₦airaland Forum

undisputed12:
WHAT IS ARBITRAGE?

In economics and finance, arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of a price difference between two or more markets: striking a combination of matching deals that capitalize upon the imbalance, the profit being the difference between the market prices at which the unit is traded.
Another way to see it is, as the purchase and sale of an asset in order to profit from a difference in the asset's price between markets.

It is a trade that profits by exploiting the price differences of identical or similar financial instruments in different markets or in different forms.

An example of arbitrage is:
I bought dollar at 450 naira per one dollar at Oshodi market
Then I'll sell that dollar at the rate of 500 naira per one at Alaba market
That's one of the things we'll be teaching you.


MUST READ!!

How You Can Make At Least N100,000 Per Month With Arbitrage

Please after reading this. You can still go through the thread, I'm sure you would love to partake in this wonderful opportunity of earning from Arbitrage.

It has been a wonderful opportunity for me and I implore you to take it serious too.

To make sure I'm able to teach this opportunity effectively, I've organized a group and detailed guide to share this live long opportunity.

I've been doing this since July 2020 and I've gathered enough a lot of experience doing it and made good money too. Sorry I didn't keep records would have stated it here Lol

Our group and detailed guide shows you;

- How to buy dollar at N450 and sell at N500+ plus platforms to use

- How to Get Debit cards that have $1000- $3000 limit.

- How you can maximize these cards to get more gains

- Access to our premium group to get newest updates on how to make money on Arbitrage

Our community with over 233 members consists of different experts in the game and you'll be getting quick update on everything Arbitrage.

With updates and a vibrant community that's how you make the money.

Your earnings are limitless with Arbitrage you just need to have the right strategy and be ready to follow up every latest update.

You can find screenshots of testimonies from our group members below.

To make it accessible to everyone we've made it affordable for people to join.

The registration fee is $20 (10,000)

Wickedtruths:

Vaccines
Treatment of diabetes, cancer, arthritis, etc
Cosmetics
Skin care
Synthetic production

xenastar:
available in milligrams too...sold in vaccum filled glass vials. maximum delivery of venom is two weeks. Note that medical recommendation / license is required before sale
Scorpion venom 1g - N1,300,000 ~ N2,750,000
Toad venom (smoking bufo) powdered form 1g - N200,000 ~ N820,000
Snake venom 1g - N126,000 ~ N580,000
Spider venom (funnel web) - only on request
Bee venom - only on request
Make enquiries on species available
25% discount on toad venom orders above 3.5grams
Payment on delivery only in Ibadan, Enugu, and Gombe.

Masternostra:
Bitcoin trading can be extremely profitable for professionals or beginners. The market is new, highly fragmented with huge spreads. Arbitrage and margin trading are widely available. Therefore, many people can make money trading bitcoins. Bitcoin’s history of bubbles and volatility has perhaps done more to bring in new users and investors than any other aspect of the crpytocurrency.

Each bitcoin bubble creates hype that puts Bitcoin’s name in the news. The media attention causes more to become interested, and the price rises until the hype fades. Each time Bitcoin’s price rises, new investors and speculators want their share of profits. Because Bitcoin is global and easy to send anywhere, trading bitcoin is simple. Compared to other financial instruments, Bitcoin trading has very little barrier to entry. If you already own bitcoins, you can start trading almost instantly. In many cases, verification isn’t even required in order to trade. If you are interested in trading Bitcoin then there are many online trading companies offering this product usually as a contract for difference or CFD.

Why Trade Bitcoin?
Before we show you how to trade Bitcoin, it’s important to understand why Bitcoin trading is both exciting and unique.

Bitcoin Is Global
Bitcoin isn’t fiat currency, meaning its price isn’t directly related to the economy or policies of any single country. Throughout its history, Bitcoin’s price has reacted to a wide range of events, from China’s devaluation of the Yuan to Greek capital controls. General economic uncertainty and panic has driven some of Bitcoin’s past price increases. Some claim, for example, that Cyprus’s capital controls brought attention to Bitcoin and caused the price to rise during the 2013 bubble.

Bitcoin Trades 24/7
Unlike stock markets, there are no official Bitcoin exchanges. Instead, there are hundreds of exchanges around the world that operate 24/7. Because there is no official Bitcoin exchange, there is also no official Bitcoin price. This can create arbitrage opportunities, but most of the time exchanges stay within the same general price range.

Bitcoin is Volatile
Bitcoin is known for its rapid and frequent price movements. Looking at this daily chart from the CoinDesk BPI, it’s easy to spot multiple days with swings of 5% or more:


If you want tutorial on how to start trading, check my signature for contact bitcoin trading robot available too!!



Are you one of those who hear and see a lot of buzz around trading crypto currencies, but you have no idea what this is, how to do it or is it for you at all?

I'll try to give you a short overview of this activity so you can make your own decision.

1. The main currency we use here is Bitcoin. You first have to open a bitcoin wallet and acquire some bitcoin.

2. All other coins are purchased with bitcoin (some exchanges allow to buy with ether, monero, etc.. but for simplicity let's stay with BTC)

3. Once you have some bitcoin you are ready to buy altcoins (altcoin = general name for all coins other than bitcoin)

4. You will buy altcoins on an exchange. Exchanges are online services that offer buying and selling crypto currencies. The most popular are Bittrex and Poloniex. You have to open an account there

5. Deposit Bitcoin into your exchange account

6. Place a buy order for your chosen coin and buy

7. Watch the charts, follow news, join crypto trading communities and learn

8. See your coin price increase to a satisfactory level

9. Sell your coins for profit

10. Withdraw bitcoin from your account OR use the funds to buy again

This is trading in a nutshell.

recommendations:
Hi guys, the Royal Q family will be hosting its first physical seminar in Abuja.

So far physical seminars have been limited to Lagos and Ibadan, we have decided to bring this experience to our capital city, so folks over there won't be left out.

If you find yourself in Abuja on Friday, October 8th, kindly make your way to the venue in the picture below.

Incase you decide to hop on the train during or after the seminar, you can sign up and download the app using the link below:

https://www.royalqs.com/s/UNMHX

You can also reach out to me on 07012583701

Thank you.

Adamma91:
Dear Business owner,

Choosing the right legal structure for your business should never be about cost.

Stop using the cost of registration as the yardstick for registering your business as an enterprise ( business name) when you should actually be registering as a proper company.

Agreed, a business name also known as a venture or Enterprise maybe cheaper ( cost wise) than an actual LLC but I'm the long run it is almost pennywise Pound foolish.

Do you know that a business name does not offer any form of legal protection from any liability?

Do you know that you cannot enter into a contract using your business name?

Why?

Because the law does not see the business name or Enterprise as a legal venture.

Do you know that you cannot access equity funding opportunities or attract equity investors into your business when you register as a business name and not as a Ltd liability Company?

That means that you have to rely solely on your personal financing and loans from Family members and friends, banks or even online loan companies.

You see those online loan companies, they will drag your generation if you default in repayment even for one day.

Do you know that it will be almost impossible to scale your business name as fast as you can scale a company?

Do you know that business names or enterprises have very limited scope in terms of the businesses that you can do under it?

Do you know that there are some contracts you can't get and some organisations that won't do business with you just because you do not have a limited liability Company?

Dear Business owner,

the legal aspect of your business is not limited to registration of the business alone.

There are legal implications for choosing to structure your business as a Ltd liability Company or as an enterprise.

Stop deciding the legal structure of your company based on cost.

This thing can really grow big you know.

Have the big picture in mind always when starting your business.

Cc:

Adamma91:
THE 'DO IT YOURSELF' SYNDROME

It is important to write this because of the questions arising from my previous posts where I treated the 'differences between enterprise and limited liability company.

You see there are some things you can do on your own but registering your business yourself is not one of them unless, you have a guide seated right beside you else you will loose a lot of time and resources trying to do it yourself.

Many a time, people have approached me with their business registration because they got stuck on the way.

Some of the reasons being as a result of series of query upon query resulting from the fact that some are registering a business only registrable under a company as an enterprise.

Some also as a result of wrong filling of information and inability to couch their nature of business properly.

Do you know there are certain type or category of business that can never be registered under ordinary business name(enterprise)? The businesses that fall under this category can only be registered as a company with a particular share capital threshold.

Recently, someone sent me a message complaining bitterly how her application has been hanging for over three months. She has been trying to register a travel and tour business under ordinary enterprise. This is a kind of business that can only be registered as a company with a minimum of 30 million share capital.

If not that she reached out to me, all the registration fees she paid would have been a waste but she had to spend almost same amount with what she has spent so far to get this sorted out.

Now listen, it is not all business that are registrable under a business name, some can only be possible as a company with a particular minimum share capital.

For instance, no financial related business can be registered under a business name. A commercial bank with regional reach/scope can only be registered as a company with a minimum share capital of 10 billion. The one with national spread is 25 billion share capital while the one with international authorization is 50 billion share capital.

As simple as a POS business looks, it can't be registerd as an enterprise. Someone in my contact is stuck on this presently.

For freight forwarding company, it is a minimum of N5,000,000 share capital while a shipping company requires a minimum of N25,000,000minimum share capital.

Business registration is beyond what you think. It is not one of those digital skills you just Google online or go to YouTube to watch how to do. You may end up wasting money upon money.

Apart from the issue of knowing what type of business that can be registered as ordinary business name and/or company, there are other reasons you don't have to do it yourself. You will need a professional to really capture what your business does in the nature of business. You will need an expert to avoid the issue of double billing or double payment of registration fee.

Talk to me today. Bring on that challenge Even if you have started and get stuck.

Happy weekend of amazing breakthrough

dobnina:
Use Mytopexchange.

Owumi4:
Binance.com and Remitano

kayfra:
Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria Vol. 2, No. 1 (December 1960)

Notes on Contact between the Igala and the Ibo by J.S. Boston

The history of the Anambra connection with the Igala kingdom is contained in the traditions of a group of related villages that form a clan known as Umueri.

This group is settled in two sections, roughly midway between Onitsha and Awka; the northern section is centered on Aguleri, an important trading town on the left bank of the river Anambra, and the southern section has its centre at Nri, some thirty miles away.

The towns forming the first section are Aguleri, Nteje and Oreri.

The northern Umueri villages say that the clan was founded by a man called Eri who came to the Anambra are from Igala country, and settled at Aguleri.

Some versions say that he was a hunter, and others that he was an Igala war leader; it is uncertain whether there was an existing settlement when Eri arrived or whether the locality was unoccupied.

Eri's first son, Nri left his father's home to found the town that bears his name, and other sons founded the remaining towns in this group.

Aguleri takes its own name from Eri's second son, Agulu, but the ruling families there trace their own descent from one Aguve, who is said to have been given the title of Eze by the Ata 'Gala at Idah.

jstor.org/stable/41970820

cunny88:
tanks a bunch for dis piece, av remained on dis platform because of few persons like urself.

recommendations:
If you want a more detailed explanation of the entire system, then you should consider attending one of these seminars:


Lagos Thursdays
Radisson Hotel Ikeja GRA

First Session 10am
Second Session 1pm
Third Session 4pm


Lagos Saturdays
Protea Hotel Alausa

First Session 10am
Second Session 12pm
Third Session 2pm
Fourth Session 4pm


Ibadan Thursdays
Calton Gate Hotels, Idi Ape
From 12 pm

recommendations:
Hi guys, I would like to introduce you to a Cryptocurrency trading Robot called Royal Q.

Royal Q Intelligent Quantitative System is a system that focuses on Artificial Intelligence Quantitative Trading.

Quantitative Trading is strategy that has been deployed by many American Private Equity Funds over the decades.
During this period it has been available to only a small group of people.

Royal Q has designed a solution that is making this strategy available to the general public.


General Details about Royal Q:

=> It lowers the barrier for entry into Cryptocurrency trading for non-expert traders.

=> You need to bind it to your Binance/Huobi account via API.
It only has the right to carry out actions you permit it to.
In this case, you will only permit it to carry out 'Margin/Spot Trading' for you.
Binance/Huobi API won't allow it carry out any other actions asides this, expect you permit it to.

=> You need to select the coin pairs you want it to trade for you.

=> You need to set up the trading strategy by fixing in various parameters in the trade setting for a coin pair.

=> It does Spot Trading, not Futures Trading, so you don't have to worry about Liquidations.

=> It opens various positions on a particular coin pair at different prices, depending on your trade settings.

=> The robot was designed not to close in a loss.
If it buy a coin pair at a particular price and the price dips, it stays in a 'floating loss'
It then waits for the price to rise back above the entry before closing it in a profit.
It can open other positions at lower prices

=> This is a long term investment, not a quick money making scheme.

=> You should be willing to let the robot do it's thing over time without interfering, except if you are an expert trader.

=> The higher your capital, the higher your profits.


Pricing/Recommendations:

=> The robot costs $140/Year. This includes $20 for fuel fee when you just start trading.

=> You need at least $100 more for trading. So that's $240 in total for a start (at least).

=> The general recommendation is to use $2000 for 20 coin pairs.
Since many people might not be able to afford that for a start, you can start with $100 or any amount in between.

=> The recommendation is to allocate $100 for one coin pair in order to maximize performance.


I started with a trading capital of $240.

If you are interested in joining me on this opportunity, sign up with the link below and download the app:

https://www.royalqs.com/s/UNMHX


If you are serious minded and would like to know more about this opportunity, send me a message via WhatsApp on 07012583701

I will guide you through the entire setup process.

I will also give you an effective trading strategy for your coin pairs, so you won't need to figure it out on your own.

Thank you.

abbeyforex:
� Learn these terms that are used alot in crypto world!
�#ALTCOIN = Any crypto currency other than bitcoin.
�#ASHDRAKED = A situation where you lost all your money.
�#BAGHOLDER = A person who buys and hold coins in large quantity hoping to make good profits in the future.
�#BEAR/BEARISH = Negative price movement
�#BTFD = Buy The Fucking Dip (an indication to buy a coin when it has dumped so hard)
�#BULL/#BULLISH = Positive price movement
�#Love Machine = Long green or red candles
�#DUMP = To Sell off a coin
�#DUMPING = Downward price movement
�#DYOR = Do Your Own Research
�#FA = Fundamental Analysis
�#FOMO = Fear Of Missing Out (A coin is pumping and you get the feeling it's gonna pump more, so you buy high)
�#FUD = Fear Uncertainty & Doubt
�#HODL = Hold/Hold a position
�#JOMO = Joy Of Missing Out
�#LONG = Margin bull position
�#MCAP = Market Capitalization
�#MOON = Continuous upward movement of price
�#OTC = Over The Counter
�#PUMP = Upward price movement
�#SAJ #CANDLE = Huge green candle
�#SHITCOIN = A coin with no potential value or use
�#SHORT = Margin bear position
�#SWING = Zig zag price movement (Upwards and downwards)
�#TA = Technical Analysis
�#REKT = When you have a bad loss
�#REVERSE INDICATOR = Someone who is always wrong predicting price movements.
�#RSI = Relative Strength Index
�#WHALE = Very Wealthy trader/Market mover

Its all about PEACEFUL WEALTH .

abbeyforex:
Mark Zuckerberg is 33yrs old and has only one business; Facebook- launched in Feb 2004.
Aliko Dangote is 60yrs old, has a business empire, been in business for over 40years

In 2012, Dangote was named the 43rd richest man in the world (Forbes) while Mark was 66th; but in 2017, Mark became the 5th richest person while Dangote dropped to 105th position.

Mark Zuckerberg achieved more globally in 6yrs than Dangote has done in 40yrs.

The Reason?
Dangote started his business in the Industrial age which requires physical strength to succeed while Mark started his business in the Information Age which requires information and Knowledge.

You need new keys to open new doors old keys won't work.
Don't get stuck.

Strategy is better than energy. If you lack strategy, tragedy is Inevitable.
Go for Strategy this Year.


Embrace change....Embrace Cryptocurrency

Its all about PEACEFUL WEALTH.

cunny88:
but for how long, I hav to drive to abeokuta every forthnight, all my shocks are gone just because of this road, besides the federal highway, ogun state generally has no good roads

HolinessForever:
https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/15818775/crypto-trader-shot-dead-porsche-flaunting-lavish-lifestyle-instagram/amp/

jubrilar:
Dapo Abiodun is a disgrace to Ogun State....

Odingo1:
SW is good on paper with fake GDP, apart from Lagos which is former capital of Nigeria developed for decades with Niger Delta oil money before the capital was moved to Abuja in 1991, the rest of its state is not Motorable littered with dilapidated houses.

Mizwisdom:
If you go there learn how to live with them and adapt don't separate yourself and start hanging out with only Nigerians, mix well, learn their culture and you'll be fine.

treesun:
See what Abokifx has caused again!

treesun:
https://punchng.com/naira-crashes-to-record-low-at-official-market/

PrettyCrystal:
A video footage is trending on social media platforms - showing the moment a woman pulled down her underwear and urinated while stuck in traffic. After doing her thing, not minding where she was, she rolled up back her underwear and entered her car as if nothing happened.


https://www.nationalhelm.co/2017/07/woman-pulls-underwear-urinates-traffic-photos.html

EBMedia:
"Bitter Kola Changed My Life" - Meek Mill Says An "African herb" Healed Him Of An Ailment Of 2 Years

American rapper, Meek Mill has claimed that he took an "African herb" that healed him of a stomach problem doctors couldn't treat for two years, IgbereTV reports.

He tweeted:



He later shared photos of bitter kola and said it changed his life "quick".

He added:



He also said he's looking for where to do a heritage check to find out where his ancestors are from.

https://igberetvnews.com/1400581/bitter-kola-changed-life-meek-mill-says-african-herb-healed-ailment-2-years/

commodityport:
One of the greatest unresolved challenges facing Africa’s agribusiness sector is the lack of value addition. Sub-Saharan Africa-focused consultant Dr Edward George looks at how this affects two of Africa’s most important soft commodity value chains – cocoa and cotton – and explores how the fostering of local demand for crops could transform the balance of power for Africa’s agricultural producers.

Of all the challenges facing Africa’s agribusiness sector, the failure to add value to crops before they are exported has proved the most intractable. Most African softs are exported raw to global markets, and the processing industries that do exist locally struggle to add value. They may bring national prestige but they require costly subsidies to survive and create little employment. This situation is acute for three of Sub-Saharan Africa’s most important cash crops – cocoa, cotton and cashew nuts – which provide a livelihood for millions of Africans (Figure 1).

West Africa is the world’s largest producer of cocoa, with Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Cameroon and Nigeria producing over 70% of global output. But around 75% of the crop is exported as raw beans to Europe and Asia, with only a quarter staying in the region for processing into cocoa butter, powder and (a little) chocolate. This leaves the lion’s share of value addition to be captured by the confectioners and retailers at the end of the chain.

Cotton is another mainstay of West Africa’s agricultural sector, yet 70% of the crop is exported raw to Asia where it is processed into yarn and fabric and re-exported back to Africa. This means there may be West African cotton farmers wearing Asian-manufactured shirts made of the cotton they grew themselves. And, in the case of cashews, barely 5% of the crop is processed prior to export, with 95% of nuts going raw to India and Vietnam for processing and consumption.

It is not that there is no processing of cash crops in Africa. The problem is that most processing is basic. The majority of cash crops go through the bare minimum required for export or sale to the next part of the value chain. Although this can bring in immediate cash for farmers and processors, it means that they put in all the work to make a fungible commodity that is easy to trade and then let all of the value add go to those further down the chain (see fact box, page 29).

Processers struggle to compete internationally

There are processing sectors in Africa that extract more value from the crop, notably in cocoa and cotton. West Africa is one of the largest cocoa grinding regions in the world, accounting for 20% of global output. As the world’s largest producer of cocoa, Côte d’Ivoire has long vied with the Netherlands to be the world’s largest grinder, and the Ivorian government has pledged to boost local grinding from an estimated 27% of the crop in 2018/19 to 40-50% in the medium term.

But these strong numbers and ambitious targets belie the challenges facing West Africa’s grinding sector. Despite investment and local abundance of the crop, West African grinders have struggled to boost output and they are losing market share to grinders in Indonesia and Malaysia. They have survived thanks to local subsidies, whether in the form of tax breaks and cheap access to finance or export contracts, price stabilisation mechanisms or guaranteed discounts on the mid/light crop. In Ghana, for example, Cocobod gives a discount to local grinders for beans produced in the light crop (May-August) which are typically smaller and of lower quality than beans produced in the main crop (September-April), most of which are for export. This is not in itself wrong, as all value addition sectors enjoy some form of domestic protection around the world. But across West Africa the system has become so complex and opaque that it has distorted the local market and made it difficult for grinders to operate profitability and sustainably (Figures 2 and 3).

Francophone West Africa also boasts two cotton giants – Sofitex (Burkina Faso) and CMDT (Mali) – which run sophisticated value chains in the region. But they too have had their challenges. Sofitex was forced into a costly and disruptive withdrawal of the Bt cotton (genetically modified pest resistant) variety it was growing when it was discovered that the fibre lengths were shorter, which reduced the cotton’s value and quality.

The revival of the Africa’s textile sector has also been patchy, with the success of new manufacturing hubs in East Africa contrasting sharply with stagnation in West Africa’s textile processing. In the case of cashews, local processing has failed to keep pace with the dramatic expansion in production in Côte d’Ivoire, which is on track to become the single largest producer in the world. This is wasting a huge opportunity to capture value.

Why is value addition so low?

So why is value addition so low in Africa, when the continent’s agricultural sector has so many inbuilt advantages? These include abundant agricultural land, a rapidly growing population, the lower cost of capex for industrial plants, lower labour costs, plus less onerous know your customer and regulation. But many factors work against these advantages.

A key constraint is the lack of an efficient marketing infrastructure. This prevents farmers and processors from getting full value from their crop, even in its raw form. The problems start with the lack of farmer credit and inputs, and progress through the value chain with inadequate storage facilities, poor roads, overloaded ports and lack of access to buyers. This results in high crop losses – typically 30-40% of African crops rot before they reach market – and poor co-ordination between farmers which creates market gluts – as often happens in Nigeria’s tomato sector – and results in farmers getting little or nothing for their crop.

Africa’s agri value chains are highly fragmented, with numerous middle men adding costs while bringing dubious value and high levels of fraud. This creates an unstable platform for setting up processing businesses that rely on regular and guaranteed flows of raw commodities in order to meet the demands of their offtakers.

Taken together, these factors make it difficult for banks to finance value addition in the agricultural value chain. Too many banks have been burned by lending to small processors, traders and co-operatives, when they failed to understand the complexity of local markets and value chains. For many banks the risks are simply too high, from whether the farmers will provide the crops in return for credit advanced by the processor, to whether the processor will get a fair price from traders who are fighting to protect their own margins.

And, in the case of a default, what collateral do local processors really have? Leaving aside the internationally-owned value chains, which operate in their own enclaves, most African processors have ageing machinery and basic warehousing of little or no value. As a result, most banks do not finance the agri sector directly and the funding available for value addition projects falls well short of demand.

Starved of funding and struggling with a fragmented value chain, Africa’s processors face a further challenge: international competition. Cocoa butter produced in Côte d’Ivoire or Ghana directly competes with butters from anywhere in the world. If the costs of power, storage, transportation and paperwork delays are much higher in Africa than in other emerging or developing markets, then domestic processors cannot compete.

Boosting local demand is the key

The key to breaking this logjam is boosting local demand for cash crops, both within countries and regionally. If a country decides to add value to a product for which there is no local demand – for example making cocoa butter and powder – then it must offer a fiscal incentive to local processers. This means subsidies, and any subsidised industry can come to rely on subsidies in order to remain commercially viable, undercutting its competitiveness. But if there are multiple uses, consumers and markets for a crop, this gives market power to exporters as they do not have to take the first price offered to them.

Africa already has a successful example of this model in Ethiopia’s coffee sector. Ethiopia is Africa’s largest producer of Arabica coffee, with output of 7.7 million 60kg bags in 2017/18. But Ethiopia’s coffee exports are smaller than its rival, Uganda, whose output is a third lower. This is because Ethiopia consumes half of its crop (coffee is central to Ethiopian culture), reducing its availability for export. This enables the country to be selective in its coffee exports, helping build speciality brands like Yirgacheffe which command a premium.

Coffee consumption by Africans is also growing, helped by the bean’s brand association with Western working and social lifestyles, and there is ample space for the growth of African brands that meet local tastes and social habits.

It is also possible to capture the value of crops not grown in Africa but which are – again – intended for local or regional consumption. Nigeria’s sugar sector is a successful example of reverse integration. Starting in the late 1990s the Nigerian government first banned imports of packaged sugar – in order to boost investment in local packing plants – and then started to squeeze imports of refined sugar, while offering incentives for companies to invest in local sugar refineries. The results have been dramatic.

Imports of raw sugar have surged from just 1.2% of sugar imports in 1995 to 83.5% in 2016 (according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN), all of it feeding the growth of the world’s largest sugar refining complex around Lagos. Over the same period, imports of refined sugar have fallen from 1.1 million tonnes in 2002 to just 267,000 tonnes in 2016. This means that all the value previously captured by sugar refiners in Brazil is now being captured in Nigeria. The next step is to make Nigeria self-sufficient in sugar production and redirect the sugar refined from Brazilian raw imports to sub-regional markets such as Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire and Cameroon. (Figure 4).

Similar value-add models focused on local consumption could change the picture for crops like cocoa. Little cocoa is consumed in Africa and the usual argument given for this is that chocolate is not suitable for tropical climates. But it doesn’t have to be chocolate. There are a host of foods and drinks, including cakes, biscuits and soups, that can be produced from cocoa for the local market. Cocoa can even be marketed as a health food, breaking the bean’s association with sugary confectionary.

When I proposed this idea to a Ghanaian friend he put it to his WhatsApp community and was deluged with traditional cocoa recipes, none of which were chocolate, from their aunts, grannies and parents. If cocoa-based products can be developed to suit local tastes and eating habits, it can create a local source of demand for cocoa. This will give power back to the farmers and co-operatives, who will have an alternative market for their beans when international prices and demand are low.

It is in this context that the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) could help transform the value addition debate in Africa. AfCFTA’s focus on intra-regional trade – as opposed to international exports – could provide the framework to build cross-border agricultural value chains. These could link together production and consumption zones across Africa and process the commodities in the most efficient hubs. Not only would this put Africa’s value addition industries on a more stable footing, but it could help integrate all the actors into the agricultural value chain, in particular the farmers. This would make it possible to ensure that value addition industries not only add value to the economy but also that they transfer a fair share of this value to all participants in the agri value chain.

Value addition in Africa’s soft commodity sector

Basic processing:

Cotton lint
Raw cocoa and coffee beans
Natural rubber
Crude palm oil
Rice, maize, cassava
Raw sugar
Semi-finished:

Cocoa liquor, butter and powder
Roasted coffee
Refined and fortified sugar
Maize and cassava flour
Parboiled rice
Finished:

Textiles and footwear
Chocolate and ice cream
Freeze-dried, instant and ground coffee
Processed foods (pasta, noodles, bread)
Tinned fruit and vegetables

Read nore daily news here=> www.commodity-port.com

truthCoder:
thanks for your mature analysis. I respect your composure and line of thought.

truthCoder:
Tiwa Savage is a great person.

A lot of people don't really know that behind the pretty face and sweet voice is an even sweeter human who is ready to associate and mingle with all and sundry, irrespective of class.

I have worked on projects with many celebrities ranging from Burna Boy, Omotola, Toke, Tonto Dikeh, etc and among all, Tiwa Savage is the most down-to-earth individual who is actually limited by her fame from fully expressing the goodness of her heart.

For her to be able to talk about this means it is really heavy on her.

Yes she is not perfect and has and will do silly things like all humans. However, I believe this is not the time to ridicule her but to support her as she passes through this trying time.

Marvieduke:
I don't just know what to say to this guy because if the truth be told she messed up. As in very careless.

WizkidNews:
https://punchng.com/wizkid-hails-tems-as-essence-bags-platinum-certification/?amp