I can’t rememebr whether it’s on Quora or Skyscrapercity that this was asked:
Why is "China Speed" in construction so crazy and leaving the whole world in the dust?
The key is in modular building. Much of Chinese construction is done off site, in controlled factories where pieces can be efficiently assembled and then transported to the site. This makes construction effectively snapping together pieces of the building like legos. The most time consuming portions of construction, wiring and plumbing, is 90% finished.
This is possible because chinese buildings tend to standardize their internal construction. Ceiling height. Room size. Placement of elevators and stairs are all consistent in these construction. This makes it easier for builders to build, since it’s pretty much the same building on the inside as the last thirty they’ve made.
In America, we transport the materials to the site and build everything on site. This is less efficient because everything has to be moved to the site. You have to co-ordinate between specialists. You have to run wire and pipe. There’s mistakes and delays.
The big question is: which makes for a better building? The Chinese model is absolutely faster and cheaper… but what are those buildings going to look like in 30–50–100 years? If they’re falling apart after 20, was the money saved worth the maintenance later? If they’re just as sound in 100 years as when they were built, then it was a big advantage.
Time will tell.
We have modular skyscrapers in Japan as an example though. The Nakagin capsule tower was built in 1970’s in 30 days using prefabricated cells. After 40 years, the residents were complaining of smells, drafts, asbestos risk, and cramped designs. When the architect died, it was demolished.
___________ Why is "China Speed" in construction so crazy and leaving the whole world in the dust?
Planning, planning and more planning!
Several aspects worth mentioning.
First is productivity rate, the Chinese are amongst the hardest working people on the planet. I worked in engineering construction for more than 20 years. The only people who work at the same rate were the South Koreans.
Secondly, everything is done in parallel, while they are digging the foundations in one place, they lay cable in another and elsewhere the pre-assembled units are built and equipped ready to be dropped into place.
Thirdly is the use of quick setting concrete, this stuff sets in a couple of hours as opposed to the several days it used to take.
Fourth, equipment take a look at the live streaming, the place is swamped with equipment, concrete pumps, cranes, dump trucks etc. And of course this is where planning and coordination are so necessary.
mufutau55: Most do wet the concrete, so it does not crack... I remembered doing that on my deckings for a whole week both early morning and evening. I prefer to leave my deckings for the whole month to cure... why rushing when I am not in competition with time or anyone. Safer than sorry.
Hajji M.
Hajji, maybe you don’t have the money to spend. It’s fine not to rush when you’re doing kobokobo.
You just have to “ranti omo eni ti iwo nse” (remember the son of who you are).
While it takes about 28 days for concrete to cure, I can find better things to do than to assume using quality materials makes it safe to continue to overload the structure.
This same issh applies to sandfilling of foundations. We do assume compacting with plate compactor will achieve the same result as natural compaction.
The last time I checked the companies producing all the so called “SUBSTANDARD” materials are registered in Nigeria and have their operating licenses here too.
They even sell in the open market and nothing has happened to them.
Are we safe to say the regulatory/professional bodies don’t know what they’re doing by allowing the client to decide for them?
kopell: I believe the major reason why most of those buildings are coming down in opinion, is the compromise in the integrity of the structural Iron component, for example if structural engineer recommends 16mm rods for section of the building with his calculations of weight. When going to purchase materials I’ve seen many 9mm rods label as 12mm and the cost is clear, those are sold for N 1750 each, while the right one and full size of 12 mm is sold N 2,200. The owner have to make decision on which one to buy. l bet you many of them will go for the cheap ones. I don’t understand why the engineer will put his name in line to forge ahead to continue the project when he knew is going to be disaster at the end, just because he wants to make money. In conclusion I think it better for engineers to proper advise their clients the danger of trying to save thousands and end up wasting millions with and people lives.
The owner is not at fault. The regulatory bodies should take a larger part of the blame.
I have a technical manual used by Zurich inspectors (230 page manual) to target inspection visits through a process of risk management. The number of visits to different projects varies depending on the initial and ongoing risk assessment carried out by the inspectors.
After the inspection, the inspectors will provide a printed record indicating items inspected on the day for the particular stage of work and where necessary highlight areas that do not meet the accepted building standards for each project.
How will a homeowner or builder/contractor ever compromise when he’s fully aware that the inspectors will always be around to sign off each stage of work.
Why can’t we emulate what’s obtainable in developed countries of the world?
This same excuse is what LASBCA gave that the promoters of Lekki Gardens added additional 2 floors after approval.
The question remains what’s the work of the regulatory bodies. To react only when there’s structural failure.
Let’s not forget the helicopter crash few weeks ago. We later learnt it does not have approval
gbadexy: I'm really curious though if we further wet our concrete for at least the first three days here in Nigeria. I haven't really noticed it. I observe during my research on external screeding material using cement that wetting cement for in the early morning and late evening when the water would not quickly evaporate before the cement can fully utilize it for two to three days after the initial setting gives it very massive difference in strength than if it wasn't given subsequent wetting. The cement still needs it water after that but gradually from the environment, excess unutilised water within it and so on.
Let’s safely add the Odo, Obalende Build Collapse and the scores of structural failures that happened around 2016 till date to the investigative report waiting list.
_____ Non-Destructive Test using Concrete Rebound Hammer
gbadexy: I think those additives are plasticisers that allows concrete be cast with little amount of water to form a compact and dense concrete but I don't think that still takes away the fact that the concrete needs the water over a period of time to attain maximum strength. Accelerators may speed up the seeding and the initial setting period but it still needs full hydration for strength. Water is the only major thing that gives concrete it's strength from my understanding and while initial setting could be sped up, the full hydration for maximum strength would still take its own time. Concrete with higher ratio of cement to water made workable with plasticisers would still be far more stronger after proper full hydration than it would be in the first few weeks. Just my opinion from the setting of cement.
Good morning!
The effectiveness of these admixtures are dependent on the temperature condition of when the concrete was poured.
smallsmall: It does not have to use remote control, some have a sensor that is installed in each resident's car and would open the gate for such car automatically. Some use a Wall-mount 4-Code Devide, that only the Tenants know, to open the gate. I have seen it done in some HighRise Buildings with over 20 Flats each, so l know it can be done.
Why would you give your own remote to your friend, compromising the safety of the whole compound? Everybody has a parking spot and residents cars have stickers, anything apart from that, you get clamped.
#NotABibeli and I am having stomach ache right now so please dont quote me.
Ground loop and infrared beams.
For me, installing the gate in condominium mode and handing remote controls to each tenant is the best. The other options work but can be easily compromised.
vickzie: how do you motorize a gate of 6-8 flats apartment building and every tenant having a remote, can the motor remote be duplicated like we duplicate car keys? and if possible, how do the landlord ensure that it's only the tenants that have access to the remote ( ie friends of tenants not having access to the remote)
Nova Remote is just 7k or maybe 10k now.
I don’t understand the bolder part. Although, the system can be programmed.
EgunMogaji2: We don’t know what caused the collapse yet.
It’s no rocket science baba. I believe it’s not seismic sha or controlled demolition/implosion abi aransi/asaasi.
People are working on the site when it happened.
In an unregulated industry, the root cause of such failure always miss everybody because they knew it’ll bounce back on the regulatory bodies/inspectors. That’s why you’ll see LASEMA first on the site and not NIOB, LASBCA, LSMTL.
Let’s wait for the professionals to determine the cause
In as much as the industry do not care so much about enforcing best practices and investors/homeowners do not have x-ray vision to know the difference between a versatile and a cowboy engineer-contractor. I think it’s safe to say construction work shouldn’t be rushed
Why?
The following are loads acting on the beams/slabs:
1. Self weight 2. Construction load 3. Weight of upper floor (from props)
For most developers, they play with spans of the slab to achieve fast projects (that’s why you see them build compact houses). When the span get larger, the self weight portion will start governing and this will require higher number of days of propping for the concrete to achieve maximum strength.
Propping might fix slabs and other horizontal structural members but what happens to the most victimized vertical member (the column) if it did not attain maximum strength before imposing loads. Improper curing is one of the major reasons for concrete failures in columns, beams, slabs and a major cause of visible cracks in most house.
So instead of making people to assume it’s safe to build a house within 30 days, I think professional builders should caution homeowners and investors who want to tow that path to allow more time for their project.
______ LASBCA/LSMTL cares so much about cube tests which is fine but doesn’t guarantee safe construction if the builder failed to consider the significance of concrete curing for the durability of the structure.
______ Unfortunately all the association and bodies that are supposed to enforce best practices only care about generating revenue from stamping and affixing seals on drawings. They don’t care about what happen on project site. ARCON, COREN, NIOB, NIA, etc.
Yet we blame SARS
Yesterday, I shared this and I was made to understand that there are water-reducing admixtures, retardants and accelerators to speed up curing process.
I guess the builder of the failed structure at Obalende don’t know much about this or he’s unsure of where to get the original admixtures in Lagos building market or maybe he’s a quack.
Some few weeks ago, my learned Oga said something about concrete mix design and it seems like “Wetin dey specially? Just use 1:2:4 Add waterproof cement. Don’t remove props. Use bricklayers from Cotonou.”
Na hin we dey see so o.
An extra days, weeks or even months added to projects would do more good than harm.
Four yet-to-be-identified persons lost their lives on Sunday when a three-storey building collapsed in the Obalende area of Lagos Island, Lagos State.
The PUNCH gathered that eight other persons were injured.
The General Manager, Lagos State Emergency Management Agency, Olufemi Oke-Osanyintolu, confirmed the incident.
He noted that the affected three-storey building located at 62, Odo Street, Obalende, Lagos Island, was under construction when it collapsed.
He said, “Upon arrival at the incident scene, a three-storey building under construction was discovered to have self-collapsed.”
The cause of the collapse is yet to be ascertained, but efforts are presently ongoing by LASEMA and other responders towards salvaging the situation.
“As of 05:40pm, a total of eight people (all males) have been extricated alive by the LASEMA Response Team and other stakeholders, and have been attended and quickly transferred to the hospital by LASEMA paramedics for further medical attention at Lagos Island General Hospital.
“Four persons (three males and one female) have so far been recovered dead and handed over to SEHMU at the incident scene.”
He added that the recovery operation is still ongoing.
modsfucker: I'm not against the protest, but I'm against the sheer stupidity people are displaying out there... How can you invade a Police Station and expect a warm welcome?
I saw several videos of the purported protesters provoking security men with guns all in the name of protest... Haba, even the US, UK they're calling on won't allow this nuisance.
The struggle has apparently been overtaken by criminals.
Excuses are the tools of the weak and the incompetent.
GOTVee: As a born again Christian who is meant to speak the truth at all times, i think banning sars Is wrong and we should learn to live with their excesses. Majority of present yahoo boys are future armed robbers. What do you expect someone who doesn't have any skill than stealing from people to resort to when yahoo stops paying? They either commit suicide or turn to armed robbery just to live above their means. This is why i blame we Christians for encouraging this menace called yahoo boys. Even in churches the pastors don't care if you scam or rob people as long as you bring money to their temple. How many Muslims are involved in yahoo? How many Northerners have SARS operatives harassed? Are there no sars in the north, why are northerners not complaining like we southerners? We Christians need to learn a lot from the ways of life of the average northern Muslim. Their ways of life is guided with the tenets of Islam and they are so contented with whatever they have and would never get involved in cyber crimes.
Don't you realize that the average yahoo boy and cultists poses a security threat to your lives in future? Do you know how many have died as a result of the atrocities of yahoo boys? We need SARS to deal with those heartless vermins. Yahoo boys are no different from armed robbers. They only rob with phones, gadgets and deceit and since SARS are against robbery they must keep tracking every youth living above their means . Instead of ending SARS, why don't we end fraud and build a sane society?
bixton: As regards the bold 1 for effective curing the form work holding the columns needs still be intact with appropriate bracket/braces holding it at intervals/sections.
With regards to bold 2&3.... I think it would not be fair to generalize that improper curing is a major reason/cause.................I believe for failure or cracks to appear on concrete it takes about 3 other elements to be of low quality/standard being used before such will occur.
Hmmm! Here’s my statement again “Improper curing is one of the major reasons for concrete failures in columns, beams, slabs ...” That’s not generalization. It’s actually one of the major reasons.
Here’s what I’ve recently observed in the field of construction, especially the unregulated ones like we have in Nigeria which is why I made mention of all the Construction/Building Regulatory Bodies in my earlier post, things largely defers from what should be done and what is being done generally. So my answer would infer from what should be done (acceptable standard) and the best practices.
In a standard construction, how many days should it actually take to cast slab after column?
The answer for it is “the concrete should only be subjected to loading after 28 days or it attains its full strength.”
So if we are to keep formwork intact for 28 days while awaiting the concrete to attain its full strength, how then can we deliver a fully furnished house within 30 - 45 days? Crazy scheduling, I guess!
____________ The industry standard
Beams, girders, or slabs supported by columns or walls shall not be cast or erected until concrete in the vertical support members is no longer plastic.
kingzsoul: Good evening house. I asked about how possible will 1million fly for raft foundation for a 2bedroom apartment with a penthouse. but got a very few response. I've increased my budget to 1.5m. Please can it still fly?
obehi247: The only reason this protect still calm is because student are at home with their parents beging and even fighting them not to go outside and join the #EndSARS protest
How wish them dey school with nobody to regulate their movement, this thing for don turn revolution since
My kids ain’t going to sch next week. I don’t need govt to tell me that
bixton: Built environment does not have boundaries or restrictions as long as the engineer-contractor is versatile in thoughts and approach to job.
Hmmm! This is valid but...
bixton: What limitations do the industry have against the bolded......
In as much as the industry do not care so much about enforcing best practices and investors/homeowners do not have x-ray vision to know the difference between a versatile and a cowboy engineer-contractor. I think it’s safe to say construction work shouldn’t be rushed
Why?
The following are loads acting on the beams/slabs:
1. Self weight 2. Construction load 3. Weight of upper floor (from props)
For most developers, they play with spans of the slab to achieve fast projects (that’s why you see them build compact houses). When the span get larger, the self weight portion will start governing and this will require higher number of days of propping for the concrete to achieve maximum strength.
Propping might fix slabs and other horizontal structural members but what happens to the most victimized vertical member (the column) if it did not attain maximum strength before imposing loads. Improper curing is one of the major reasons for concrete failures in columns, beams, slabs and a major cause of visible cracks in most house.
So instead of making people to assume it’s safe to build a house within 30 days, I think professional builders should caution homeowners and investors who want to tow that path to allow more time for their project.
______ LASBCA/LSMTL cares so much about cube tests which is fine but doesn’t guarantee safe construction if the builder failed to consider the significance of concrete curing for the durability of the structure.
______ Unfortunately all the association and bodies that are supposed to enforce best practices only care about generating revenue from stamping and affixing seals on drawings. They don’t care about what happen on project site. ARCON, COREN, NIOB, NIA, etc.