₦airaland Forum

hok4u: am interested in learning how to use some the statistical packages but the problem is that i stay in lagos,do you have training center in lagos?

Yes, i can link u up with my colleagues in lagos. Send a mail to this address: three.eyes27@yahoo.com. If they don't respond to u on time let me know so that i give u their gsm numbers.

gabreel: WHEN I LISTEN TO SOME PEOPLE'S COMMENT ON THIS SITE. I USUALLY LAUGH.
CAN I SAY THIS, UNIVERSITY AND POLYTECHNIC DICHOTOMY OR DISCRIMINATION IS ALL ABOUT LEGAL ISSUE.
THERE IS NO ONE THAT IS SUB STANDARD TO ANOTHER.
TALKING ABOUT THE ISSUE, WE HAVE ALL SORT OF UNIVERSITY PRODUCTS THAT CAN NOT WRITE A COMPREHENSIVE APPLICATION LETTER AND WHO IS NOT FIT TO EVEN HAVE SECONDARY SCHOOL CERT. FOR EXAMPLE. GO TO LASU, AND OTHER STATE SCHOOL. YOU WILL MARVEL. CERT. IN NIGERIA IS NOW CASH AND CARRY.
I PERSONALLY FOUGHT FOR THE CLAUSE WHEN I WAS STILL A STUDENTS, BUT SINCE YOU CAN 'T CLAP WITH ONE FINGER.I WAS WEIGHED DOWN BY THE THEN MEN THAT BE.
THANKS GOD HAVE BLOCK MY OWN LACUNA R . WHICH EVER THE ONE YOU WANT , I HAVE IT. GLORY BE TO GOD.
SO..... POLYTECHNIC IS NOT A SURROGATE TO UNIVERSITY. IT IS A MATTER OF CONSTITUTION.
SO. FOR THE PEOPLE CONCERN FIGHT FOR THE AMENDMENT AND YOU SHALL WIN.
BYE.

Well done.

olajide_07: Sorry they need 5 level credit passes including maths and english just like universities

You are current. Polytechnic entry qualification is the same as that of the university.

Em-my:
University is the ultimate anywhere in the world.
How do you eXpect the same treatment to be given to a roadside electrician & an HND electrical engineer because he is equally creative like him.
However, in dis era of globalization, it is true dat EFFICIENCY ought to be our prime goal.
But the core factors considered in renumeration are:
*lenth of training
*level of training

The descrimination will not stop until polytechnics operate at the level of uni.
For nw no poly is up to d standard of any uni, only yabatech is meagrely up a few uni.
Nt even auchi dat my bro graduated 4rm.
It is even self evident when JAMB & The Senate approves 180 cut off mark for uni & 160 for poly and odas.

your post stinks. And u're a university graduate. I'm not surprised at u not being able to understand and answer the simple chi-square statistics problem posted on a similar thread on NL. And u open ur mouth to insult polytechnics. U're just a disgrace to university graduates.

Em-my:
Let d uni set be U or £,
Let dose dat take alcohol be AC,
dose dat take cirgarette C,
dose who take neither be N and X those dat take both. . . . . .
So,
U = 1090
AC = 40+580 = 620
C = 200+580 = 780
N = 270
n(AC) n n(C) = 580
<prove 1090=620+780+270-580>
thus, there exist an association btw those dat takes cirgaratte and dose dat drinks;
such that 580 consumes both. . . .

Yes u got it there is an association btw smokers and those that drink. But that's not what they want u to find. U're required to perform a test of significance to know if there is actually a significant association btw smoking and drinking using the chi-squared test. Hope u know about "test of hypothesis?"

That's a good move. They need to work together to make kaduna a great place like lagos where both xtains and muslims live together as one. Let them begin a new way of life like the yorubas and together they can defeat boko haram members, and kaduna will be a peaceful place to live again.

Ihedinobi: What's a runaway engineer? Do you mean runway? Or that you are an apostate of engineering? lol
Operations research is one of the more intriguing parts of industrial engineering for me, but I'm not making any decisions about that till I have gone some substantial way with a training program in it.

Does O.R. work in nigeria? Just asking. It used to be my favorite back in school. Linear prog, network analysis, transportation, integer prog, simulation, inventory, etc. I've never done anything with O.R. before; just found myself teaching other people the same thing again.

But on a second thought, i think the polytechnic administrators are playing politics with the HND/Bsc discrimination thing. They don't employ HND graduates in the polytechnics as lecturers, they call them instructors. This is discrimination. If the Rector wants nigerians to believe him then he should change that policy in his institution first or better let them protest against it. Charity begins at home.

Jayjuice: Yeah i do...thanks...the whole statistics thing is new to me..its interestin tho..good to have gurus like u and alethia in tha house

Good one bro. Alethia is already one of my brothers in statistics now. You can personally contact me thru email any time u need clarification on anything in statistics, especially when i'm not logged on or active on nairaland. My email add is: ishmaelxy@yahoo.com.

Jayjuice: thanks alot..i really appreciate

Hope u now understand the concept of dependent and independent variables?

aletheia: You can download Epi Info from the cdc website here: There are 2 flavours - Epi Info 7 (latest one) and Epi Info 3.5.3. I suspect the one you are interested in is the 3.5.3 but you can take a look at the Epi Info 7 version which is smaller.

P.S. I 'll try an send an email later in the week. If you are in Abuja, we can collaborate.

ok thanx. I'm in abuja, but will be going to kd 2mrw. Send ur number to my box, i will try and call u.

Phartymah112: Statistic is a lot more mathematical and quantitative while economic isn't that mathematical in the undergraduate level.


Statistics is just pertaining to the collection,analysis,interpretation and presentation of data.
It forms basis tool in business and manufacturing as well.


Economics is not just about business,it touches every part of life,looking at how people value products.

Well,economics is just more competitive and challenging than statistics.
Buh few people are graduated as a statistian which may make them more demanding in the nearest future.

Very good explanation. This fellow has said it all in summary. That means if u're very good in mathematics u can go for statistics, but if u're an average maths person then economics is better for u.

aletheia: I started out using Epi Info and I teach in an annual workshop on Epi Info for medical doctors, but these days I usually only use it for data entry purposes. . .though I am now shifting to Epidata for data entry.
Which software specifically do you want me to send to you?

i need Epi info and cspro. I have some clients that want me to take them on it. Are u in nigeria or u're abroad? My email add is: ishmaelxy@yahoo.com Regards.

tapingil: pls nairalanders am a little confused as to which to study,either economics which people say is diverse or statistics which is also diverse. Pls wud like to knw which wud rily be a gud challange,fun to study nd bring out the best in a studnt...pls u cud add oda reasons too. Thanks

Both are good. Stats is in faculty of sciences while econs is in social sciences, that's the difference. But Econs is more flexible and has so many elements of statistics.

We have more cows in america and canada than nigeria, and i don't think they have herdsmen who move about with the cows. The ranch system is the best. Let our agric minister and govt help nigerians import these high breeds of cows from these developed countries that can be raised in ranches so that even ordinary people in the south can rear their own cows for beef. It's high time we stopped leaving the production of beef and hides & skin in the hands of the fulanis. The fulanis too need to embrace agric technology especially in the area of raising and rearing cattles.

aletheia: ^
Well, I have a Masters in Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Thanks for the compliment. I generally prefer using R and on occasion Stata and SAS.

Ah, that means u're a coding master. Stata and sas are similar, i've used them before too. Pls do u use Epi info? Do u have the software to send to me if it's not too bulky? I'm also a statistician, with Msc in view. Regards.

aletheia: ^
Taking it some few steps further:
Let's fit the regression equation in order to help Jayjuice. . .I usually use R for most of my statistical work so. . .these commands in R:

year=1:5
amount.per.year=c(1000,1300,1800,2000,2200)
eqn=lm(amount.per.year ~ year)
summary(eqn)

. . .will produce the following as part of the output:

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)   
(Intercept)   730.00     106.61   6.847  0.00638 **
year          310.00      32.15   9.644  0.00237 **

Recall the regression equation: y = a + bx where y is the dependent (or predicted) variable which in this case is Amount, a is the Intercept, and b is the slope or regression coefficient and x is the independent (or predictor) variable, which in this case is Year. Plugging in the highlighted values from the output above gives a regression equation:

                           y = 730.00 + 310.00*x

And so substituting the x=6 and x=7 respectively gives you your predicted amounts for years 6 and 7.

In R predicting for years 6 and 7 is sort of:

predict(eqn, as.data.frame(c(6:7)))

Though this technically is how it should read:

> year=append(year, 6:7)
> predict(eqn, as.data.frame(year))
   1    2    3    4    5    6    7 
1040 1350 1660 1970 2280 2590 2900

But bear in mind that strictly speaking. . .

Thanx for ur contributions too. I use R too, but i prefer spss and minitab most of the time for issues like these since i would not have to write any codes. Are u a statistician? statisticians are great and wonderful.

Jayjuice: yeah im ok with that thanks....i appreciate..but as for the linear equation,how can u differentiate ann independent var from a dependent var generally

An independent variable is any variable that can be used to estimate or predict the response (dependent) variable. In the problem u just presented, the independent var is X (year), which i have explained in the solution in my previous post. The dependent variable is the response variable that responds to changes in the independent variable X. In this regression problem, the response or dependent variable is Y (growth). Hope u understand me?

segun4christ: @ishmael, how am i goin to join NSA ??

Try using google, go to their site, u will see it there. Regards.

Jarus: Rauf Aregbesola: HND (Mech. Eng.) Ibadan Poly

Laffingg. Rugged governor.

Jayjuice: no problems man..thanks..i got the same answer as u,thanks alot

Hope u're ok with the Chi-sqr test problem?

Jayjuice: one last question mr ishmael..i have a problem identifying the dependent and independent variable in the regression question below...question: a motor produces
electric motor for power
valve in a construction
company. Thee plant manager
thinks the growth in sale will
continue and he wants to
develop a long range forcast
to be useed to plan facilities
requirement for the next 2
years.sales record for the
passt 5years have been
accumulated.
Yr amount
1 1000
2 1300
3 1800
4 2000
5 2200
a:identify the dependent and
independent variable
b:fit the regression line
c:estimate the sales for the
next 2 years...

This is not a regression problem in x and y per se, but a time series linear trend problem. The only difference btw the regression and time series linear trend is that the x represents some time periods like hour, day, month, year, etc. Hence in this problem the dependent variable is Amount, while the independent variable is the Year represented by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. U still follow the same mthd as the normal regression to fit the model Y = a + bx. Hope u understand? U can forecast for the next 2 years by substituting x=6 and x=7 respectively into ur model or equation. Regards.

Jayjuice: no problem..thanks

i have solved the problem but don't have a way to upload it now. The chi sq value is 341.59 and from table chi sq(0.05), with 1 df = 3.841. i hope i get a way to upload it for u to see the computations. Regards.

Jayjuice: "in a study to determine iff
there is an association
between alcohol consumption
and cigarette smokers a
researcher collected the
following data from 1090
respondent. Those who take
alcohol and
cigarette-580,those who take
alcohol only-40, those who
take cigarette only-200,and
those who take neither 270.
Is there any association
between them".........im supose
to usee the (o-e)2/e
formula,but im kinda
stuck...any help??

See u 2mrw morning.

Jayjuice: this is to be solved using the chi-square formula..i realy dont understand it....."in a study to determine iff
there is an association
between alcohol consumption
and cigarette smokers a
researcher collected the
following data from 1090
respondent. Those who take
alcohol and
cigarette-580,those who take
alcohol only-40, those who
take cigarette only-200,and
those who take neither 270.
Is there any association
between them".........im supose
to usee the (o-e)2/e
formula,but im kinda
stuck...any help??

Sleep dey worry me now, let's make it 2mrw pls.

Aarenaija: Please no dismissal. A few days in the cell will do. The arrest alone is enough humiliation for a good military officer.

Yot can't put an officer in the cell except if he is charged with treason or coup plotting. Even a 2/LT has that immunity not to talk of a colonel.

ijemomo: I don't support d call for d officers dismissal. Dt would b too harsh. I believe d military v a way of handling such misdemeanour!

U think say na so e easy to dismiss senior military officer lik dat? Someone with a presidential commission, to serve and protect nigeria after spending 5 years in NDA? Fashola should just be careful because soldiers are not in any way under him as a civilian. The only civilian they know is their C in C Presido GEJ, meaning he is the only civilian that the soldiers can take directives from, not even the defence minister.

The GOC will only call the colonel to his office and ask him to be careful with civilians in power, that's all. Senior officers enjoy some form of immunity in the military. If Fashola had filed a charge and taken the colonel that would have been a different thing cos he must obey court summon. But since it he did not and decided to report the matter to the GOC 81 Div, it means case closed. Do u think in the military a senior officer would disgrace another senior officer because of a mere traffic offence? Why won't senior military officers enjoy some previledges like using the BRT lane when the need arises, especially when they are on uniform? Of what use is the uniform and rank he's putting on? I am asking again, would Fashola do same to the GOC 81 Div or lagos state comm. of police? He is biting more than he can chew jo.

ikooko: i know that nothing will be done to the colonel but the good thing is that a strong signal has been sent to everyone about respect for law and orders.

You've said it all. The colonel enjoys some immunity for being a senior officer just like the governor enjoys some too. If it were the GOC or comm of police, what would the governor have done?

Army authorities will not sanction the colonel. He did not go against any military law. What would be his offence if he's to be court-marshalled according to the armed forces act? Do not be decieved by the army authority's statement. That case is as good as dead. The colonel is a senior officer and enjoys some immunity in the military.

not2long: Jama’atu Nasril Islam (JNI), the umbrella organization for Nigerian Muslims, today stated that there is a grand Christian conspiracy against the country’s Muslims.

The organization made the claim as a part of a reaction to rocket attacks on the Islamic School in Bukuru, Plateau State on Tuesday morning. The umbrella body said Muslims would leave everything to Almighty God.

JNI also asserted that Muslims were being killed around Gonin Gora, in Kaduna State, and accused the government of taking no cogent action at any level.

The group’s claims are contained in an email sent to SaharaReporters by its General Secretary, Khalid Abubakar Aliyu. The statement was titled “ROCKETS FIRED AT AN ISLAMIC SCHOOL IN JOS SOUTH L.G.C. OF PLATEAU STATE”.

The text of the statement is below:

“Following unfolding scenarios with respect to the rocket launching on the Muslim Community of Bukuru, in Plateau State by irate Christian community as reported to us, we make this release with pains and grief that such a thing is happening but [the] majority of media outfits in Nigeria and beyond are not airing it. It is manifest that there is [a] conspiracy of silence against Islam and the Muslims in Nigeria. However, we leave our affairs to Allah, the Most High.

“Nonetheless, we call on the Plateau State Government and by extension, the Federal Government under the auspices of JTF to be cautious and handle with utmost intelligence the issue of the 48 hour ultimatum given to the Fulanis to leave the Plateau. A second thought should be given to the matter and a more realistic and proactive mechanism that will ensure the protection of lives and properties (sic) on the Plateau should be aptly put in place, because with recent developments, there seems to be a deliberate attempt to expel the Muslims from the Plateau.
“Moreover, it is more apparent that the Gonin Gora settlement of Kaduna State has done more havoc to the Muslims in Nigeria and innocent travelers plying the road to and fro Abuja but regrettably, that has not called for any ultimatum to the suburb. Why the selective justice? Why are the Muslims in Nigeria manhandled. Why are the Muslims never given fear hearing in Nigeria?

“We make bold to say, that Nigerian Muslims are worried about unfolding happenings on the Plateau, Muslims are concerned about the killing of innocent lives at Gonin Gora and yet nothing practically seen ??done by any tier of government. In the light of all the aforesaid, we pray that Allah, the Most High will forgive those that lost their lives, and grant us peace and tranquility in Borno, Plateau, Yobe States and Nigeria at large.”

http://saharareporters.com/news-page/there%E2%80%99s-grand-christian-conspiracy-against-nigerian-muslims-jni-claims

Why not also report about innocent xtain travellers who get killed always in rigachikun and mararaban-jos areas on the zaria express way for balanced report?

AjanleKoko: Make up your mind. Is it equal to, or is it better?

The HND is as good as the university degree, therefore it's equivalent to the degree. HND seems better in terms of applied knowledge and skills.