₦airaland Forum

EgunMogaji:
3rd paragraph under pad foundation is incomplete.

Sorry I missed this... I'll check now..

chubbyG:
1d) Strap foundation

Strap foundation isn't a unique type of foundation.. It's a combination of strip and pad foundation hence strap.

Thanks for the note... It's worth knowing

Hi All,

Please follow my latest article here >> https://www.nairaland.com/4351676/choosing-right-foundation-project-type#65115752

also contact me for your design & 3ds job...

Hi All,

Please follow my latest article here >> https://www.nairaland.com/4351676/choosing-right-foundation-project-type#65115752

also contact me for your design & 3ds job...

Hi All,

Please follow my latest article here >> https://www.nairaland.com/4351676/choosing-right-foundation-project-type#65115752

also contact me for your design & 3ds job...

eminemkayc:
It is not advisable to design isolated footings (pad foundations) on cohesive stratum (inclusive of loose silty sands) or soils with high plasticity index and penchant for long term consolidation as against your recommendations. Doing this would result to total settlement (in the case of single static/dynamic equipment foundations) or differential settlements (in framed/load bearing structures). These settlements as a result of future increments in vertical stresses would result to cracks on the super structure which portends danger for its inhabitants.
Prior to situating a pad foundation with a large bearing area on a weak soil with low angle of shearing resistance and potential for compression, its important to calculate the total settlement beneath the foundation and ensure that it is within limits before final decisions. These settlements include 1. Immediate settlement (confined elastic deformation of soil grains) 2. Consolidation/long term settlement and 3. creep settlement

Thanks for the contribution... Great.
If you noticed, I said before considering use of pad on weak soil - stabilization of the soil shd be done.

You wld agree that's a topic for another day as it's no small topic.

Hi All,

Please follow my latest article here >> https://www.nairaland.com/4351676/choosing-right-foundation-project-type#65115752

also contact me for your design & 3ds job...

MrHighSea:
Don't forget to explain that sometimes we might combine the footings.

Nice work. Esp for typing it/bringing it up here

It's my expertise but to come write thesis here is an "on-productive" task.

I've been writting for weeks ooh - took me almost a month - had to force myself to complete it today - its not easy..lol

YES - THERE MIGHT BE NEED TO COMBINE ONE OR TWO IF THE BUILDING REQUIRES IT...

MetroBaba1:
saydfact, are you a professional Builder?

An Architect and a site man

Wikipedia defines foundation as: A foundation (or, more commonly, base) is the element of an architectural structure which connects it to the ground, and transfers loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either shallow or deep.

It is advisable to know suitability of each types of foundation before deciding which best suit your design type and soil. We would discuss them briefly below:

Types of Foundation and their Uses

The following are different types of foundations used in construction:

1. Shallow foundation
* Strip foundation
* Pad or Individual footing foundation
* Raft or Mat foundation

2. Deep Foundation
* Pile foundation

We would only focus on the shallow foundation in our discussion here;

1a. Strip foundation

Strip footings are commonly found in load-bearing masonry construction, and act as a long strip that supports the weight of an entire wall. These are used where the building loads are carried by entire walls rather than isolated columns.

This type of foundations are used on good firm soils - and majorly for bungalows because the walls of this type of building are all load bearing walls (i.e transmitting load from the roof, down to the foundation).

[img]https://2.bp..com/-5ZMZ_cVthX8/WobIAiulryI/AAAAAAAADbQ/D4R5U17krIAPSyt6XVCUS0bNsD7otWfbwCLcBGAs/s320/strip_rein.gif[/img]

Looking at the pictures above, you would notice the ground in question is a either rocky or clayey, coupled with the fact we're building a bungalow.

Recommendation: If you have a strong, clay or rocky soil and you're building a residential bungalow on it - then the best foundation to use is a Strip Foundation, the rule however changes if you're building a warehouse (double volume) because there are less load bearing walls to support the roof above - this this case, the pad foundation (discussed below is the right foundation to use)

[img]https://4.bp..com/-7mep1G1ck9Q/WobINAqAYFI/AAAAAAAADbU/fz2q7uQ7bnE-lhFTIicAOao044nzkyI-wCLcBGAs/s320/strip2.jpg[/img]

Note: Strip foundation could be reinforced or plain (without reinforcement)

1b. Pad foundation

Pad foundations are used to support an individual point load such as that due to a structural column. This type of foundation has more to do with the type of structure rather than the type of soil. It could be used on both strong and weak soil, however unlike on strong soil, its use on weak soil requires stabilizing the soil before considering pad foundation.

Pad foundations are used for structures that transmit load to the foundation via columns - and are used for warehouses, workshops, and framed structures (in this cases, the block-walls are NOT load bearing) all load are transmitted through columns or a combination of columns and beams.

[img]https://4.bp..com/-qiRqyD0SJbo/WobIdWeQlwI/AAAAAAAADbY/a8QzxbcuYJ8L1jPBQhwAMZ_LGaP7cS1ZwCLcBGAs/s320/pad.jpg[/img]

Recommendation: If you're building a warehouse, workshop or structures that have limited of no wall partition, then this is the foundation to use - It can be used on strong and weak soil. One weak soil, the soil has to be stabilized and left to settle / rammed mechanically before the pad can be used. The size of the pad foundation and columns are determined by

In good soil areas and for storey buildings, a combination of strip and pad foundation can be used to reduce cost, or pad foundation could be used (solely) where the storey building is a frame structure.

The columns on pad foundation could be made of concrete or structural steel (below pics shows a structural steel on pad foundation)

[img]https://1.bp..com/-pKbm1pN3_g0/WobInRoxnNI/AAAAAAAADbg/w6SRl8t97ZI3sB9L-an2Qqzc5EBBnMBAgCLcBGAs/s320/pad2.png[/img]

[img]https://4.bp..com/-D9gxbI1ktFU/WobLq2A-gOI/AAAAAAAADcA/7wTdm3Mo3A43YUlwekpVVvJkV0fZDoW4gCLcBGAs/s320/pad3.jpg[/img]

1c. Raft foundation

A raft foundation is a reinforced concrete slab under the whole of a building. i.e 'floating' on the ground as a raft floats on water. Raft foundation are used on swampy, waterlogged or sandy (collapsible) soil. This type of foundation spreads the load from a structure over a large area.

[img]https://3.bp..com/-iFVvnmXt5yE/WobJA9Q5NqI/AAAAAAAADbk/CiQm4Fw6M8c2TQe5IrrWUNDgwaCtEXpEQCLcBGAs/s320/raft%2B1.jpg[/img]

It is also used for basement floors even in strong soil with a retaining (concrete) wall around it.

Recommendation: If you're building a bungalow, 1 storey or 2 storey structure on a weak soil, then raft foundation is the foundation to use. They are generally constructed on a compacted (hardcore) base for best results and a layer of 50mm weak concrete (blinding) laid to allow a level surface for forming of the raft.

[img]https://2.bp..com/-BG3AfNc1mEU/WobJHyv3trI/AAAAAAAADbw/Y71jdYza--8WI6VyUuGWk6Qr6wRhQh0HQCLcBGAs/s320/raft2.jpg[/img]

[img]https://1.bp..com/-n3OhZok44JA/WobJHtp7MoI/AAAAAAAADbs/MzAGu7giRWkTo4EEfpoZPy40weP1Nd4cACLcBGAs/s320/raft3.jpg[/img]

2. Pile foundation

Pile foundations are principally used to transfer the loads from superstructures, through weak, compressible strata or water onto stronger, more compact, less compressible and stiffer soil or rock at depth.

[img]https://4.bp..com/-FUl04G9BodY/WobMfqW5TBI/AAAAAAAADcM/wBTcU9W5ussNiAle4hvl_pOEH3ZpH5naACLcBGAs/s320/pile1.jpg[/img]

[img]https://2.bp..com/-9tfM3q7ybjw/WobMfkIG9RI/AAAAAAAADcI/ZE8gVWALcMUKLqj6cm-x7BO96Gcqgk5aQCLcBGAs/s320/pile2.jpg[/img]

In whatever type of foundation used, waterproofing membrane should be considered.

Disclaimer: Pictures used for this reports are random pictures gotten from the internet, we do not claim ownership.

Thanks....

source: https://constructionfactz..com.ng/2018/02/choosing-right-foundation-for-that.html

Happy Birthday lala

chai

which kind news person no go read for this world...

Sony Ericsson

great work you've got going....

poor lie

we knew Davido b4 his dad, unlike DJ Cuppy whose dad came first

THANK God for safety

great work.. kudos

congrats ...

congrats -

Wagasigiungu:
When i clicked to open this thread on FP, i initially thought it was ur thread ( https://www.nairaland.com/4191428/how-calculate-how-many-blocks ) that had finally landed in the promised land, but alas!!!

Keep up the good work sir, we are following bumper to bumper. Your threads are indeed very helpful and informative.

Thanks l'll drop the roof calculations soon.... I'm encouraged to.

I appreciate

On point OP.. To reduce figures, you can use meters where 8,400mm = 8.4m and 225mm =. 225m

twinskenny:
i read all the comment from page 0 to page 2.. you answer all with great professinalism and also u show that you are willing to learn i believe you will go far.. kudos


we do electrical installations.. in case

check our thread and blogs for work pictures

http://twinskenny..com.ng/

https://www.nairaland.com/4267292/2017-projects-review-pictures-electrical

Thanks for the good words.. I'll check out your profile definitely.. Appreciate

After the concrete raft foundation we added a course of block to further increase the height from N.G.L (Before German Floor)

Progress Report Pics Attached.

Archangel01

if you work 365 outta 365 days this year, you won't be the one doing the work next year -

take the first job and run away from the 2nd asap

Rubbiish:
U are welcome sir...

Dembuk is a 'ma' not sir

Dembuk2009:
Thanks to everyone for the input...
@Rubbish, tuale

@ saydfact, u are a man of ur words and what I have learnt from u is how to keep to time and never put money first!!?
May almighty God open more doors for u as u have made dis project seem simple

Thanks Ma - But I could have been richer if to say I dey collect money first ma - a lot of people end up owing or never paying up...

I appreciate ma - I lost the pics on filling (present stage of work) I would have uploaded it.

God Bless You Ma...

.

great

tell them oohh .. lol