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George Washington, elected the first president in 1789, set up a cabinet form of government, with departments of State, Treasury, and War, along with an Attorney General (the Justice Department was created in 1870). Based in New York, the new government acted quickly to rebuild the nation's financial structure. Enacting the program of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, the government assumed the Revolutionary war debts of the states and the national government, and refinanced them with new federal bonds. It paid for the program through new tariffs and taxes; the tax on whiskey led to a revolt in the west; Washington raised an army and suppressed it. The nation adopted a Bill of Rights as 10 amendments to the new constitution. The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the entire federal judiciary, including the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court became important under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall (1801–1834), Federalist and nationalist who built a strong Supreme Court and strengthened the national government.

The 1790s were highly contentious, as the First Party System emerged in the contest between Alexander Hamilton and his Federalist party, and Thomas Jefferson and his Republican party. Washington and Hamilton were building a strong national government, with a broad financial base, and the support of merchants and financiers throughout the country. Jeffersonians opposed the new national Bank, the Navy, and federal taxes. The Federalists favored Britain, which was embattled in a series of wars with France. Jefferson's victory in 1800 opened the era of Jeffersonian democracy, and doomed the upper-crust Federalists to increasingly marginal roles.

The Louisiana Purchase from Napoleon, in 1803 opened vast Western expanses of fertile land, that exactly met the needs of the rapidly expanding population of yeomen farmers whom Jefferson championed.

The Americans declared war on Britain (the War of 1812) to uphold American honor at sea, and to end the Indian raids in the west.[1] Despite incompetent government management, and a series of defeats early on, Americans found new generals like Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison, and Winfield Scott, who repulsed British invasions and broke the alliance between the British and the Indians that held up settlement of the Old Northwest. The Federalists, who had opposed the war to the point of trading with the enemy and threatening secession, were devastated by the triumphant ending of the war. The remaining Indians east of the Mississippi were kept on reservations or moved via the Trail of Tears to reservations in what later became Oklahoma.

The spread of democracy opened the ballot box to nearly all white men, allowing the Jacksonian democracy to dominate politics during the Second Party System. Whigs, representing wealthier planters, merchants, financiers and professionals, wanted to modernize the society, using tariffs and federally funded internal improvements; they were blocked by the Jacksonians, who closed down the national Bank in the 1830s. The Jacksonians wanted expansion—that is "Manifest Destiny"—into new lands that would be occupied by farmers and planters. Thanks to the annexation of Texas, the defeat of Mexico in war, and a compromise with Britain, the western third of the nation rounded out the continental United States by 1848.
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1827



--The 1st railroad in the U.S. was built in Quincy, Mass.



--Writer Sarah J. (Buell) Hale promoted the idea of Thanksgiving as a national holiday in her publication, Ladies Magazine.

She was founder and editor of this, the 1st woman's magazine.

In 1507, German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere "America" after Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci.[12]

The first documentary evidence of the phrase "United States of America" was in an anonymously written essay published in the Virginia Gazette newspaper in Williamsburg, Virginia on April 6, 1776.[13][14] In June 1776, Thomas Jefferson included the phrase "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" in all capitalized letters in the headline of his “original Rough draught” of the Declaration of Independence.[15][16] In the final Fourth of July version of the Declaration, the pertinent section of the title was changed to read, "The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America".[17]

By these mathematical considerations, it makes lots of sense to dismiss the notion that almost every Nigerian is prone to criminal behavior. The intelligent approach to this is to consider every criminal or immoral behavior on individual basis. Every Ghanaian is only credit to Ghana but personally responsible for their actions. If this principle is true, we can agree that it applies to every country.

muktar mtt: Tell am o!

naijaforlife: @Callotti. Try to make ur point without bringing religious sentiments into the discussion. A person who lives in a glass house should not throw stones.

Gbawe: Absolutely spot on !!! In fact, what you write is a good way to prosecute life in general. Weakness is not an option because there are too many wannabe bullies and mentally insecure/unstable folks who go around with a desire to feel good by acting meanly, and without provocation, towards others.

Even looking at the history of man, many wars could have been avoided if some egotistical and aggressive fools did not take others for granted. You are totally correct. Civility deserves civility. Same is true for everything else. Basic essence of life really.

Addressing a press briefing in Abuja yesterday, the Chairman of NAHCON, Mallam Mohammed Musa Bello, reiterated that the issue of a male companion for female pilgrims to the kingdom is a fundamental aspect of the hajj exercise which Nigeria cannot afford to violate.

wiegraf: http://www.thesmokinggun.com/buster/feds-arrest-nakoula-578341

Has this been posted yet?
Anyways, Obama, I'm looking at you...

wiegraf: My opinion doesn't matter, you know how opinions are. Doesn't mean I can't have one, or state it, you've heard of free speech, yes? It was justifiable for a lot of reasons, it was also unjustifiable for a lot of reasons.

wiegraf: But I never, ever, wanted to be in the whitehouse...

PhysicsQED: While it's true that Romney's not behind it, you're definitely underestimating the hatred for Obama that some people on the opposing side have.

http://www.addictinginfo.org/2012/09/28/conservatives-call-obamas-deceased-mother-a-fat-slut/

http://www.kulturekritic.com/2012/09/news/chair-of-alabama-gop-endorses-film-claiming-obamas-mother-posed-in-adult-magazines/

http://www.phillyburbs.com/news/local/courier_times_news/opinion/oped/the-republican-hysteria/article_6e916ee8-4b6b-5f22-a3f3-367f489a0d32.html

It's definitely not beyond some of them to stoop so low.

wiegraf: Still too much of a price to pay....far too much, just for some votes... Actually if that's his excuse, that's disgusting... If he has some long range plan, I can't see it. If there is one, it better be worth it. Votes? You know how selfish that sounds? He sells out freedom so he could boss about for another 4 years? Leaving the rest of the world what? Leaving his legacy what? For now, I will suffer the ignominy of agreeing with faux news.