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Romance / Re: Is Jealousy Part And Parcel Of Love, I Mean A Requirement Or Is It Insecurity? by JJYOU: 3:00pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
luxoire:healthy jealousy is ok but how do you define that? |
Religion / Jesus Christ Is Everything - Paul Washer by JJYOU: 2:52pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
[size=18pt]Jesus Christ is Everything - Paul Washer[/size] this is something to think about http://www.tangle.com/view_video.php?viewkey=8742977b76e3475fae47 &utm_source=newsletter0629&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=weeklytopvideos |
Religion / Re: Nairaland Christian E-Fellowship by JJYOU: 2:51pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
ifound this video interesting Jesus Christ is Everything - Paul Washer http://www.tangle.com/view_video.php?viewkey=8742977b76e3475fae47 &utm_source=newsletter0629&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=weeklytopvideos |
Crime / Re: Blood Oath Scandal: Ogun Lawmaker Admits - Says Gov Forced Him - No, I’m Not In by JJYOU: 2:20pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
Gov Daniel treacherous –Alausa By RAZAQ BAMIDELE and WILLY EYA Wednesday, July 1, 2009 The controversy over blood oath taking in Ogun State deepened on Tuesday as the embattled lawmaker Wale Alausa alleged that virtually all elected officers were compelled to take allegiance oath to support Governor Gbenga Daniel. The lawmaker, flanked by his colleagues including the Speaker of the State House of Assembly, Tunji Egbetokun made the allegation at a press conference in Lagos. Alausa whose nude picture was taken while taking blood oath was published in the media re-emphasised before journalists that Governor Daniel was the mastermind of the fetish act, which according to him, was being manipulated to blackmail him. “I was used, dumped and abused by the same man that is now trying to pin a label of a fetish oath taker on me,” he said, describing Daniel as a treacherous individual. The lawmaker nearly broke down in tears while relating the harrowing experience he allegedly went through in the hands of the state governor. “When the story about the oath-taking first came out, my first instinct was to hide myself given the shame and ridicule that the Governor of Ogun State, Otunba Gbenga Daniel, is trying to put my family to. But following spiritual advice to that effect, I have no choice but to continue with what my conscience had earlier asked me to do, struggle for justice on behalf of my immediate constituency in Ijebu Ode, and Ogun State citizens in general. “Friends, colleagues and people that I don’t even know have been calling me all kinds of names with abuses for taking a fetish oath. Some even went as far as to say I am a desperate politician who wants to remain in office to enjoy the spoils of politics by all means necessary. To such people, I say, forgive me. I am sorry. But you also need to understand where I am coming from and why I did what was reported by Otunba Gbenga Daniel’s newspaper in a manipulative way. I was used, dumped and abused by the same man that is now trying to pin a label of a fetish oath-taker on me. “As a Yoruba, and an Ijebu for that matter, I am not an Omo Ale (bastard). I challenge you journalists here and those of your colleagues in Ogun State to go back and check my past activities as a member of the Ogun State House of Assembly. I was a very vibrant member of the Group of 15 credible legislators who declared through our removal of Hon. Titilayo Oseni as Speaker last year that we’ve had enough of civilian dictatorship in Ogun State. We stood our ground despite physical and spiritual threats to our lives. We were called names. They even said we took money from the former Lagos State Governor, Asiwaju Bola Tinubu, to effect Oseni’s removal. But to God be the glory that the people of Ogun State and Nigerians interested in the affairs of our state have seen through that falsehood. “Now, back to the issue of Omo Ale. It may surprise you to know that my father is the Chairman of the Ogun East Senatorial District of the Peoples Democratic (PDP). He is a well-respected title-holder as Otun Balogun of Ijebuland. Following our action against Oseni last year, pressures were mounted on my father to prevail on me to withdraw my support for the Speaker, Rt. Hon. Tunji Egbetokun. My father knows he has a principled son. His response to Otunba Gbenga Daniel each time such pressure came was that his son is an adult with a family of his own, who is able to take decisions without recourse to him. However, when the pressures on my father became too much, he became the butt of jokes in party circles. It was as if he could not control his son. Suddenly, a non-existent Ogun East Elders Council was formed by Otunba Gbenga Daniel to usurp the functions of the constitutionally recognised Ogun East Senatorial District Executive headed by my father. Daddy was thoroughly disgraced wherever he went in the state by agents of Otunba Gbenga Daniel. Nevertheless, he did not budge. He left me to decide what is best for my constituency without putting any pressure on me. But the involvement of our royal father, (names withheld) by Otunba Gbenga Daniel, I believe, made my father bent a rule which he imbibed in us from childhood that, once we believe in something we should face it squarely without fear of anyone except Almighty Allah (SWT). “You may want to check past editions of your newspapers to confirm what I am about to say. Somewhere along the line, the G-15 became G-14. This was celebrated in Otunba Gbenga Daniel’s newspaper as well as others without mentioning my name. But I hereby confess I was the one who left the group to pledge allegiance to the Governor following the untold pressure on my dad, especially the need to respect our royal father. The condition of pledging allegiance to Otunba Gbenga Daniel was humiliating, but before the Almighty Allah who created me, I stuck to my guns that unless he also took the same oath, I will refuse to do so. “You might then wonder how the photograph came about. Long before then, especially before the 2007 elections shortly after the party primaries, Otunba Gbenga Daniel, had ensured that most, if not all those seeking elective offices took the oath of allegiance to him. You can ask your colleagues in Ogun State, if they are honest, they will also tell you that there is no Council Chairman that did not take the oath before their elections. But at that time, they know my background and they know such a thing could not be forced on me because the role I’ll play in the election will even be more than all of them combined together. So, I was left alone. But it was my dad they believed will hold me anytime they want. “One thing I thank God for in all of these is that the confidence of my colleagues which I betrayed because I do not want to be labelled an Omo Ale has been restored by God Himself. Because how can one explain Otunba Gbenga Daniel’s release of a photograph he took deceitfully? I know he has been angry because he expected I’ll return to the G-15 and begin passing details of our meeting to him. But I refused. The oath I took was to the effect that I will not be among those who will impeach him from office. It did not include spying on my colleagues. Part of the argument was that as an Ijebu, I should not allow the Egba to disgrace our son, Otunba Gbenga Daniel. I agreed after that pressure from my dad. But it was a reluctant decision, which I made as a dutiful Yoruba son to a father who has been everything to me.” Speaking further at the press conference, Alausa who represents Ijebu Ode state constituency alleged that Governor Daniel ensured that elected officers take the oath of allegiance shortly after primaries of the People Democratic Party (PDP) before the last election in the state. Alausa maintained that he was not alone and gave graphic details of how the state governor subjected the assembly members and other elected officers to take oath before the last general election in the state. |
Crime / Re: Blood Oath Scandal: Ogun Lawmaker Admits - Says Gov Forced Him - No, I’m Not In by JJYOU: 2:18pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
Nude pictures: Publish more if you have any By Moshood Adebayo, Abeokuta Wednesday, July 1, 2009 Photo: The Sun Publishing More Stories on This Section The leadership of the Ogun State House of Assembly has dared Ogun State Governor, Otunba Gbenga Daniel, who they identified as the sole proprietor of the Compass Newspaper that published an obscene picture of one of them to go ahead and publish more. The newspaper last Monday published a nude picture of Hon. Wale Alausa where it was alleged that the member representing Ijebu-Ode State Constituency was involved in blood oath. The newspaper also threatened to publish more of such messy pictures about the lawmakers who appeared to be against Governor Daniel’s administration in its subsequent editions. Addressing a press conference at the Committee Room on Tuesday after a solidarity rally with Alausa who had earlier addressed a press conference in Lagos, the Speaker of the House, Hon. Tunji Egbetokun, described the development as unfortunate, messy and stinking. “He (Daniel) caused the photograph to be published because he’s the owner of the paper. Let him publish other ones if he has them. The whole things is unfortunate, messy and stinking which I know he would be regretting by now. “How could you publish such a photograph of a honourable member from the same party with you in your newspaper? He had acted on a bad advice of some people who surround him. “Let him go ahead to publish more, but I know he does not have the pictures of any one of us here. If he has my own, let him publish it through all manners of publication anywhere and I can assure him I will not go to court. “Why are they threatening us that they have more of such pictures. They did not tell us they had Hon. Alausa’s picture before they did what they did. Let me tell you if they had any more of such pictures, they would have posted that of Hon. Remi Hassan because he’s a pastor. That would have been more marketable for them than anybody else.” Egbetokun, who was the immediate past secretary to the Obafemi-Owode Local Government also admitted that he once took oath of allegiance at the instance of Governor Daniel before the 2007 election. “Yes, I once took oath of allegiance to Governor Daniel, that was during the 2007 election but I was not naked. It was right at his house in Sagamu.” Egbetokun, who spoke in the presence of the G.15 member excluding Alausa, who though was within the Assembly complex but was attending to some people from his constituency listed some of the names of those that took the oath with him. Egbetokun, who said the House would investigate and take proper action on the Alausa’s saga also alleged that 80 percent of office holders are spiritualists. Meanwhile, elders of the ruling Peopls Democratic Party (PDP) in Imeko-Afon Local Government Area of the state have described the allegation by Alausa as “mother of all deceptions”. The Chairman of the forum, Chief Sina Adejobi described Alausa as a devilish man. “His admission that the photograph published in Monday’s edition of Nigerian Compass where he appeared naked while taking the blood oath had shown that he belongs to the kingdom of darkness. He should kneel down before God and pray for forgiveness otherwise, the wrath of God will be kindled upon him.” http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/july/01/national-01-07-2009-04.htm |
Foreign Affairs / Re: Are Dictatorships and Majority-Muslim Countries Leading in Human Trafficking? by JJYOU: 2:12pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
Lagosboy:lagosboy i am trying to keep loving you as i should but i find your defence of obscene behaviours in the name of islam offensive. must you reduce your life to religion and sentiments? i have written here before of a pakistani ill treating a nigeria ( calabar) maid. i knew this personally cos they were neighbours. poor girl got raped and nearly got deported because she would not abort. i know you are young but learn to be a member of the human race first before your religious head and heart shows up. |
Travel / Re: Nigeria Embassy London Worst Management by JJYOU: 1:50pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
LadyT:0% i give them. they are BADD. went there last year and they were stupid to the last man until the mad woman at the counter knew i had access to her boss. kokorunna:i like that chaircover:they lost me and the mrs too. went to abuja in may to get hers so no more visa biz for a while. they are stupidly stupid. i know 2 people there who keep saying they have too much work load and they are not properly funded. no excuse. |
Romance / Re: Ladies Pls Is This True! by JJYOU: 1:32pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
nethacker:u are funny |
Family / Re: What Should A Good Wife Do With Her Earnings? by JJYOU: 1:25pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
A Marriage Without Regret Featuring Kay Arthur https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cr5jjXJLmxs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZE_IMOd58w |
Family / A Marriage Without Regret by JJYOU: 1:23pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
Religion / Re: Are Pastors Not Soppose To Work? by JJYOU: 1:18pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
Tudór:a man of your mindset will like nude women going into churches. |
Religion / Re: Crazy Stuff From The Bible by JJYOU: 1:10pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
Ogaga4Luv:did u say your mum was a baptist preacher? |
Business / Re: Games That Nigerian Banks Play To Rip Their Customers by JJYOU: 1:09pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
omo oloye:we are beginning to get bankers blowing their horns here. |
Career / Re: Career Women, I Need Your Help Pls (Maternity Leave) by JJYOU: 1:07pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
chummy_bro:u wan carry belle or wetin be all this baby thing all over the place? |
Nairaland / General / Re: This Does Not Go Here by JJYOU: 1:02pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
sistawoman:thank God. Jesus Christ makes you whole |
Romance / Re: My Girl Friend Told Me She Was A Virgin For 5 Years But Now Says She's Unsure? by JJYOU: 12:56pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
debosky:debos your theory nawao. she may just be more matured to handle this now. i know we come from a society almost everyone lie as if our lives depends on it she could just be telling the truth. Akin, UK:o boy well done for keeping yourself and saying no to temptation. still continue to keep yourself pure but make sure you go marry soon becos the body is no fire wood. on the small matter of being married in the registry you are already married because you were not able to keep God out of that registry room. He is everywhere. a pastor said there is always a silent listener/ witness everywhere. i am not saying go and shag her now but that you are already married in Gods sight cos the govts are agents of God like the church. |
Properties / Re: How Much Are Houses In Benin City? by JJYOU: 12:42pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
Tosinmama:GRA is full now. you may get some free land near or after ogba zoo. be carefull on the net though |
Culture / Re: People Of Niger Delta, What Do You Want? by JJYOU: 12:36pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
chummy_bro: chummy_bro:some things are beyond your pay grade this is one of them. nigeria not just the govts. in this region have cheated this people beyond believe. nothing justifies the non challant attitude we have had tpwards them. we collective bred this monster |
Religion / Re: Can You Suspend Tithing To Pay Off Your Debts? by JJYOU: 12:26pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
KunleOshob:yes especially when we allow foot our kingdom bills |
Religion / Re: Jesus Lied by JJYOU: 12:22pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
Ogaga4Luv:rubbish. does mustafa ( npbhu) lie too? |
Religion / Re: 45 Crucial Issues In Islam by JJYOU: 12:14pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
sleek29:most mole use violence to mask thier confussion |
Romance / Re: Wat Wil I Do? by JJYOU: 12:11pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
MRbrownJAY:chei u sabi yabis o. |
Romance / Re: I Need Ur Advice, Its Urgent! by JJYOU: 12:08pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
dis your name na rumour abi? leave the girl alone. must u sleep with every girl u say hello to? you no go read your boook now later you go say na mama sikira witchcraft make you no pass exam |
Religion / Re: Abuzola's Confusion by JJYOU: 12:05pm On Jul 01, 2009 |
noetic2:ibin abuzola and his likes are not worth reading |
Romance / Re: Do Virgins Make Better Partners? by JJYOU: 11:57am On Jul 01, 2009 |
@ chummy_bro so good to know there are people like you in the midst of the mostly morally bankrupt people we have become |
Business / Re: Games That Nigerian Banks Play To Rip Their Customers by JJYOU: 11:22am On Jul 01, 2009 |
seyenko:nigerians generally have something for nothing mindset so ignore the complaints. ReachRich:i am generally a defender of all things UBA i cant defend this. i used to get calls from some staff from being driven out by landlords and not able to pay school fees name it. i dont know why they attract people like this. i think it is all part of being nigerians. it is very sad. GTB is a good bank too. |
Culture / The Edo Alphabet: A Look At The Benin Letters And Sounds By Richmond by JJYOU: 11:11am On Jul 01, 2009 |
[size=20pt]The Edo Alphabet: A Look At The Benin Letters And Sounds[/size] By RICHMOND .E. IDAEHO It is specifically important at this point to direct attention at the alphabetical system of the Edo people, considering the present circumstances of the Edo language, which is almost fading away as a result of the influence of other cultures within and outside the Nation state, Nigeria, in which the Edo ethnic group occupy the present Edo state’ and by extension, parts of Ondo, Delta, and Anambra states. Language, it should be noted, is part of a people’s culture. It is the one most important means of expressing a people’s culture, values, and beliefs. It is used for communication, interaction and exchange of ideas. Consequently, the extent to which a people’s language is developed and influenced necessarily reflects upon the culture of the people, and a change or loss of language invariably affects the perception of the people; viz their culture and socio-cultural realities. thus, language is a means of experiencing, and perceiving the environment and at same time, of communicating same to others. In view of the foregoing, the Edo language is therefore the medium of interaction within the cultural frame of the Edo people. The unit constituents of language are the alphabets, and to properly understand the nature of the Edo language, it is important to have recourse to the alphabets and sounds which make up the language. In this piece, the focus will be the Edo - Benin/Bini tribe of the Edoic race or ethnic group. The objective of this paper is to present the Edo alphabet and sounds in relation to the Edo language as core to the people’s socio cultural’ development and survival, and to expose certain misapplication of. the language and/or introduction’ of foreign letters and sounds into the Edo alphabet. Here the words Edo, Benin and Bini shall be used interchangeably. There are 24 alphabets in the Edo language with 7 (vowels and 17 consonants. Interestingly, there are also 7 pairs of consonants (that is the pair or double consonants) which though are not part of the 24 consonant letters. They occupy a special category in the Edo alphabetical system and are pronounced differently from the single consonants. The Benin letters include the following: a/aa/; b/bi/; d/di/; e/a; e/e/; f/fi/; g/gi/; i/i/;; h/hi/; k/k a I; 1/1 a I; m/mi/; n/nil; o/;Q/or/ p/pi/; r/ril; s/si/; tltil; u/uu/; v/vi/; w/wi/; y/yi/; z/zi/. The vowels include a; e;e;i o/o;and u, while the consonants are b· d· f· g. h· k· I· m· n· p: r· s· t· v· w· y. and z The double consonants, which are combinations of two consonant letters and sounds, include the following: gb, as in Ugbowo; gh, as in ughe; kh as in Ekhosuehi; kp as in Akpakpava; rh, as in Erhun; mw as in Omwan; and vb as in Ovbokhan. These’ double consonants are pronounced together and not separately or arbitrarily choosing and pronouncing one of them as most people, of other ethnic groups, do. There are also corresponding double consonants in other Edoic groups or tribes. For example bh, as in Ibhadomen; kp as in Okpebho; gh as in Ighalo in Esan. In Etsako, there is vh as in Ivhador etc. The bh in Esan and vh . in Etsako, are closely pronounced like the vb in Benin. Also to be noted is wh as in Emoborowho; kp as in Akpo; gh as in oghene; rh as Omoriobokirhie; in Urhobo and ts as in Oritsejafo in Itsekiri etc.· It is clear from the above that there is no j/ji/ in the Benin alphabet nor is there the shl C / or kr/kri/ double consonants or sounds. It is therefore surprising how certain ,words purportedly claimed to be Bini words are then pronounced or even spelt with “j” and “sh”, “kr”, etc. This is. rather a misnomer and a far shift from the Bini language, hence the people’s socio-cultural reality. A people’s alphabetical system constitutes the basis of their word formation (morphology) and the sound dictates their pronunciation (phonetics). The language of· the people therefore is predicated upon the variety of letters and symbols available in that particular culture for the construction of its language as language is “a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols”. Hence, words cannot be formed in isolation but necessarily from a system of conventional signs, sounds, and gestures. Linguistic formation, in other words, follows the alphabetical systems of such linguistic groups. As such, no symbol or sound not being part of the linguistic system cat”: be used to form words within such linguistic cum cultural frame. This is because a people’s culture is essentially tied to the language, as what cannot be expressed by the language of a people is considered not to exist - at least there is lack of knowledge of its existence - within the cultural realities of the people, and a people’s expression of their realities and existence through language is limited by the symbols and sounds used for such purpose. Thus, it is through language, that the knowledge, belief, values and behaviour of a people can be experienced, expressed and shared. Consequently, no words could be formed in a particular culture or language where the letters) and/or sound(s) used does not occur in the alphabetical system of that culture. Accordingly, the use of the “t and “sh” symbol and sound in the formation of certain words within the Bini lingua context is practically inappropriate and intolerable as neither the single letter “j” nor the double consonants “sh” as well as their sounds can be found in the Edo alphabetical system. Although, sociologically, language is flexible, ‘yet a foreign or new or modified word, symbol or sound cannot be regarded as belonging to the given culture unless’ and until it is forthwith included in the linguistic/alphabetical frame of such people. There is, therefore, no word as “Jesu” or “ljesu” or any of its inflections as in “Jesurobo”, in the ‘Edo language. Similarly, there are no words like “Oshodin”, “Ologboshere”, “Iyashere”, “Tatashe”, etc whether in their spellings or pronunciation, in the Benin language. These are improper words or names and do not, reasonably and culturally speaking, fit into the Benin linguistics or socio-cultural realities. This is because there is no “j” letter nor the “Stl” in the Bini alphabet. Words which are expressed with such symbols are not B-ini words neither in their spelling, as in “Oshodin” nor in their pronunciation /osodin/. However, an accurate spelling and pronunciation of these words would exclude the “j” symbol and substitute it with “y” as in “Yesu”, “Iye”, whereas “oshodin”, “tatashe”, will loss the “h” letter and the “sh”1s1 sound to become “Osodin”, “tat’ase”, “Iyase” etc. ‘ The use of the “j” and “sh” letters and sounds is due partly to inadequate knowledge of the Edo, alphabet and partly to the influence of foreign and local cultures. For example “Jesu” is a corruption of the foreign word Jesus and in an attempt to arrive, at a near accurate translation of the word, the letter “j” was equally used for the localized name, disregarding the fact that the “j” letter does not exist in the Benin alphabet. The common misapplication and mispronunciation of the “y’ letter and sound for “j” also aided this inaccurate and intolerable transliteration. As for example, in some homes you hear some children call their mother “ije” rather than “iye”. , The, occurrence of the “j” letter in some Edoic culture like U-le Esan, as well, hastens its use in the Benin language . The “sh”/ S I and “Ch”/tS I sound can be found in some Nigerian languages like Haus3, Yoruba and Igbo. In unequivocal terms, neither the “j” nor the “sh” feature in the Benin language. It ‘will be submitted that though, the “j” and “sh” symbols and sounds form part of the linguistics of some Nigerian languages, they are however not included in that of the Benin - the primordial Edoic tribe - and as such cannot ‘be used for constructing or forming words, names or anything whatsoever within the cultural existence and experience of the, people. Until these symbols and sounds are so incorporated into the Benin alphabetical system, they, and whatever words are formed therefrom, remain linguistic misnomers. http://www.nigerianobservernews.com/30062009/features/indexa.html |
Religion / Re: Hero Muslim Saves Jew From Christian Thugs by JJYOU: 11:07am On Jul 01, 2009 |
javalove:like he is guiding osama bin ladin and he guided your cousins into flying planes into twin towers killing innocent souls . i dont like satanic guidance do you? |
Education / The Edo Alphabet: A Look At The Benin Letters And Sounds by JJYOU: 11:04am On Jul 01, 2009 |
[size=24pt]The Edo Alphabet: A Look At The Benin Letters And Sounds[/size] By RICHMOND .E. IDAEHO It is specifically important at this point to direct attention at the alphabetical system of the Edo people, considering the present circumstances of the Edo language, which is almost fading away as a result of the influence of other cultures within and outside the Nation state, Nigeria, in which the Edo ethnic group occupy the present Edo state’ and by extension, parts of Ondo, Delta, and Anambra states. Language, it should be noted, is part of a people’s culture. It is the one most important means of expressing a people’s culture, values, and beliefs. It is used for communication, interaction and exchange of ideas. Consequently, the extent to which a people’s language is developed and influenced necessarily reflects upon the culture of the people, and a change or loss of language invariably affects the perception of the people; viz their culture and socio-cultural realities. thus, language is a means of experiencing, and perceiving the environment and at same time, of communicating same to others. In view of the foregoing, the Edo language is therefore the medium of interaction within the cultural frame of the Edo people. The unit constituents of language are the alphabets, and to properly understand the nature of the Edo language, it is important to have recourse to the alphabets and sounds which make up the language. In this piece, the focus will be the Edo - Benin/Bini tribe of the Edoic race or ethnic group. The objective of this paper is to present the Edo alphabet and sounds in relation to the Edo language as core to the people’s socio cultural’ development and survival, and to expose certain misapplication of. the language and/or introduction’ of foreign letters and sounds into the Edo alphabet. Here the words Edo, Benin and Bini shall be used interchangeably. There are 24 alphabets in the Edo language with 7 (vowels and 17 consonants. Interestingly, there are also 7 pairs of consonants (that is the pair or double consonants) which though are not part of the 24 consonant letters. They occupy a special category in the Edo alphabetical system and are pronounced differently from the single consonants. The Benin letters include the following: a/aa/; b/bi/; d/di/; e/a; e/e/; f/fi/; g/gi/; i/i/;; h/hi/; k/k a I; 1/1 a I; m/mi/; n/nil; o/;Q/or/ p/pi/; r/ril; s/si/; tltil; u/uu/; v/vi/; w/wi/; y/yi/; z/zi/. The vowels include a; e;e;i o/o;and u, while the consonants are b· d· f· g. h· k· I· m· n· p: r· s· t· v· w· y. and z The double consonants, which are combinations of two consonant letters and sounds, include the following: gb, as in Ugbowo; gh, as in ughe; kh as in Ekhosuehi; kp as in Akpakpava; rh, as in Erhun; mw as in Omwan; and vb as in Ovbokhan. These’ double consonants are pronounced together and not separately or arbitrarily choosing and pronouncing one of them as most people, of other ethnic groups, do. There are also corresponding double consonants in other Edoic groups or tribes. For example bh, as in Ibhadomen; kp as in Okpebho; gh as in Ighalo in Esan. In Etsako, there is vh as in Ivhador etc. The bh in Esan and vh . in Etsako, are closely pronounced like the vb in Benin. Also to be noted is wh as in Emoborowho; kp as in Akpo; gh as in oghene; rh as Omoriobokirhie; in Urhobo and ts as in Oritsejafo in Itsekiri etc.· It is clear from the above that there is no j/ji/ in the Benin alphabet nor is there the shl C / or kr/kri/ double consonants or sounds. It is therefore surprising how certain ,words purportedly claimed to be Bini words are then pronounced or even spelt with “j” and “sh”, “kr”, etc. This is. rather a misnomer and a far shift from the Bini language, hence the people’s socio-cultural reality. A people’s alphabetical system constitutes the basis of their word formation (morphology) and the sound dictates their pronunciation (phonetics). The language of· the people therefore is predicated upon the variety of letters and symbols available in that particular culture for the construction of its language as language is “a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols”. Hence, words cannot be formed in isolation but necessarily from a system of conventional signs, sounds, and gestures. Linguistic formation, in other words, follows the alphabetical systems of such linguistic groups. As such, no symbol or sound not being part of the linguistic system cat”: be used to form words within such linguistic cum cultural frame. This is because a people’s culture is essentially tied to the language, as what cannot be expressed by the language of a people is considered not to exist - at least there is lack of knowledge of its existence - within the cultural realities of the people, and a people’s expression of their realities and existence through language is limited by the symbols and sounds used for such purpose. Thus, it is through language, that the knowledge, belief, values and behaviour of a people can be experienced, expressed and shared. Consequently, no words could be formed in a particular culture or language where the letters) and/or sound(s) used does not occur in the alphabetical system of that culture. Accordingly, the use of the “t and “sh” symbol and sound in the formation of certain words within the Bini lingua context is practically inappropriate and intolerable as neither the single letter “j” nor the double consonants “sh” as well as their sounds can be found in the Edo alphabetical system. Although, sociologically, language is flexible, ‘yet a foreign or new or modified word, symbol or sound cannot be regarded as belonging to the given culture unless’ and until it is forthwith included in the linguistic/alphabetical frame of such people. There is, therefore, no word as “Jesu” or “ljesu” or any of its inflections as in “Jesurobo”, in the ‘Edo language. Similarly, there are no words like “Oshodin”, “Ologboshere”, “Iyashere”, “Tatashe”, etc whether in their spellings or pronunciation, in the Benin language. These are improper words or names and do not, reasonably and culturally speaking, fit into the Benin linguistics or socio-cultural realities. This is because there is no “j” letter nor the “Stl” in the Bini alphabet. Words which are expressed with such symbols are not B-ini words neither in their spelling, as in “Oshodin” nor in their pronunciation /osodin/. However, an accurate spelling and pronunciation of these words would exclude the “j” symbol and substitute it with “y” as in “Yesu”, “Iye”, whereas “oshodin”, “tatashe”, will loss the “h” letter and the “sh”1s1 sound to become “Osodin”, “tat’ase”, “Iyase” etc. ‘ The use of the “j” and “sh” letters and sounds is due partly to inadequate knowledge of the Edo, alphabet and partly to the influence of foreign and local cultures. For example “Jesu” is a corruption of the foreign word Jesus and in an attempt to arrive, at a near accurate translation of the word, the letter “j” was equally used for the localized name, disregarding the fact that the “j” letter does not exist in the Benin alphabet. The common misapplication and mispronunciation of the “y’ letter and sound for “j” also aided this inaccurate and intolerable transliteration. As for example, in some homes you hear some children call their mother “ije” rather than “iye”. , The, occurrence of the “j” letter in some Edoic culture like U-le Esan, as well, hastens its use in the Benin language . The “sh”/ S I and “Ch”/tS I sound can be found in some Nigerian languages like Haus3, Yoruba and Igbo. In unequivocal terms, neither the “j” nor the “sh” feature in the Benin language. It ‘will be submitted that though, the “j” and “sh” symbols and sounds form part of the linguistics of some Nigerian languages, they are however not included in that of the Benin - the primordial Edoic tribe - and as such cannot ‘be used for constructing or forming words, names or anything whatsoever within the cultural existence and experience of the, people. Until these symbols and sounds are so incorporated into the Benin alphabetical system, they, and whatever words are formed therefrom, remain linguistic misnomers. http://www.nigerianobservernews.com/30062009/features/indexa.html |
Properties / Re: Real Estate Topic Library (Must Read Before You Buy Any Land Or Property) by JJYOU: 11:01am On Jul 01, 2009 |
nice one |
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