MetaPhysical:


I told you we will clarify these points using simplistic steps. Weare getting there.

1 - You have admitted that Ife preceeded Oyo
2 - You admitted that Yoruba towns are first spiritually cleansed before settlement
3 - You admitted Priests do the cleansing.

I have never mentioned Ooni in the two questions I asked, all I have done is focused on land and priests and the relationship between the two.
I have not said anything about Ooni in my two questions.

The next question is Oyo Ile was walled. Ife was not and Ife came before it. Why was Oyo Ile walled and Ife, or any other Yoruba city was not?

LOL Ife was not walled. Did you read what you typed & posted?

If you are unable to visit Ife or ask Ife folks who are rooted in culture, you should at least find answers in literatures particularly those written by Ife authors. Eluyemi & Akinjogbin for instance.

Ife was walled, a part of the wall cutting off Ilesa was excavated last year by French govt. sponsored archeological fieldwork. Let us not put wrong info out there, I am still having to read Profs Babatunde Lawal & Siyan Oyeweso's works on Lagos among others before putting any thoughts or questions out on it.

Really, I'm done with the posts.

My points have been clearly stated, Ooni does not play any esoteric, spiritual, priestly or divine role of any kind. Anything Orisa, divine, esoteric, priestly or divine is under specific lineages of the 200 deities. The Ooni lineage [all ruling & exempt houses with royal backgrounds] is the only lineage without any kind of Orisa obligation or attachment in the whole of Ife.

Enjoy the week, Chief.

Shikena:

The Ooni never had any claim to any pan Yoruba leadership either. Even within the tiny confine of Ife, Modakeke was a big issue.

I said if we went by legitimacy of crowns. Abi your child that derives from you can be your head ni? No matter how wealthy or prominent your children might become, you are their source & their head.

Military achievement is widespread and should not be used as a yardstick. Ijebu, Egba, Owu, Igbomina, Ekiti & the great Ibadan had serious military exploits. In fact, Ibadan had far more reach & conquests than Oyo within modern day Yorubaland. Militant kingdoms rise & fall. The fall is where the importance ends not after it.

Modakeke issue is beyond what is in the public. Let us just say the mess was an attempt by those who seriously loath Ife and want to see it wiped off the face of the earth for whatever reasons. We have settled & we are one.

MetaPhysical:


Stop relaying someone else's thoughts. Think for yourself!

Do you believe that any land in Yoruba territory will ever be settled without first been cleansed spiritually and invocations to the ancestors are recited for their blessings and assistance to the land?

You will not find Yoruba live anywhere that has not first been sancretized and a shrine will be built for dedication to the prptective deities over such land.

A shrine is not a house...not just anybody show up to build a shrine. It is done by Priests.

The Priests that built shrines in Oyo Ile, where would they have come from?

Speak from your own intellect and not repeat what was written for you.

If you cant think independently then drop the argument.

Focus on those two questions i originally asked....stop the nonsense about bariba and owu and tapa.

1. Someone of a priest status would have attended to the land in Oyo Ile before settlelement. This is Yoruba philosophy.

2. Since Oyo was founded much after Ife, from where would the priests and shrine builders have been sourced to anoint Oyo Ile?

And the anointer of Oyo Ile was Ooni abi?

The history of town rituals is couched in Ifa & these rituals are often said to have been done by Babalawo, examples abound & Odu used to establish several Yoruba towns abound. Not one mentioned Ooni going to do rituals for any town.

What is certain is, neither you, not I & not even the Alaafin knows exactly what the creation of Oyo was like but what is clear is, at the time Oyo was founded Ife 1. Did not have or use Ooni 2. Ife was headed for a string of years by those who wanted it to remain as a confederacy 3. No Ooni does rituals, not even Oduduwa shrine is under his purview. All of these are facts & are still in operation here.

I've made my point clear in my 3 posts & I'm done here. Peace & blessings to you.

MetaPhysical:


We will resolve this in very simplistic steps.

Answer these questions -

1. In order of creation, history places Ife and Ooni ahead of Oyo and Alaafin.

2. Oyo Ile was a sacred city, and certain rituals would have been performed at its inception. Similarly, Alaafin would have been coronated and installed using certain rites.

Who were the priests that would be responsible for dedicating Oyo and as well authorising position of divine power on the coronated Alaafin? What was the origin of such priests?

You & I do not know if & what rituals were performed at the inception of Oyo.

And if Oranmiyan founded Oyo indeed then Ife history indicates that the rulership of Ife at the time of Oyo founding had gone back to those who strongly opposed the creation of Ife. As such, there was no way any 'Ooni' would have partook in the rituals of Oyo if that is your bullseye.

Oyo-Ife intermix began & ends with Oranmiyan. Oyo in its early years was a 'bitch' to Owu, Bariba & Tapa. It was getting chased around to form Kishi, Igboho & so on. With a chequred early history, the rituals & rites were homegrown deriving from the peculiarities of the experiences & geography. As we can see they have their homegrown Ogboni, Sango cult etc.

seunmsg:


The Ooni of Ife stool is the most superior royal stool in Yoruba land without any argument. However, as a result of empire building and military conquest, the Alaafin ruled over a very significant part of Yoruba land at a point in our history. During that period, the Ooni was recognized as the spiritual head while the Alaafin was the political/administrative head. So you see, both of them have a legitimate claim to Yoruba leadership.

As regards the Mayegun title, K1 is simply trying to promote the title beyond its relevance. He is the Mayegun of Oyo and not Mayegun of Yoruba land. The only title that cut across all Yoruba land is the “Aare Oona Kankan Ofo” title that is currently being held by Iba Gani Adams.

I don't get it. Everyone seem stuck on Oyo's military exploits & forgot Oyo was/is a conquered town that long lost its military medals to Ibadan. Oyo was not the first town to expand militarily & neither was it the only town that did. Owu was a first military power that Oyo paid tribute to, why do we not prop Olowu as Ooni's equals too?

Kingdoms rise & fall. The relevance of that rise remains within the period of the rise - not after. The present Oyo is a makeshift not the original. The present Oyo is an arrangement out of being conquered & dispersed. Abeg let us keep in mind that Oyo is a conquered group that long lost its military relevance. Alaafin has no claim to any pan Yoruba leadership except within Oyo dependent or originated towns.

And Aare Ona Kakanfo does not cut across Yorubaland. Except you meant Yorubaland in its original context of Oyoland.

MetaPhysical:


Alaafin is the political head of Yoruba.
Ooni is the spiritual head of Yoruba.

This has been covered several times.

In matters of divine spiritual worship and esoteric powers Ooni is first. In matters of military, politics and diplomatic relationships Alaafin is first.

The issue in Ekiti is political.

My oga, I do not know what premise this conclusion of yours is based upon but it is false.

The spiritual/political allotment was a short-term solution in the immediate post-colonial period for Oyo/Ife supremacy struggle in the pre-Osun state days.

Ooni does not play any spiritual, divine or esoteric role both in Ile-Ife or Yorubaland at large. Every esoteric matter in Ife is a prerogative & inheritance of the descendants of the deity concerned. Ko si eleyi to kan Ooni rara not even Oduduwa which is under the custody of Idio lineage headed by Obadio. Let us stop this misinformation, it makes no sense. Also Yoruba kings go to the agbo ile they derive from for sword of state not the Ooni, it is totally out of the purview of the Ooni. For instance, Alaafin & Oba Bini for instance go to Chief Eredunmi, Oranmiyan's chief-priest for sword of state. Ko kan Ooni at all.

Alaafin is the political head of Oyo & towns with Oyo origin mostly to the west of our landscape. We know those originally referred to as Yoruba & Alaafin arrogated headship of Yoruba to himself in the colonial times within the context of those who were Yoruba at the time.

Alaafin has too many seniors ahead to lay claim to any leadership of any rank among Yoruba Oba. And also the legitimacy of Oyo as a kingdom needs to be questioned considering the present was a makeshift & not the orginal that was already dead. The Oyo were a conquered and dispersed people. The Oyo of today is not the same as the Oyo of Katunga - it takes away that militancy, diplomacy & politics you have ascribed to Oyo. You should give all of those to Ibadan instead. Going by proper history, the Alaafin lacks any modicum of merit to all you have ascribed to him.

There are militant towns, Oyo was a tributary town to Owu till its collapse. Military exploits is not a yardstick for relevance. Ibadan posed threats to Oyo & in/directly insulted Alaafin at various points too. Ibadan held on to that military record till colonial era as such, matters bordering on military/diplomacy should be under the purview of Olubadan not any Alaafin.

Finally, if the legitimacy of the crowns of all Yoruba Oba come from the Ooni & the Ooni is at the center as the adhesive holding Yoruba kingdoms together as one before, during & after colonial era then he's the political head of Yorubaland.

You can download an European explorer's eye witness account of Fulani's exploits in the north here. The account describes the treachery, bloodletting & genocidal activities of the Fulani against the north while giving credit to Dan Fodio for attempting to build a kingdom for himself. The narrative also captured how the Hausa were enslaved by the Fulani; how the Hausa became totally helpless but one Hausa kingdom managed to raise a revolt that lasted a shortwhile. This account captured the Fulani conquest to Nyffe [Nupe] & Oyo after which Yoruba repelled them. Finally, it discusses how the Borno almost collapsed the Fulani empire. How the Sheik of Borno sacked Fulani occupied Hausa towns one by one. It is an interesting read. See link beow:

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/c84ekj17kc42uzo/AABsY4FhMBZjG4f5Hv59Mbq9a?dl=0

Newnas:


Firstly, modernization is a collective human effort. It isn't exclusive to the any region of the world. Are they the only ones that make research and innovation? And if you've been reading you would have learnt how algebra was invented by a Muslim mathematician; al-Khawaarizmi. Your jehova witness book; awake even documented it. Please read and save yourself sone shame.

Secondly, call it misic or whatever name you like, as long as there isn't instruments and it doesn't contain prohibited lyrics there's nothing bad in it. Otherwise, it's un-Islamic.

You are not very smart.
While modernisation is relative per-culture, a region of the world 'conquered' the world eons back & have gone to set a globally accepted minimum standard of what should be considered modernisation. Every part of the world is gearing towards that standard & you say modernisatio. Is not exclusive to a region of the world?

- Democracy
- Human rights for all
- Gender equality
- Liberalism
- Implementation of science & technology along western standards etc

All of these & more show that modernisation today is synonymous to westernisation.

You need to put that book containing Arabic folktale down & read proper books.

X

The OP merely romanticized Dan Fodio. For instance, saying he retired from war is mere simplification. Dan Fodio ran mad - he became mentally unstable and had to be resigned to indoors.

OROSUNBOLB:
The same old tactic ! Alimi was a fulani spy sent by the caliphate to infiltrate Yoruba land and report back his findings in preparation for eventual invasion and conquest agenda of the Fulani caliphate. He settled down in Ilorin at a time when the Oyo empire had been terribly weakened by so many unnecessary internal conflicts and disputes. The empire was at its lowest ebb.

Afonja,the generalissimo ( Aare ona kakanfo) was quite ambitious and very rebellious. He had stopped taking order from Alaafin Aole. Alimi,the Fulani man was aware of all these facts. He was quite aware of the strengths and military prowess of Afonja and his warriors. He knew that there was no way the Jammahs ( caliphate warriors) would invade Ilorin and conquer the seasoned and battle hardened Afonja and his men. He thereafter devised a way and became overnight friend of Afonja. He quickly won Afonja's trust and became his adviser !

Remember,Alimi was a Fulani military spy who disguised as an Islamic scholar in Ilorin. Having studied Afonja and his men, he realised there was no way the invading "jonmon" could overrun Ilorin. So he offered Afonja the most devilish advice that cost him his life. He advised Afonja to sack all his warriors that he would supply him with "able bodied men" for him to realise his ambition of forming his own empire independent of Oyo. This is the same advice the same Fulani people are offering us again today ! Amotekun !!

Long history cut short,Afonja sacked most of his men and he replaced them with Alimi's men- the jonmon ! At a point, the jonmon became quite troublesome and stopped taking orders from Afonja. They did whatever Alimi asked them to do or not to do. Prior to the invasion of Afonja's palace and his eventual dethronement and death, Alimi withdrew all Fulani warriors from the palace. Afonja was left with very few Yoruba warriors; he was exposed.

On the day of the palace invasion, Afonja's men were grossly outnumbered. The ratio was like 30 to 1! Afonja gathered his remaining Yoruba warriors in the palace and faced Alimi and his men. He and his men fought gallantly and was able push back Alimi and his men,several meters away from the palace, to the junction where he was eventually killed. Afonja was so brave that he fought and died on his feet such that the Fulani jonmon were even scared of touching his dead body.

Alaafin was aware of everything that was happening in Ilorin but refused to give orders to his war Generals stationed in Ibadan and its environs to assist and liberate Afonja. He already placed a curse on Afonja and his offsprings that they would be treated like strangers on their own land.

Alimi received orders from Gwandu,the then seat of the caliphate, to march southward and conquer other Yoruba towns and cities. Alimi's men met their waterloo at Osogbo (1840) where they were crushed and suffered heavy defeats in the hands of Oyo soldiers ably led by the Ibadan Generals. They locked down Ilorin for months and could have taken it back without any fight but the Alaafin refused to give order to that effect. He used that to punish Afonja for his rebellion. The closest town to Ilorin is Ganmo and the traditional ruler of that town is an Oba- not an emir. That shows that the Oyo soldiers could have taken over Ilorin if they had been given order to do so.

I am Yoruba,an Amotekun !


The descendants of bandit,land grabber and terrorist called Uthman Dan fodio should know that Yoruba people will always be a thousand and one miles ahead of them in all ramifications.

The brouhaha on the pages of newspapers and the internet is needless. If anybody truly wants to stop Amotekun, then they should be the guests of Ode Ibiles and the Agbekoyas in the deep forests of Oodua land. Please don't forget to come with your AK 47s and other assault rifles. It will give us the needed platform to demonstrate what we are capable of doing.

Amotekun is here and cannot be stopped by any bandit from the plateau of futa jalon in Guinea.

Amotekun ! Ogboju Ode,gbogbo ara kiki oogun !

Beautiful!
We however need to learn to differentiate Oyo from Ibadan. Ibadan was not founded by Oyo and neither is it peopled solely by folks of Oyo origins.
Ibadan is an agglomeration of people whose origins are from different Yoruba sub-groups. Ibadan is not Oyo and neither is Oyo Ibadan.

12Monkeys:
Number 20 is a big fcking lie.

Ibadan sprung up organically as an IDP refugee camp catering to fleeing Yorubas from across the empire owing to the Fulani invasion .

At a later point, yes but these fleeing groups came to a city founded & administered by the Ife & an admixture of non-Ife Yoruba led by Lagelu the first Maye.

MelesZenawi:


Edo can't be Edo.

Where did they come from?

Who are they?

History shows Edos are Yorubas.... because there is no how you will discuss the history of Edos without Yorubas...#Fact

History shows only the king & few chiefs are of Yoruba origins. Only a part of the political & art history of Edo ties with that of Yoruba. There's no need to appropriate.

MelesZenawi:
....

Olori pupupu.......

This pure land grabbing. When did Yorubas arrived delta state.

Also I didn't see Edo or Bini here which under full circumstances must be here.

Scholes you did a nice work here but add Edos/binis here. They are part of greater Yoruba tribe.


If Delta is there then ,Edo should be there and thus indisputable.

Make your research sound without fear of reaction.




Then all of you should think of when to move back to Benin republic and Togo.

Only the Bini monarchy & certain Bini chiefs have Yoruba origin. Before the Yoruba encounter, Edo folks existed & after the encounter, the Edo folks continued to exist. Edo is Edo, they're not Yoruba.

AworiLagosian:


Pls, this Ode-Usen / Ufe kekere that the Okitipupas claim they came from sounds cunningly similar to Usen town in Edo state. Funny enough, their Oba there is called Elawure. It is in Edo after Okada town or after Ifon/Okeluse.

Is it the same one?

Prof Ogen who I think is from that geographical space wrote a paper on your Q, you can DL it here: https://www.dropbox.com/s/xxodzeu2z5an63m/Exploring%20the%20Potential%20of%20Praise%20Poems%20for%20Historical%20Reconstruction%20among%20the%20Idepe-%20Ikale%20in%20Sout.pdf?dl=0

scholes0:
(21) Isheri Olofin - (Lagos) - Olofin Ogunfunminire.
(22) Esie - (kwara) - Baragbon.
(23) Ijero - (Ekiti) - Owa Ajero Ogbe.
(24) Sango Otta - (Ogun) - Osolo and Eleidi Atalabi.
(25) Igbesa - (Ogun) - Akeredun of Ife.
(26) Iperu Remo - (Ogun) - Akesan (a woman) and husband Ajagbe, both from Oyo-ile.
(27) Oke Igbo - (Ondo) - Derin Ologbenla.
(28) Ikire - (Osun) - Omoba Akinere of Ife.
(29) Ife Olukotun/Ife Yagba - (Kogi) - Ajalorun and wife: Iyewoyo.
(30) Ado - (Ekiti) - Awamaro.
(31) Esa Oke - (Osun) - Omiran Adebolu.
(32) Ilorin - (Kwara) - Ojo Isekuse.
(33) Ikorodu - (Ogun) - Oga from Remo land.
(34) Ebute ileki - (Lekki) - (Lagos) - Lootu son of Labolo, grandson of Oba Alara of Epe.
(35) Iragbiji - (Osun) - Sunkungbade.
(36) Ode Idepe (Okitipupa) - Ondo - Jegunyomi Abejoye from Ode Usen / Awure / Ufe kekere.
(37) Iwo (Osun) - Parin Olumade.
(38) Oyo (Oyo) - Omoba Oranmiyan Omoluabi.
(39) Igede Ekiti - (Ekiti) - Ake.
(40) Ishara remo - (Ogun) - Omoba Adeyemo Ode-omo of Ife.

(41) Iddo and Idumota - (Lagos) - Olofin Ogunfunminire from Ife.
(42) Ode Mahin, Ilaje - (Ondo) - Omoranpetu.
(43) Ikare-Akoko - (Ondo) - Ver I: Owa AgbaOde. Ver II: Batimehin.
(44) Ijebu-Ode - (Ogun) - Three brothers: Olu-iwa, Ajebu and Olode, from ife Oodaye.
(45) Iree (Osun) - Brothers: Arolu, Olaroye and Oyekun.
(46) Ureju - (Delta) - Ilaje fishermen from Itebu Manuwa, Atijere and Itebu Olero.
(47) Ila-Orangun - (Osun) - Fagbamila Ajagunla.
(48) Ikere - (Ekiti) - Aladeshelu.
(49) Ode Omu - (Osun) - Established in 1908 following civil unrest between ife and Modakeke to resettle the displaced.
(50) Ikole - (Ekiti) - Akinsale.
(51) Ejinrin - (Lagos) - Loofi.
(52) Ede - (Osun) - Timi Agbale Olofa ina.
(53) Omu-Aran - (Kwara) - Omoba Olomu-Aperan of ife.
(54) Ode Remo - (Ogun) - Obaloran from ilode, Iremo qts Ife.
(55) Ikirun - (Osun) - Akin'orun.
(56) Shaki - (Oyo) - Ogun.
(56) Isolo - (Lagos) - Osolo, son of Omoba Olofin of Ife.
(58) Ekinrin Adde - (Kogi) - Esein & Omoye from Ife. Had 4 sons: Gbede, Ogidi, Iyara and Adde, who were the progenitors of the Gbedde clan, Ogidi, Iyara & Ekinrin. All in Kogi. A section of town (obile) claims that the founder is a man: Akinrin from Ife.
(59) Ogidi - (Kogi) - See above post.
(60) Iyara - (Kogi) - See above post.

1. Not to resettle the displaced but to move & relocate the entire Modakeke settlers out of Ile-Ife. A window of opportunity for a lasting peace that was eventually ruined.

2. Obaloran is from Ilode quite alright but Ilode is not in Iremo. Ilode & Iremo are entirely different quarters.

X

x

X

I think the court should deal with cases such as this with kingmakers. In the sense that such a court order should be within the purview of king makers to implement, as it will give the whole process a traditional feel. If the kingmakers are a part of selecting kings then they should also be part of the removal process.

Anyway in the days of old, this king will be expected to commit suicide or migrate very far.

Kogi, please do not vote Yamayama Bello again. The disastrous first time was enough. Really prove that power indeed resides with the people & make Yamayama Bello realize this by voting the dumb useless guy the Bleep out!

budaatum:

UK meet tomorrow!

Nice!
What set are you, if it is OK to ask?

Topmaike007:
bro na school oo, I was there when they were repainting it and also changing one or two things at the ojú bo That's outside(that circle thing) closer to the entrance

Regardless of the academic or career development demands, e ma ha’le. The ipade omo ile is just one day in one month. The entire temple has been touched up. E ma ha ile!

budaatum:
Up School!

Founded 1855 though, so what you expect?

Up Bapt Acad!
There are a lot more prominent alumni. The records are in school & many of them do not participate in BAOSA activities enough/at all to be known.

Topmaike007:
I wasn't at home though, the festival was held around May

Yep. I was there this year & last year.
Eyin omo ile need to participate more to boost the place of Olokun in Ife. Walode cannot do it alone and certainly not with ara ita. E dabo, e ma ha’le.

Topmaike007:
lolz emo oríkì mi sha, agbolé olókùn ni mo ti wá óò

Yep I have attended your festival.

Topmaike007:
wow you're from orunto, nevertheless I am from walode in ilode

Owa Ilode!
Eyin omo Olokun ni ogbon Ilode.
I salute o.

Topmaike007:
wow, kí ni orúkọ agbolé yín óò

Orunto & Giesi [Agbedegbede ll]

Topmaike007:
yeah

Correct.

E nle n beeni o.
I’m from Ife too - good to meet you.

mystical109:
popular oga. Wale is popular. Who d hell is Okebukola

A professor who is the brain behind the establishment of many universities in Nigeria.

Topmaike007:
St John Catholic grammar school oke atan ile-ife..

Senator iyiola omisore
Senator BabaJide Omoworare
Dr Dele Asade also known as Asadel, the writer of A-Z in English

My father attended the same school. Are you from Ife too?

Lagos Baptist Academy has a whole lot of alumni spread across all sectors of Nigeria & around the world. Some of them are:

Mobolaji Bank Anthony

K.O. Mbadiwe

Ekundayo Opaleye Former military governor of ondo state.

Molade Okoya-Thomas

Olabisi Onabanjo first civilian Governor of Ogun State

Babatunde Kwaku Adadevoh

Horatio Agedah Nigerian lawyer and journalist

Ahmed Yerima
notable playwright

Wahab Dosunmu Politician and Senator

Michael Opeyemi Bamidele

Nigerian lawyer,human rights activist, member of 7th National Assembly

John Momoh
CEO of Channels TV

funsho Adeolu
award winning actor

Abisogun Leigh former vice chancellor of Lagos State University

Samuel Akintola former teacher at Baptist Academy

Kessington Adebutu a philanthropist also known as baba Ijebu of premier lotto.

Senator Dr. Wahab Dosunmu

Professor Abisogun Leigh, ex VC, LASU,

Prof. Alfred Susu – Professor of Chemical Engineering

Mr. Adeyemo, legal practitioner

Prof.Idowu Shobowale formerly of the faculty of Mass Communication, Lagos State University (LASU) and a former Honourable Commissioner in Lagos State Government.

Snr. Bode Lawal, the school boy soccer maestro. Bode Lawal actually was called to camp to play for the Nigerian National soccer team, even as a school boy. We also had Sunny Ineh, centre – forward for BAPTACAD soccer team who became a top Green Eagles international and prolific scorer for the stationery Stores team “The flaming flamingoes”.

Chief Bisi Onabanjo, the first civilian Governor of Ogun State

The Rhodes brothers Yinka and Shola (both of blessed memory)

Chief Nelson Horatio Agedah, the famous broadcaster and late of NNPC

Hon Justice Adewale Thompson, late Chief Judge of the Western Region

Engr. Ademola Thomas, former Federal Minister under Alhaji Sheu Shagari Administration (1979 – 1983)

Chief Moses Makinde, a 1950 graduate and first Nigeria Vice Chairman and managing Director of Nigerian Breweries, Iganmu

Professor Alfred Akpoveta Susu, 1959 class set and past Dean, Faculty of Engineering and head of Chemical Engineering of the University of Lagos (UNILAG), 1991 – 1995

J. Akin George, an Insurance magnate who was of the 1953 set, a professor of Law, former Dean of the Law Faculty of Unilag and ex Attorney – General and Commissioner for Justice, Lagos State.

Professor EKundayo Balogun, 1957 class set and a professor of Geophysical Sciences of the University of Ife.

Chief (Dr.) Molade Okoya – Thomas, a business magnate of repute. Chief Okoya Thomas is of the 1957 set, a Sportsman and sport philanthropist and administrator. He was a member of the Baptist Academy relay quarter that set a National record in the 4x220yards relay in 1955.