-reflection.

This the second part of the theory of the objective principle and as at were, it will be observed that when the first principle is true merely for our minds, it may not be true in themselves. And secondly, when the first principle is true in every mind and everywhere, it simply means that they are objectively true in themselves independent of our thinking. The reason stern from the fact that because, in the first place, we tends to make them to be true by restricting their true-value in our intellect, thereby making it a purely a subjective concept. And secondly, their true-value no doubt, tends to conform to the reality that seems to indicate that there exist a direct perception of the very concept in its objectivity.

However, this simply come to put in evidence the importance of the problem involved in the knowledge of the very concept of the ‘First Principle” in its application, although, these principles tends to form the very foundation of all Scientific and Philosophical knowledge. The same is true, that the First principle is rooted in the “Principle of no-contradiction”, which states that a thing cannot be and be at the same time, or that something cannot be something and be something at the same time. In this principle what seems to be in evidence, is the comparison between the “being and not being “of which there cannot be middle way or thing between for instance that =”is and is-not”, but if on the contrary, there has to be something, the question is, what could that something be possibly be.

However, it is suggested that it will be nothing less than-“is or is-not” of which if it –“is”- it will simply mean, it –“is not” and the same is true, if is “being” it means it is “not-being”, therefore it means there will never be a middle something between the two terms, otherwise, it becomes a contradiction in term. In virtue of the principle of no-contradiction, it is clear that a thing cannot be there and be there at the same time. The same is true that, it is self- evidence that either it is or it is-not, which lead to the “Principle of excluded Middle”.

The “Principle of Excluded Middle” state that a preposition is either true or false and it cannot be true and false at the same time.in any of its application. It is clear that the ultimate criterion of truth as the ultimate motive of all certitude reside in in what come to be called the Self –evidence through the internal, immediate and objective evidence of reality as it manifest itself to our intellect and recognize by the intellect as such. If this is so, the question remains, of how is error possible, since it appear that error could not occur in judgment. However, error is attributed to a non-correspondence and non-conformity to the intellect with the object in question of judgment, because it involved the affirmation of what is true and in the denier of what is true, since truth is the result of what is self-evidence. Therefore, error has its origin from lack of the real, in the presence of apparent evidence.

Then is the “Principle of sufficient Reason “which state that, if a thing is “being or is not being ” this simply mean that it is “either, it has its being from itself, which means that it is neither reduce by others non introduce by another”. In this perspective, according to the metaphysical interpretation, it is substantial and not accidental in nature, hence, the principle of sufficient reason of being. It must be observed that when it is not –being or is- not, it means that it is substantially reduced or introduced by another, and it accidental in nature,therefore, has no sufficient reason for its being but only a necessary reason of being and therefore , it is accidental and not substantial in nature. Wherefore, it is evidence that every being has a sufficient reason for its “being” otherwise, there would be no difference between “being and non-being”.

I would like to say that the "First Principle " is rooted from the principle of no contradiction which state that a thing cannot be and be at the same time or something cannot be something and be something at the same time. It is also true that the first principle in its application tends to form the very foundation of of all scientific and philosophical knowledge. It is a known fact that no school of thought has been able to give in clear term and adequately any amount of the universality and the necessity inherent in the axiomatic truth or first principle. The same is true that in its application,none of the theories has been able to pass beyond the subjective boundary of the psychological necessity that could compel any individual mind to judge that the first principle is universal and necessarily true. Although, it can be perceived that these principles, even though, they seems not to be truly for us, but they are no doubt , for our mind and all things.

The reason for such assertion , stern from the very fact that why the subject and predicate of the first principle are logically connected with the absolute necessity, it must no doubt , have to do with something. And that something is the internal subjective and intrinsic nature distinct and logically independent of each other that may proceed from the constituent of the mind itself. however, there remain the question of what is it that force the intellect to place such absolute necessity in this judgment. As it were, we are here faced with the basic fact, which maybe due to the ultimate experience present in the consciousness through our introspection and reflection, through which we strive to extract an answer for such question.

However, attention must be exercised to know what actually take place when making any such judgment as to be able to discover what actually is the element that prompt and compel the intellect to consider such judgment to be absolutely necessary in their validity. But it mus be observed that, often, we can come to discover that reason tends to rely so much in what one may call, the cogent objective evidence of the logical relation that exist between the concept of any such judgement. But which may have nothing to do with any subjective necessity that may arise from the constituent of the mind.

Thanks indeed, l did it purposely out of frustration, due to our attitude to African problems, as if it does not exist at all.

It must be observed that whatever the Africans are currently going through is not the fault of the present generation of the of European. Because I distaste the use of the word White or Black, of cause, even the Blacks are more of the advocacy of what looks like what bone out of self undoing, due to a bunch of psychological trauma of the past, from African perspective from one generation to the other till present day, that tends to become the norms. I must say again that among the current generations of whatever Continent or Culture, it is only the Africans who are still carrying the stigma of the past, even though, one maybe induce to believe to a large extent, that God had tried to favor them in terms of virtually everything to overcome their setbacks., yet they fail to recognize this due to external distraction.
Undeniably so, yet they still believe that they can do nothing on their own without anyone telling them what they must do, in the name of economic cooperation or marketing of oil because they have no idea how to convert this into other resources. Agreed indeed, but looking for instance other Continent like Asia, who were faced with the dilemma or others being colonized like the Africans: will any one say, through observation,they are not telling the Africans something?, of course, they are telling us something, but due to the usual distraction and maybe the almighty confusion, that culminated into an act of attitude of indifference, they fail to take notice of it.
It is instructive to know that African problem is the very problem of the most remote part of any African continent, except of cause, those of the North Africans, who sometimes, see themselves not really dispose to be part of Africans, and come to view the Africans as disappointing set of environment to be part, apart from the Economic aspect. But let us face it, history have always guides any individual or nation towards improvement, but not in the context of African politics or Economic front. Why?
This is true , because now there is the current believe that they must unite before they can know what their problem is and do something about. Really?, personally, I just think that such thinking is bone out of the almighty confusion and indeed, in what I may call mental laziness , of which I am pretty sure could make anyone to smile without say anything.

Personally, I get disturbed, not without mind bugling about this utterances, take for instance, that a Governor will say that they can do nothing unless other states join hand with them, before they can do something for their own people, even the most basic things in that matter. In fact, these are the same individual who are not even united in their villages , communities, or even in their countries, now talking about the unity of African before they could overcome their inability to manage their family affairs or community, I think they need to reflect over what looks like an utterances that hold nothing.

This same is true, that each of these African country, must learn to unite and develop their various country first through regional cooperation or state cooperation which is a process, and by extension to neighboring African countries just like the European. Remember that the Europeans never unite themselves before they develop. (To be continue)
Read more on ;- http://www.philoedublog.com

The view may not be widely shear by many and the reason is self evidence, in particular for those who in their mind and heart are disconnected. when there is a huge gap between the mind and the heart, there is always what might be called, insensitivity and indifference in any touchy issue. The same is true, that because the heart of man is often intertwine with that of the Divine heart, for those of believer, with a moment of reflection, there always come about an inspiration or an idea. .

On the other hand, the mind, is the bases for reason, and those of you who may be conversant with some school of thought will agree that between the 16th and 18th century there was what come to be called the age reason, of which somebody like Pain and others who think that, with reason man can do all things, make no mistake, this is just a sporadic explication, not detailed one, I must say any way. The bone of contention here is just to say,that it is the culmination and the consequence of what is happening in this contemporary setting, of course, not without positive effect, thanks to such radical and bold move at the time.

The same is true, that for any change to take place, there must be a radical step to be taken, just like in virtually in every thing, be it individual or collective means. those of us who have a taste of the school of Humanity, would agree that the problem of identity is a serious issue. this so, because for those of you who must have read the scripture extensively, must have seen how it all begin and the consequences of such betrayer. I just think, that Africans has come a long way in her evolutionary journey, and in fact, history no doubt, have said a great deal about this unique individual, called Africa.
But unfortunately, she tends to find her self in what I may call " II bivio"or Junction,- standing between this different highway, not knowing which exactly the way to take, as she choose to remain and often time becomes distracted due to the many noises and sometimes enticement coming from every direction. To this distraction, and confusion, something must be responsible, because there is no course without effect,either directly or indirectly. As one of the Video, I was fortunate to watch, and in trying to depict some of the current happening, he concluded by saying in what looks like a long sermon,as he refereed everyone to read Geneses chapter One of the scripture.

I must say however, at this point that the Africans distraction and confusion was master- minded just to make them think that they cannot do anything on their about the suffering of the their people without the help of anybody. Yet in this same Africa , there are bunch of individuals who from no where, have single handedlly make it on their own to become a Billonian and Millonian, just like every other places. (To be continue.)-Read more ;- http://www.philoedublog.com

You are a great profettess., and of cause God can use anybody just as it has used Madam to encourage the Nigerian people in this trying time.
Indeed it is a credible message full of annoiting .
It must all come to pass, in Jesus mighty Name.

This write-up is just to have an idea of how our mind works and here it goes. There seems to be three major parts of the mind that connects and operate to work together to create our individual reality. These three minds are known to be- (a) Conscious mind (b) Subconscious mind and (c) Unconscious mind and they are seen as the three level of the mind, of which Sigmund Freud, the famous Austria psychoanalyst was probably the first to popularized into main stream society as it come to be known today.

However, S. Freud tends to be the one who create the useful model of our mind into three tier or section, through the concept of triangular illustration for easy understanding. According to the triangular illustration, at the upper end is our Conscious mind, that occupies a portion at the top of the triangle, like an iceberg with a fraction of it showing above the water, represents just about 10% of our brain capacity. The question is, what is our Conscious mind is all about, and the answer to that, is that it is the part of our mind that people often associate with who we are, and which is responsible for our logic and reasoning. The reason is clear, the unconscious mind, could not reason clearly like the conscious mind.

It is in the Conscious mind that most people live on daily bases, because it is where all our action takes place. Such voluntary action as in our communication to the outside world and our inner self through speech, physical movement, thought and writing. The same is true, that unconscious mind can only communicate to the conscious mind through the subconscious to provide us with the meaning of our interaction with the outside world.

The Subconscious mind being responsible for our involuntary actions, like our breathing rate, heart beats, and the store house of our belief, memory and past experiences, filtered in the subconscious mind, the like of our belief, habit and behavior formed before reaching out to the conscious mind. Our Unconscious mind cannot take control of any of our actions, like the conscious mind does, hence, the Conscious mind act as the gate keeper of the mind.

[b][/b] And when someone tried to tell us we are “dumb” our conscious mind will intervene through reasoning and filter the statement, if we are really dumb or not. The same is true, when you are been criticized and called names . But the Subconscious mind only communicates through our feeling and emotion, imagination and sensation and dreams to the conscious mind after these concepts has been filtered.

Therefore, the Unconscious mind communicates to the conscious through the subconscious which is larger than the conscious and account to about 50-60% of the brain capacity. The section below the triangle, is the width of the base of the triangle of the Unconscious mind that fill out 30-40% of the bran capacity, which is however deep and largely inaccessible to our conscious thought, which is a bit like an ocean dept.

On how the subconscious mind affect our behavior, S. Freud, will made us to understand that, this is due to the fact that, the unconscious mind continues to influence our behavior, and experiences, without our least awareness. Therefore, being unconscious can include a repressed feelings, hidden memories, habit and reaction and desires under the control of the subconscious that operate without our awareness and which we do not even have control.

For the fact that our emotion are controlled by the subconscious mind, becomes one of the reason we might sometime be afraid, anxious and down cast simply because we are unwilling to experience such feeling. And also because they are still under processing in the store house of the subconscious before communicating to the conscious mind for the revelation of the reality of things.

Read more on ;- http://www.philoedublog.com.

It is all about the denigration of who we are as a people, and you have a choice to allow it or not to allow it. You do not politicize an identity and culture of a people. It is one of the reason, the black people we ever, may remain in what l chose to call - "lbivio" to be or not to be, which is the question.
The colonial master do not care about your identity and your culture, you got to know that.

Congratulation, more grease to your elbow, your everyone in Nigeria pround.

When the traditional ruler are respected as the Governor of Edo state has demonstrated, definitely, there will always be a change of out look in the society, due to what one may call the respect of tradition because it carry with it an honor and authentic identity of who we are and to be preserved.
" Ethical concept and Tradition is a word of honor and a word that guides"

It has to be so, that the North is developing faster than it is expected. One of the reason, although, with other reason is that, the southerners are noise makers and until they stop making noise, and reflect, they will never know what the Northerner are doing or what they are up to. And we will always be cought up unaware with such development taken place out there politically and economically.May God bless Nigeria.

I just wish to blow my wistle here, in this write up,
although, l did not see myself as wistelblower.
My reason stern from the very fact that, we are been ellusive in the extreme by some basic facts, and we are been trapped by the enomity of what we have to contend with, as to end up dealing with, what l may called '"the Irelevancy, due to the " mind trapped" fenomeno.
One of the basic fact remain that - " family is the seed of any society, and when family goes wrong morally or otherwise, the society equally goes wrong, politically or otherwise, contestable? you might say,
The same is true, that every where, it is man that play politics, it is not the other way round. Without man, u do not talk about politics,(man/woman).
I would like, to add that, the current epidemic, has some lesson to teach everyone, and this is not the first time, history always there with self evidence, and of what humanity come to represent.
But for instance, in the context of Africa, it seems to be a man at the middle of a junction, not knowing which direction to turn.
I find this pertectic, and mind bugling in her passivity, most of the time. This is true, in particular -
over what looks like problem of identity, that often turn into a "blame game".
I think also that Nigeria problem is African pmroblem, because, as long as the African fail to address their identity problem, they must cease to blame the so called colonian master. The same is true, that where, any culture with its " tradition, is been tranpple upon, in the name of politics, it is something to reflect about. Why, because, there is a saying, - Ethical concept and tradition, it is word that guides and a word of honour". There is always a tradition to preserve and the to do away with due to its irrelevancy.

Therefore, the tradition must be respected and cannot be tranppled upon, -because it is the heart of the people, the root of identity of any culture otherwise, it is a trapped of the mind.

We often here the word, it is my tradition, why then do we have to trample upon it, and indeed, the traditional ruler who represent the people, in the name of politics or democracy. As it were in our primitive state, tradition were practice.

Therefore, we must refrain from looking down on our traditional rulers and our traditions because they represent the people, and without the people no democracy, and democracy does not play itself, and without man with an identity no politics.

Read more on;- http://www.philoedublog.com.

It is a known fact that maintenance management enables the smooth running and efficient working of organizational system and assist in improving productivity. The same is true that it helps to keep the equipment in their normal working condition. The maintenance of equipment in any organizational system, contribute in no small measure and indeed, an inevitable service function for any efficient productive system.

The importance of maintenance management, help to improve any operational efficiency as it contributes towards the decrease of operational cost, with improvement of quality of the system. Because any breakdown of equipment required recourse to outside source that no doubt, may increase the operational cost to run the system.

As a servicing function, it is related to incurring of costs effective, such cost that may depend a great deal in the method and staff employment couple with the administrative expenses of investment in equipment and inventory of repair component parts with materials for maintenance. Therefore, any lack of consistent and adequate maintenance plan may lead to frequent equipment breakdown and failure of productive services with the consequence of delay of various production activities

This could also result to poor quality production, with time consuming as t leaves the worker idle with high cost of maintenance. It will be observed that, although, the importance of maintenance management cannot be over emphasized in any organization, it no doubt, play a prominent role in any production management because any frequent breakdown of equipment create such problem such as;-
 Loss of production
 Material wastage
 Need for overtime that increases cost
 Need for Subcontracting

Therefore, lack of adequate planned maintenance services through preventive maintenance may result increase in cost of benefit analysis. The Main objective of maintenance management is to ensure adequate and consistent function. This is done in it’s regularly and efficient performance to achieve the prevention of failure and breakdown of any equipment at any given time.

The same is true, with the objective in the efficient maintenance of personal and equipment. Also to minimize maintenance cost of preventive, corrective and inventory associated to materials required for maintenance. Finally to improve reliability availability and indeed, maintainability.

Read more on ;- http://[b]www.philoedublog.com.

This write up is to enable us to have a rough idea of the necessity of equipment maintenance management. The necessity of maintenance management, one might argue has to do with maintenance activities which are related with general repair, replacement and servicing of equipment, which embraces preventive, corrective, and schedule or routine maintenance.

The methods of maintenance enable the equipment to operate at specified “availability for a specified period of time. The same is true, that maintenance management has come to be associated with direction and control of availability of performance in any organizational setting or system. Thus maintenance may come to be viewed and treated as a restorative function with the task to keep the equipment ever available in proper operating condition.

Thus being saddle with the restorative function, must also being in position to minimize the level of breakdown of these equipment which seems the main objective of maintenance. But overtime, maintenance has come to be considered just to repair any faulty equipment at any given time, just to put them back to their normal working condition.

In view of the general purpose, and conventional equipment with the low level of production and output, the demand on maintenance “function” could be high. But with the fast development in design and mechanism of control, such as the “the electronic” operated mechanism of the equipment, the scenario of maintenance has completely changed.

The same is true, that this changed scenario of the design, also demand a stringent control of dimensional tolerance and surface finishing of these product that have tends to increase the very tendency to adapt “standardization and interchange-ability of component parts” of the equipment that require update and trainings.

This is one of the major reason that in current set-up, even any minor breakdown often lead to a serious production problem of different nature, both in terms technology and economic.
It is becoming obvious of the current tough competition in the industrial market, that what it requires is the need of update and training in order to leave up to the challenge of maintenance management that has become a necessity.

Read more on;- http://www.philoedublog.com.

There is what come to be called “toxic thought “ which is different from “healthy thought”. Toxic thought is rooted from what come to be known as “biochemical,” which is responsible for bodily stress. We are told, they are stored in our mind and in the cell of our body. The same is true that there are so many of such area of toxic thought in our life with disruptive crews called the “dirty dozen” that could be harmful as poison in our mind and body, hence , they are toxic.

As it were, the toxic thought often can just creep into our mind as a result of abuse or as a result of horrific trauma. It is also true that the result of any toxic thinking can translate into stress in our body that could just be more than fleeting emotion. Stress in a global term, is but the extreme strain in our bodily system as a result of toxic thinking and abuse . It is clear that toxic thinking has the potential to harm the body and mind in a “multitude of ways from just that patchy memory to that of a severe mental health, immune system, health problem and digestive problem”.

Thus every single thought, be it positive or negative move through the same cycle when formed, and we can “break the cycle of the toxic thinking as we start to build the healthy patterns that bring peace to our daily stormy thought life”. According to Dr. Caroline Leaf,(2009), when we change our thinking , some branches move away as new one is replaced and the strength of the connections change as well as the memories network with other thought and spiritually, this is a renewing of the mind.

When we are thinking, our thought is activated, which in turn activate our attitude, simply because our attitude encompass all of our thought put together, that reflect our state of mind. Therefore, our attitude is a reflection of a chemical secretion being released, which could be positive attitude with the correct amount of chemical secretion or negative attitude with distortion of the chemical secretion as a result of the disruption in the natural flow.
According to Dr.Caroline Leaf,(2009)-“the chemicals are of the like of little cellular signals that translate the information of our thought into that of the physical reality in our body and mind to create an emotion”. It is the combination of thought and emotion which is the result of our attitude that impact our body in a positive or negative way.

Thus our mind and body are inherently linked, that start with our thought and as we come to the understanding of how our thought are formed, and the impact in our emotion and body, we tends to have a true choice to make. The choice of, can we allow our thought to become toxic and poisonous or can we detox our negative thought for the sake of improving our emotional wellbeing in order to recover our physical health.

It will be argued, however, that many of us today are familiar with this verse in Deuteronomy 30;19, which says-“today I have given you the choice between life and death, between blessing and curses. Now I call on heaven and earth to witness the choice you make. Oh, that you would choose life , so that you and your descendants might live”.

Read more on ;- -http://www.philoedublog.com.