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PropertiesRe: From your Annual Rent, Do You Bother To Calculate How Much You Pay Per Month? by RedboneSmith(m): 11:57am On Aug 03, 2024
essentialone:
Can there ever be a Peaceful Protest in Nigeria?
As far as Nigeria is concerned, protests are by and large peaceful, until the government sends in paid thugs.
European Football (EPL, UEFA, La Liga)Re: EPL Chatroom - All Discussions by RedboneSmith(m): 10:49am On Jul 28, 2024
larride:
Apart from Alaafin Majeogbe, he forced the first 3 to commit suicide. He directly killed Alaafin Majeogbe but unlike the movie, it was one of Majeogbe soldiers that hit him with a charm belt that paralyzed him (some other account says it was princess Agbonyi lover that hit him with the charm)

Ga'a did beg for his life in Alaafin Abiodun palace because before killing the Alaafin daughter for that ritual, he actually didnt really interfere in Alaafin Abiodun government.

The film isn't fiction, just that there was some misinterpretation here and there. Ga'a was skinned alive by the people in the real life story but the producer changed it to burnt alive.
Johnson (1920) recorded that he was burnt alive. Akintoye (2010) said he was either burnt alive or cut into pieces. Others are saying he was skinned alive. I believe of all the accounts, Johnson is probably more likely to be true since he wrote his account closer to the time the event happened.

Anyway, no one can know for sure. The producers chose to go with the earliest recorded account.
CultureRe: How The Nupes Invaded And Conquered The Oyo Empire In 1535 - Lawyer by RedboneSmith(m): 1:12pm On Jul 27, 2024
NLCreator:
https://x.com/egi_nupe___/status/1817068482950832290?s=19[/quote]That the Nupe conquered Oyo at a point doesn't mean they couldn't have lost a war to Oyo at another point. The mighty Romans lost a battle disgracefully to Germanic tribesmen in Teutoburg forest. The British were humiliated by the Zulus at Isandlwana. Anyone can lose a war/battle. So this particular criticism doesn't quite stick - it seems like your ethnic pride was (understandably?) hurt. Unfortunately, your emotions don't qualify as valid criticism.

I think I agree that the Nupe girl could have been given an ethnic Nupe name, rather than an Arabic one. The same way I felt the Igala prince in the movie 'Amina' could have been given an ethnic Igala name, rather than Danjuma, an Hausa name. But I'm sure Arabic names were not very out of place in mid-18th-century Nupeland. So a Nupe girl called Zeinab isn't as far-fetched in the 18th century as an Igala man called called Danjuma in the 16th century!

But I wish the scriptwriters had made the Oyo people to call her Seenabu in agreement with Oyo-Yoruba phonology. That would have been more authentic than making 18th century Oyo people articulate 'z' when we know they couldn't.
Culture'house Of Ga'a', The Movie And Historical Problems by RedboneSmith(op): 12:29pm On Jul 27, 2024
If you haven't seen this film on Netflix, you should. And when you do, watch it in Yoruba (even if you don't understand the language) and turn on the English subtitles. The English voice-over takes away from the quality.

It tells the story of Bashorun Ga'a, an ambitious Prime Minister of Oyo in the 18th century who wielded power over and above the Alaafins themselves until he went too far and was liquidated along with his family. There were however some historical inconsistencies and anachronisms in the movie that were hard for a history nerd to ignore.

1. A number of times, the ruler of Nupe was called 'emir' in the film. Note that this film is set the 18th century, many many decades before the jihad. So where did the emir title come from? Even after the jihad, the Nupe continued to use the title Etsu for their rulers. To the Yoruba, the ruler of Nupe was known as Elempe. I would have expected them to use this title (Elempe), and not the modern term emir, which was introduced to our politics in the 20th century by the colonialists.

2. When Ga'a was making his relatives ilaris [should have been ajeles, but what do I know?], he named one the Ilari of Egbaland and named another one the Ilari of Ibadan. But in the 18th century, Ibadan was a small Egba village. Why would you have an Ilari for the Egbas and have another one for a small Egba village? It's like having a governor for Lagos State and having another governor for Okota. Apparently, whoever wrote the script mixed up 19th-century Ibadan (which was a large non-Egba city-state with a sprawling territory) with 18th-century Ibadan (which was an insignificant Egba village).

3. I don't understand why they changed Ojo Agunbambaru's storyline. The historical Ojo Agunbambaru was one of the few sons of Ga'a to escape the massacre, and he fled to Borgu. In the film however, Ojo Agunbambaru (played by Teddy A) was among those massacred. If this was artistic license, I don't see the purpose it served.

Instead of Ojo being the one who escaped, the film showed another son (Oyemekun) as being the one who escaped. But he didn't flee to Borgu. He fled to Ilorin. Why would someone wanted at Oyo flee to Ilorin in the 18th century, when Ilorin at that time was firmly under Oyo control? Not only was Ilorin firmly under Oyo at the time, but the Baale of Ilorin, Pasin, had taken part in the massacre of Ga'a's family. Why would a son of Ga'a now be running for safety to an Ilorin that had taken part in destroying his family?

And why was 18th-century Ilorin depicted as already being (in appearance, at least) Muslim, with all the men wearing turbans and the ruler of Ilorin himself (played by Ali Nuhu) decked in full Muslim garb? Pasin was not a Muslim, and neither were his descendants Alagbin and Afonja. While there were already Muslims at this time in Oyo towns and in Ilorin, they were definitely a minority, consisting largely of foreign elements and some Oyo traders. The Muslim element in Ilorin only became significant at the turn of the 19th century when Afonja broke away from the empire, and invited all Muslims in the provinces to come under his banner. So again here, it is clear that the script writers were using material more relevant to Ilorin in the post-Afonja period (from the 1820s) than to 18th-century ilorin.

NB: There are a few other things that could have been done differently. For one, I wish the depiction of Oyo-Ile had reflected the city's size at its height in the 18th century, with its high solid city walls, the Akesan market, and the large tall gables of the Alaafin's court. But understandably, there were probably budget restrictions.

All in all, the movie gets a solid 7 from me, and Bolanle Austen-Peters deserves accolades, for this and for the Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti film . The spate of historical movies from Nollywood of late is a very welcome development. Hopefully more will be made, and their quality will increase with each one.
CultureRe: A Biography Of Obi Engr Nduka, Obi Of Issele-uku by RedboneSmith(m): 11:34pm On Jul 26, 2024
Which one is Obi Engr? Royal fathers should stop this ridiculous practice of using the royal designation side by side with professional titles. A king is on a whole other level. Which one is "Igwe Professor", "Obi Pharm" "Oba Dr". How e dey sound for una ear?
CultureRe: Yorubas Are Moors by RedboneSmith(m): 1:27pm On Jul 25, 2024
[quote author=Obalufon post=131081554][/quote]This is not true. Morocco and the rest of North Africa have been occupied by brown to olive-complexioned people for a very long time. The old kingdom of Mauretania (not to be confused with the modern country of Mauritania) existed in what is now Morocco, centuries before the Arabs and the Turks came to North Africa.

In the picture below, you'll see the head of King Bogud, a king of Mauretania. Does he look like a 'black man' to you?

CultureRe: Precolonial View Of Tribes And Languages: The "Delta Igbo" Debate by RedboneSmith(m): 11:53pm On Jul 20, 2024
clefstone:
Do we speak Igbo language? Yes our language is undoubtedly a dialect of Igbo. Do we bear Igbo names? Yes, since our language is Igboid, we surely bear names that are Igbo. Are we Igbos? An emphatic NO!
Interesting take. So you would have no problem with Ukwuani-Aboh being described as "Igbo-speaking people". What you reject is being called "Igbo people".
CultureRe: Why Are The Igbos And Yorubas Attacking Each Other On Nairaland by RedboneSmith(m): 12:02pm On Jul 13, 2024
MightySparrow:
They are playmates.
I have never read anywhere where igbos and Yorubas fight physically like what we have in Ibadan and Kétu markets between Hausa and Yorubas
Y'all think it's all fun and games, but we are actually going in the direction where Ìgbò and Yoruba will soon be shedding each other's blood on the streets.

I don't know how you people don't see that the Yoruba-Igbo fight has gone beyond banter, especially in the aftermath of the last election. Violence will follow sooner or later, if Y'all don't snap out of it.
CultureRe: Why Are The Igbos And Yorubas Attacking Each Other On Nairaland by RedboneSmith(m): 11:55am On Jul 13, 2024
Because most Nigerians, without realising it, are pawns of political opportunists who stand to gain by pitting people against one another.

The hate doesn't have much substance to it. In many places across the south today, Igbos are marrying Yorubas.

But there are unscrupulous people behind the scenes and even in plain view churning out narratives and fomenting hate, and pinheads who can't think for themselves are buying into it.
CultureRe: Ikwerres Deny Ancestral Affiliation With South-East by RedboneSmith(m): 6:47pm On Jul 07, 2024
herich:
Africans were colonized by Europeans, so bearing and speaking European languages is understandable.
Did Igbos also colonize ikwerre people?
They never have an answer for this question.
CultureRe: Ooni Of Ife Comes Under Fire For Exchanging Pleasantries A Davido’s Wedding by RedboneSmith(m): 4:17pm On Jul 01, 2024
The days are gone when kings in Africa locked themselves up in their palaces and forfeited all social life. If you yearn for those days, build a time machine and go back to 1770. But allow this modern vibrant man (who is still young) to live a normal life!
CultureRe: Sharia Court Orders Christian Family To Convert To Islam by RedboneSmith(m): 4:03pm On Jul 01, 2024
So when they get to the passage in the Quran that says "there is no compulsion in religion", they close their eyes and skip it.

Religious fundamentalism is worse than cancer.
TravelRe: Travel Section Needs A Moderator by RedboneSmith(m): 5:45pm On Jun 28, 2024
Seun:
I will make my decision on who will assist justwise from the people who have applied so far. Thanks so much.
Look into the culture section as well. There is no active moderator there. The last time any moderator was sighted there was nearly a year ago.
CultureRe: The Farce Called Mansa Musa by RedboneSmith(m): 7:36pm On Jun 18, 2024
9JAMac10:
Your man Mansa Musa was given to you by the whites to boost your esteem. An adult still belonging in fairytales. You are ignorant
You stupeed. No others words, just that: you're stupeed.
CultureRe: The Farce Called Mansa Musa by RedboneSmith(m): 10:51am On Jun 18, 2024
9JAMac10:
I think Mansa Musa was a creation by white people to make blacks and Africans have some sort of self esteem even the stories of the Alleged Mansa Musa seem fabricated. Why is Africa the only continent with a great past and not so great present and future . Mansa Musa story is an absolute joke
Some of you are as stvpeed and ignorant as fvck. The history of Mansa Musa that has come down to us don't come from white people. They come from history documented both orally by Mande griots and in writing by West African scholars in pre-colonial times. They also come from Arab travelers and Middle Eastern intellectuals who actually met Mansa Musa during his hajj. Go and look for the books "Tarikh al-Sudan" and "Tarikh al-fattash", both of which were written in the pre-colonial era by intellectuals based in Timbuktu.

Take your ignorant butt off the net and get some education.
CultureRe: Yorubas Are Moors by RedboneSmith(m): 10:54am On Jun 16, 2024
Sladem05:
Yeah, The Moors weren’t Black. Afrocentrism is desperation.
Moors were not racially homogenous. They were a mixed horde of Berbers, Arabs and some black Africans. The black Africans were largely from Mauritania and the parts of Senegal bordering Mauritania. Some were also from the black minority group called Gnawa in Morocco.
CultureRe: Unraveling The Political Structure Of The Hausa Empire by RedboneSmith(m): 10:01am On May 30, 2024
Hausa Empire? When did the Hausa have an empire - or are you referring to the Sokoto Caliphate, which was/is a Fulani Empire?

The Hausa lived in city-states, never coalescing into a single kingdom, let alone creating an empire.
CultureRe: Ancient Benin: Was It A City, A Kingdom Or An Empire.) by RedboneSmith(m): 9:50am On May 23, 2024
Ghostagain:
Indeed Cesar made himself king but since kingship was not popular, he created the title emperor for himself. So he was emperor, not king, while in reality it was the same thing.
Stick to posting old maps. When you try to actually discuss history, your gaping ignorance becomes embarrassingly obvious.

Just be posting your maps and leave the actual discussion.
CultureRe: Peter Obi Paying His Condolences To Late Jnr Pope Family by RedboneSmith(m): 7:27pm On May 19, 2024
yarimo:
But he can't go to Kano state and condole with the late actress family that died abi undecided undecided
Is he some kind of minister of condolence visits? You people act like it is a duty he owes every bereaved Nigerian family. Man is a private citizen ffs!
EducationRe: 30-Year-Old Teacher, Rebecca Joynes, Guilty Of Sex With 2 Schoolboys by RedboneSmith(m): 6:42am On May 19, 2024
Omoawoke:
Whites have some kind of mental disorder that scientists haven’t figured out
You think there are no grown women taking advantage of underaged boys in Nigeria? Be playing.
EducationRe: 30-Year-Old Teacher, Rebecca Joynes, Guilty Of Sex With 2 Schoolboys by RedboneSmith(m): 6:30am On May 19, 2024
The women in these stories are always good-looking or at least very decent-looking. So the problem is not that they couldn’t get grown men to show sexual interest in them.

Some psychological issue is definitely at play in these incidents.
CultureRe: Ndị Ọcha Ga-asụrịrị Igbo Taa — Nwaafọ Anambra Bi Philippines by RedboneSmith(m): 2:37pm On May 13, 2024
Abeg, make una no dey call every non-black person 'ndi ocha'. If you are not of European descent, you are not onye ocha anything.

Inukwa calling Filipinos ndi ocha. grin grin grin grin
CultureRe: The Power The Oba Of Benin Wield In The Past by RedboneSmith(m):
jellea:
I replied the way i did because of how you replied me. You did not give any reasons why it should not be Eze NRI. You said "abeg dont add igbo to this Benin and Yoruba matter" what kind of statement is that?

Igbo stock are the oldest in this region. So why do you always bring up your Ife of yesterday?? its very appalling. It is not Attah of Igala because Eze Nri also crowns Attah of Igala, just like he does with Benin Kings. Your stinking superiority complex will never allow you to read anything about Eze Nri. Ogane ins benin is a title. it means the great one. it is not specific to anyone. any king can be referred to as the great one. Ask beinn people about this. Why did your yoruba fake writers in the later version made sure to write ogane na uhe? when it was not mentioned in the first account. it is very embarassing and thats why im calling you guys out. Beside note that europeans were always trying to attribute any discovery to themselves. they will find a way to shift it to ife and befor you know it, they will shift it to mali, and from there to the arabs. thats how you will lose what you invented in africa. they used lots of yoruba writies to do this. also they told nri people that they are from Israel juts to discredit how old there civilization was.

Also reread the direct word from the author. He said Inhabitants of this region (he is talking about multiple sources). Im sure he himself wanted to make sure the direction each person he asked the question was right, therefore he kept asking different people he met in Benin at the time of the report.

I did not just conclude that its Eze Nri, rather I used igbo calendar days (moon calendar) to decipher this. Many Igbo researcher don't really care about this statement. If they did, they will even prove this beyond what i said. Even there is Igbo house in Ile ife meaning that Eze Nri may have done similar thing in the past there. Also Eze Nri himself said they perform this religious task for Benin in the past. Ask yourself where the so called founder of Benin died? where do they pay homage? obviously not Nri, but its in these same area and not to the west of Benin.

If it was not Ezeh Nri, then why do Benin still practice Nri culture of four market days, as well as Igala. You can deny and rewrite history as you want but the traces will there.

Oromiyan conquered both benin and Ife. yoruba its not from this area. They migrated from West. thats why you have huge number of them outside Nigeria borders. They got to Ife through war. thats why the name doesnt sound yoruba but rather igbo/igala. the further you go west, the more the language of yoruba is more prominent, proving that they only corrupted the language of those to the east of them.

in fact benin original language is like that of those from igbanke and anioma. politics is very bad. first is they start to add letters to there word and will keep pronouncing it differently. but if you breakdown the words, you will be shocked at what is going on. igbanke name for instance was igbo akiri. ibuzo was igbo bi na uzo.. even we are witnesing this first hand from ikwere just after the war in 1970. they started adding R prefix to all there words. umu changed to rumu.

its very annoying because i dont understand why people like to falsify history. and the young ones are falling for it. you dont have to be igbo because not everyone called igbo is actually igbo. igbo is jus ta general name for the group.. it doesnt mean they share same ancestor. benin,ibibio, igala and igbo are same group of people. but yoruba and ijaw are different from them, but dont allow people change your own history for peanut. Benin mornach is of yoruba, but the people are not. although oromiyan arrived with his amry from ife and they settled there. also benin had lots of slave villages. lots of immigrant there
You are still assuming I am Yoruba when I'm not. That reflects a defect in the way you think. "He believes the Ooni is the most likely candidate for the Ogane, therefore he must be Yoruba."

When you are ready to address the bronze works from Benin representing the Ogane’s ambassadors with Yoruba-like facial scarification, let me know. Not interested in this long-winded and deflective response.

Toodles. ✌🏽
CultureRe: The Power The Oba Of Benin Wield In The Past by RedboneSmith(m): 12:16pm On May 07, 2024
jellea:
r
typical response of Yoruba man. Even Eze Nri does same to Attah Igala. The story is very clear. Remember, not just one person said this to the Portuguese. It says the inhabitant of this region (multiple sources of people living in Benin at the time).

And why was Ife not mentioned in the statement? I just proved to you that it was Nri king. History of benin and ife is about Oromiyan conquest of Igodomidogo. Its not Yoruba history. Its between Ife and Benin.

And you dont even bother to read about Eze Nris and what they do. They are spiritual leaders. They never conquered a land. It was always peaceful. many of these lies you guys portray will be exposed once more Igbo people start taking history serious.

I don't really want to tribalistic because at the end we are all one big family, but Yorubas like to change history. In the later articles, they try to find a way to insert ogane na uhe. Something that was never mentioned.

the igodomidogo, igalas and nri igbos are from one family. they are same people
Which one is typical response of a Yoruba man? Are you one of those people here who assign ethnicities to people who disagree with your viewpoint because you don’t believe people are capable of being objective?

Is there any form of evidence you can advance for the “Ogane” being the Eze Nri, other than the reference to the east by two (not many, as you claim) Portuguese writers? If we are to take the Portuguese allusions to “east” as being literally accurate, is Nri the only important centre of culture and ritual east of Benin? Is Idah not east of Benin? Was it not also an important centre of culture, ritual and influence? And did not some historians actually postulate that the Ogane may have been the Attah? (I don’t think he was, but that’s not the point - the point is that the Eze Nri doesn’t necessarily fit the bill by being east of Benin.)

We actually have bronze works made by the Benin that represent the ambassadors sent by the Ogane to Benin. They all have cross pendants on their necks. Cross pendants are mentioned in the Portuguese writings and are linked with the Ogane. The ambassadors also have tribal marks which are similar to tribal marks found among some Okun-Yoruba groups.

See a representation of one of Ogane’s ambassadors here. Note the cross on his neck, which were alluded to several times by the Portuguese in relation to the Ogane. Does this look like an Nri man to you? Did any Igbo group ever use this type of facial marking?

CultureRe: The Power The Oba Of Benin Wield In The Past by RedboneSmith(m): 9:09am On May 07, 2024
jellea:
After thorough research, it appears that the Portuguese accounts likely referred to Eze NRI rather than Ile Ife. Initially, the narrative specifies that the journey was 20 moons walking days to the East of Benin. This calculation is straightforward; 20 moon days equate to 24 hours multiplied by 20 days. Additionally, considering they wouldn't be walking continuously, an estimated walking day might involve around 10 hours of travel before resting. Thus, the distance covered to the East amounts to 20 days multiplied by 10 hours of walking per day, resulting in approximately 200 km. Confirming this, a check on Google Maps reveals that the walking distance between Benin City and Nri ranges from 197 km to 207 km depending on the chosen route.

Interestingly, the distance from Benin to Ile Ife is also similar. However, Ile Ife is not situated to the East of Benin but rather to the North-West, unlike Nri, which lies exactly to the East of Benin city. Moreover, the article in question focused on a spiritual leader rather than a political figure, drawing comparisons to the Pope. Later European observers noted Nri's spiritual influence over numerous kingdoms, emphasizing their mutual independence rather than subordination to one another. This understanding is widespread in the Anambra region regarding Nri's spiritual sway, characterized by a lack of political conquests and a commitment to maintaining autonomy.

Based on this research, one could conclude that any community practicing Nri culture might be considered part of the Nri kingdom, as in ancient times, they saw themselves as unified under Nri's spiritual leadership.

Lastly, regarding the orientation of maps, it's worth noting that prior to the age of discovery, maps were commonly depicted with South at the top, following the conventions of ancient civilizations like the Egyptians. However, during the European age of discovery, maps were reoriented with North at the top, reflecting the dominance and perspective of European explorers. Through my research, it becomes evident that by this time, the Portuguese were indeed using maps with the North at the top, aligned with the current convention.
Abeg, don’t rope the Igbo into this Yoruba-Benin mess. We are already dealing with a lot in this country as it is. Nri is not the only centre of influence located east of Benin. Idah is also east of Benin, and in fact there are a few scholars that have suggested the Ata Igala at Idah as a possible candidate for the “Ogane” ( for example, Thornton).

The Ooni of Ife in my opinion remains the most likely candidate - the reference by the Portuguese to an eastern location could be the result of communication barrier between the Europeans and their Edo informants.
CultureRe: Biracial: What Could Be The Reason For Fair Complexion Among The Igbos? by RedboneSmith(m): 5:53pm On May 04, 2024
Simbrixton:
igbos have h1b1 DNA which is similar to the Portuguese according to a lot of phd papers i have seen
Would it be too much to ask you to share a link or two to those papers, or provide the name of a scholar that has done work in that regard so we can check out their work?

A research published in 2010 by Ottoni et al. shows Nigerian groups do not have the h1 haplogroup. The people in Africa who have h1 are North Africans, and it is thought to have been introduced there by immigrants from Iberia (Spain-Portugal) in prehistoric times.

Southern Nigerians including Igbos don't have this haplogroup. But if you can cite a scientist that found haplogroup h1 among Igbos, I am open to being convinced.
CultureRe: Biracial: What Could Be The Reason For Fair Complexion Among The Igbos? by RedboneSmith(m): 10:58am On May 04, 2024
Simbrixton:
It was mainly the Portuguese sleeping with igbo women just like they did in cape verde
The Portuguese did not have direct access to Igboland. The Ijaw, the Efik and other coastal people were in the way. If there was any mixing going on in the Portuguese period, it was between the Portuguese and such people as the Ijaw, the Efik, the Itsekiri, the coastal Yoruba (Awori and co) and the Benin.
CultureRe: Gods Of Igbo Culture by RedboneSmith(m):
In this 2021, someone using internet and who claims to be literate is still carrying pictures of caricatures around. Just carved out wooden images are what this one brings out here. Lol. Mehn! How a man in his senses will allow him to be deceived to this point baffles me. Some of them too will be shouting gods of Yoruba, and gods of hausa. Which gods? The one of thunder which is powerless? The one of iron which fake? Where are gods and they can't deliver Nigeria from poverty? The gods are all fake fake fake. We have read about politicians going to swear in those powerless shrines. At last, the politicians still betray themselves and nothing happens to them. What about Orji Uzo Kalu and his many shrines whatever that is coming out? The guy who is bursting him...has anything happened to him?

I will NEVER worship.....man made God. Never!

There is ONLY one TRUE GOD. And He is the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob. All other gods are the works of men. Just ordinary wooden carved. Even the British stole so many into those days. Funny.... that they can steal a God, and you still think it is your savior. Your head needs real examination. In this 2021. What a mess? I weep for anyone involved in this mess. Chai!

I know one true God. I have tested Him, and the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob will NEVER fail. NEVER! Try him today!

Goodluck!
Every god is man-made.

Somebody chooses to worship Ani, Igbo goddess of the earth. Fine.
You choose to worship Yahweh, Hebrew god of the storm and war. Fine, too.
Your choice is not superior to theirs.
CultureRe: Umuzocha And Igala by RedboneSmith(m): 7:54pm On May 03, 2024
Probz:
As in, what was your initial blank response supposed to be and what are your overall thoughts about this thread considering you’re often draw to discussions like this and have significant Igala heritage?
The blank response was a mistake. I was trying to quote Ajaanaoka but mistakenly sent a blank message.

This post is specific about Umuzocha. My knowledge of the place is virtually Nil.
CultureRe: Help Me To Become A Witch. (Ẹlẹyẹ Funfun) by RedboneSmith(m): 6:49pm On May 03, 2024
greens:
Amen. Thanks
"Amen" is a Judaeo-Christian response to a prayer. As you no longer a Christian, be saying "Ashe".
CultureRe: Map Of Old Benin Kingdom by RedboneSmith(m): 11:36am On May 03, 2024
Fisiryorh:
"Who drew"...🤦🏾‍♂️
😂

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