Christianity Etc › Re: The Gospel According To Luke by budaatum(op): 4:14pm On Mar 23, 2019*. Modified: 2:21am On Mar 31, 2019 |
[url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+8%3A40-56&version=NKJV]Luke 8: 40-56[/url]
Graceful WorkNow a woman, having a flow of blood for twelve years, who had spent all her livelihood on physicians and could not be healed by any, came (travelled, probably walked a long distance, which is work) from behind and touched (work. She could have just stood there waiting for grace to fall on her head) the border of His garment. And immediately her flow of blood stopped. And He said to her, “Daughter, be of good cheer; your faith (work, and not faith with no work which is faithless by its fruitlessness) has made you well.” When you are saved, you will work, because you are well, and in peace! |
Foreign Affairs › Re: American Politics Thread: Democrats Take Control Of Congress by budaatum: 3:53pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
Lucasbalo: Even if what you said is accurate, remember that SDNY and State of NY are doing their different investigations into trump's shenanigans. It ain't over until the big Mama sings. When fine tooth combs get their hands on that report, which they will, hell will be loose. There's sure interesting times ahead. |
Foreign Affairs › Re: American Politics Thread: Democrats Take Control Of Congress by budaatum: 3:17pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
It was, said Rudy Giuliani, lawyer to Donald Trump, like waiting for a baby to be born. Then he reached for a darker simile: it was more like waiting for a jury to deliver its verdict. “I’ll hand out cigars if it’s good news,” he told the Washington Post. At about 4.30pm on Friday, the wait was over. Special counsel Robert Mueller’s report into Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election was handed to the justice department. But it was still not clear if the baby was a boy or a girl, or if the jury found the defendant guilty or not guilty. But one fact was established with certainty this week: after an investigation costing millions of dollars and spanning 674 days, hundreds of interviews, thousands of documents and criminal charges against 34 individuals – including six in Trump’s inner circle – Mueller will not recommend any further indictments. It therefore appeared that Trump’s son, Don Jr, and son-in-law, Jared Kushner, were off the hook. |
Christianity Etc › Re: What Makes Man? by budaatum: 2:22pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
LordReed: Yes. No! Two things still exist, so what are they? On a side, thanks for another amazingly thought provoking thread johnydon22! Your knack for creating them is commendable. |
Christianity Etc › Re: American Relocating To Nigeria! by budaatum: 1:45pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
avled: Ill be there in a May Good time to be home. Let us know how you get on. What state you going be in? |
Politics › Re: Osun Election Tribunal’s Judgment: Live Update by budaatum: 1:43pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
Johnnyessence: MY TAKE ON OYETOLA DECISION TO APPROACH THE APPEAL COURT I have this to say, we need to get things right, does anybody know the procedure of Appeal Court. With my own little knowledge on the field legal, i believe Appeal is to cross the proceeding of the lower court, and fix out the wrong process done by the Tribunal. Now, Oyetola and APC should remember that the INEC been the 1st defendant in the petition failed to defend the petition against them and they failed to file a no case submission as well, and while the 2nd and 3rd defendant (APC and Oyetola) also gave evidence contradiction in their defence and their evidence is not that tally with the evidence been presented by the petitioner. During the proceeding of the tribunal, i make it known to my people that the outcome of the tribunal will be of two things, and in which the tribunal even make use of the two. I said it that, is either the tribunal illegalize the rerun and make use of the real election or ask the INEC to return the deducted votes of Adeleke/PDP, and at the end today, Tribunal said the rerun is illegal and ask INEC to return the votes. Now, that APC/OYETOLA are step to challenge the Tribunal at the Appeal Court, they ask them it will be on what stand, claim or instant. Let me ask again, what has been the INEC reaction/respond to the judgement given today, Don't be surprise if INEC fail to join the suit in Appeal Court. I want to say this again, on what will the Appeal cross check the Tribunal proceeding. It will be only result to suit after death. In respond to the news going on now after the delivery of the judgement by the APC supporters that Wike loss in Tribunal, Appeal but receive his mandate in Supreme , i have this to say, let it be clear that Wike claims are different from Adeleke claims, the case are not of the same, and also does INEC failed to make case during Wike case like that of Adeleke. I wish i post the full judgement of the then River State Election Tribunal so as for you to see the differences. But you can do as well, check on google, by searching: *Judgement on River State Election Tribunal.* Don't deceive people with that kind of hope. Adeleke is here to dance to the seat. This judgement appears to me to be against INEC and it's processes and not against APC/OYETOLA though they are the one's who lose. I wonder if APC/OYETOLA could sue INEC for incompetence? |
Christianity Etc › Re: Are Believers Righteous? by budaatum: 1:36pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
solite3: it is not about reading the bible but believing its word.
Do you believe Jesus words when he said he that believes in me will not perish but have everlasting life? A child like faith in christ is all you need. I'm a worker solite3. I don't do believe! I go up to Christ and say, "Christ, is it true that I will not perish?" Then I look at the evidence everyday to see if I perished or if the Word of the Lord is true. Now, after many days and many weeks and many months and many years of not perishing, I do not believe that I will not perish because I know I will not perish. By God's Grace, of course. I think this is because I am not a child anymore, solite3. I used to be a child who childishly 'believed', though it came across as 'disbelief', but was really ignorance. But then, I grew up and left my childish ways and became a full grown mature adult with mature adult faith and understanding who has no need to believe because I now know. Or does one just believe what one knows? God will make us all grow more. Amen. |
Christianity Etc › Re: Are Believers Righteous? by budaatum: 1:34pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
Dp |
Christianity Etc › Re: Will It Be Moral To Make Clones For Organ Harvesting? by budaatum: 1:21pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
MuttleyLaff: I actually had that Peugeot bit johnydon22 lifted, dog-eared, as interesting among other bits too. The bit I threw back at him? |
Christianity Etc › Re: Will It Be Moral To Make Clones For Organ Harvesting? by budaatum: 1:14pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
MuttleyLaff: https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/tabs.web.media/c/9/c9lw/c9lw-square-400.jpg I have the hard copy, and I think I bought the book from a flea market or possibly a secondhand bookshop I love what I learned from the book, I ravenously ate the staws but of course took care, to spit out the sticks
The thing about johnydon22 and his pseudo intelligence, he likes to be thought of as having a lot of intelligence and knowledge but who really isnt intelligent or knowledgeable, is that, he is somebody that insists that God doesnt exist, God isnt real, well money too, isn't either but he still believe in it but not in God, what a bummer. I got it too but struggle reading it as I've read far better but a good book all the same from what I've read of it and if you manage not to swallow the sticks. |
Christianity Etc › Re: Will It Be Moral To Make Clones For Organ Harvesting? by budaatum: 1:10pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
HardMirror: Simple. Stealing is not objectively wrong but as a society we realize if it is made bad then we can collectively benefit from our individual labours without fear of losing what is ours. It's your use of "objectively wrong" that flagged this, mirror. What is "objectively wrong"? Give an example please. And how do we collectively make something bad? |
Islam › Re: Lessons From The New Zealand Mosque Shooting by budaatum: 12:57pm On Mar 23, 2019*. Modified: 8:38pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
Avizizo: With this comment and likes in it. Please who is the real terrorist group? Christians or Muslims?  I'm not surprised for the incident that happened in New Zealand. Israel does that often or is that not where your all inherited the act?  Please consider saying Muslims or the idiot. In fact, consider saying the idiot alone! Because those with the Lord, whether Allah or Yahweh, would never terrorise. |
Christianity Etc › Re: Are Believers Righteous? by budaatum: 12:58am On Mar 23, 2019*. Modified: 12:50pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
solite3: it is not about reading the bible but believing its word.
Do you believe Jesus words when he said he that believes in me will not perish but have everlasting life? A child like faith in christ is all you need. Why should I be lazy and believe that I shall not perish when I can open my eyes and see for myself and know that I will not perish? Should one believe one is saved and still call out to the Lord to save one? I did not perish when I did not believe in Jesus but by his Grace did I not whether I believed or not, and even now I don't believe I will not perish since the evidence is in front of me and I can see it and know! Or you think I did not work on my eyes so I can see by God's Grace, of course? I myself will work really hard, not so to justify my self or be righteous, but because the Lord God did bless buda with one talent saying, "buda, be fruitful and increase in number and fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground". If buda does not work hard to double the talent the Lord gave buda by the time the Lord returns you know what the Lord will do to buda, solite3, don't you? |
Christianity Etc › Re: Are Believers Righteous? by budaatum: 12:32am On Mar 23, 2019 |
solite3: Romans 4:4-8 Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness. Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works, Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered. Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin. I'm going to post the entire chapter. My additions are in brackets. The bolds imply work. Romans 4 King James Version (KJV) 4 What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found? 2 For if Abraham were justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not before God. 3 For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness. (Not by himself nor by any other human being but by God alone was he counted righteous). 4 Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness. 6 Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works, 7 Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered. 8 Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin. 9 Cometh this blessedness then upon the circumcision only, or upon the uncircumcision also? for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness. 10 How was it then reckoned? when he was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision. (Now, follow Paul carefully as he explains.) 11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also: Fathering, is work.12 And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised. 13 For the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith. 14 For if they which are of the law be heirs, faith is made void, and the promise made of none effect: 15 Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression. (You must still work hard to uphold it and to ensure it is upheld!) 16 Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace; to the end the promise might be sure to all the seed; not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abraham; who is the father of us all, 17 (As it is written, I have made thee a father of many nations,) before him whom he believed, even God, who quickeneth the dead, and calleth those things which be not as though they were. 18 Who against hope believed in hope, that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which was spoken, So shall thy seed be. 19 And being not weak in faith, he considered not his own body now dead, when he was about an hundred years old, neither yet the deadness of Sarah's womb: 20 He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God; 21 And being fully persuaded that, what he had promised, he was able also to perform. 22 And therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness.23 Now it was not written for his sake alone, that it was imputed to him; 24 But for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead; 25 Who was delivered for our offences, and was raised again for our justification. That last verse is to point out how much work is done on your behalf so you will understand that you must work to lift up you cross since you can't possibly be following Christ anywhere without a cross on your back unless you have entered into Heaven already. |
Christianity Etc › Re: Thank God! Finally I Don Port! From Atheism To Jesus! Update* Conversion Story. by budaatum: 12:08am On Mar 23, 2019 |
asalimpo: Budaatum, you're a re-tard. Like most women. I meet women like u in real life. Theyre dense dull nd moronic. They cant sustain an intelligent conversation but if it's to hurl meaningless insults, they're king (or queen). You are not having an intelligent conversation when you think her tits make her incapable of reasoning! In fact, what were you watching her tits for when you should have been concentrating on the discussion at hand? And then you had the gaul to mention her tits and tell her to her face that her tits made her incapable of intelligent conversation when it was really you who had a prick in your eyes! That, friend, is stupid. And you had to be told! |
Foreign Affairs › Re: Queen Of England Showed Up At Kings College In Her ₦4.7b Bentley State Limo by budaatum: 12:01am On Mar 23, 2019 |
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Christianity Etc › Re: I Get This Thread Now! by budaatum(op): 11:46pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
Shepherd00: I'm not sure this is his definition of Light You don't know LoJ! |
Christianity Etc › Re: Thank God! Finally I Don Port! From Atheism To Jesus! Update* Conversion Story. by budaatum: 11:42pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
asalimpo: you are pathetic. Did you notice that budaatum, insulted me for no reason. She said i am very stupid. Typical of (women) who think they are all that and so hav a god given mandate to go running their mouth. How come u never tried to check her? Stop being a stinking hypocrite. Judge fair. Anyone who thinks a prick makes him superior is stupid so I'm going to say it again and make you my sin for the day. Asalimpo, you are very very stupid! |
Politics › Re: Osun Election Tribunal’s Judgment: Live Update by budaatum: 11:25pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
obonujoker: This is unbelievable..... PDP osun This is good for democracy. The tribunal appear to have been diligent. We APC deserved to lose my state. Aregbesola was seriously really bad and we needed to be taught a lesson. I commend my Sai Bubu for creating a nation where justice has prevailed. |
Christianity Etc › Re: Are Believers Righteous? by budaatum: 11:09pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
Shepherd00: Okay, Fine. I won't expect anything from Buda. But, is buda male or female That's expecting a lot Lol! We have a jujusugar nonanswer to this don't we people? "So god created buda in god's own image, in the image of god god created buda; both male and female god created buda." |
Christianity Etc › Re: Mystical Christianity - An Loj Perspective by budaatum: 10:58pm On Mar 22, 2019*. Modified: 1:20pm On Mar 23, 2019 |
LoJ, this mystic thread has made me go mystical on everyone! I blame you for this my hiding! But serious, it's not hiding. The reason Jesus kept saying "The Kingdom of God is like..." is not because he wanted to hide it but that my puny mind could not comprehend what he could possibly have been describing. It really is so difficult to put across to people so it is seen by them and understood. The fact that it was so long ago and we stand on their giant shoulders looking down and that so much blood was shed to make it so, Oh, how lucky we are that we stand so high and see so much! But still, by Grace (it's my favorite word at the moment!).
Please continue with this thread. Mystic is a person who practices mysticism and you touch the Spirit of the Word here. |
Christianity Etc › Re: I Get This Thread Now! by budaatum(op): 10:42pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
Shepherd00: I asked you what Light was, you acted like you didn't see it. Let me help. You two. Peace! As you very well can see, the work is plenty and the workers few, and before we held beliefs in our heads we are all human beings whom The Light, the Truth and the Way which is Love. |
Christianity Etc › Re: Are Believers Righteous? by budaatum: 10:19pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
bloodofthelamb: Growing spiritually requires knowledge. The more you come to terms with who you are now in Christ, the more mature you will be. No! But first, I must make confession. The one single change that has occurred to me is that I have gone back to reading the Bible again. I've only done the first five and all the Gospels though, so, baby. No, blood! You can not come to terms with who you are now! I mean, imagine one were wretched, does one come to terms with it after receiving the wonderful amazing power the blood of Jesus Christ the Messiah that saves? No. You put on new clothes! Now, imagine one were righteous, does one just come to terms with it? How? By saying "I am righteous"? No! To start with, if I was righteous, that righteousness itself should stop me from sinning thinking such a silly stupid arrogant ignorant thought. By the Grace of God must I rule over it! Humans aren't stupid is the reason you will find it difficult to find many human beings who claim they are righteous human beings. It's true though, as you said, "Growing spiritually requires knowledge". That knowledge is acquired through hard work, and the harder you work to store up your wealth where the moths won't get at it, the more wealth you gonna end up having. |
Christianity Etc › Re: Are Believers Righteous? by budaatum: 9:48pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
Shepherd00: I don't believe you a new born baby in Christ. I have long silently followed you, and I followed your discussions with Mudleylaf, (am not sure I got that right). Your grasp of the Word is not like someone who recently got exposed to the things of Christ. I read the Bible at age 9 and finished it by my 12th birthday, so no, I'm not a baby in Christ nor my grasp of the Word recent. The God bit is somewhat different though, though be very careful with buda please I warn you. As an atheist my mantra was " God does not exist except in the mind of those in whom it is created". Now it's "God exists in buda's mind" where I guess I'm creating it, as I've done since 9. But buda is contradictory so watch, nay, scrutinise the fruit, the objective evidence, it's spirit, and don't trust or believe! Like solite3 pointed out about me smoking and alcoholism buda is sin and contradiction. |
Christianity Etc › Re: Are Believers Righteous? by budaatum: 9:24pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
solite3: this is a contradiction you said " I am not a sinner" but again you claim you stopped sinning and yet again you claim you sin once in a while. how about ' I no longer smoke but I smoke once in a while' This is so spot on! You this solite3! Do you have camera into my mind? If you are an alcoholic and you repent and go to Alcoholics Anonymous to help you stop when you introduce yourself you will say "I am solite3. I am an alcoholic". Even after 30 years no drink, you will say "I am solite3. I am an alcoholic". But everybody who knows you will never call you an alcoholic because they operate by Grace, as in, they are gracious towards others. God's Grace though doesn't even condemn your wretched soul when you were being flat faced drunk in the gutter when no one wanted to know you! The Merciful God just graciously saves you despite your sorry drunken ass, and you know that it is not by your power despite how hard you are trying not to go and have a drink that you don't have a drink but for the Cherubims with a whirling sword of flame that the Merciful Lord God placed there gracefully to the east side warning the next drink away least it pick it up and drink you and make an alcoholic again, by God's Grace. solite3: you mention the grace of God. Do you know what grace mean in the gospel? It is written, "by their fruit we shall know them". But I warn you. You have to look really hard to see it! Really really hard. solite3: Jesus wash away your sins? when budaa claim he is righteous? Please do not bear false witness. buda is not righteous and never claimed so, or did you not see where claimed even righteousness is sin! It's such a basic sin that even before Jesus washing starts one should have done a little bit of work to wipe off oneself! Or do you not see here the result of being lazy and not working really really hard? buda, like life, like buda's Lord God Almighty, is full of contradiction, solite3. I'm going to be leaving you in the hands of other's now. Thanks for your time and hard work. I know you would have had to do some, so keep it up. |
Christianity Etc › Re: Are Believers Righteous? by budaatum: 8:43pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
Shepherd00: Pls can I go ahead now and celebrate your return to Christ? Becos I know you are not new in this. Hold on a minute. Don't be hasty. You must diligently check! What do you mean by, "not new in this"? Explain. |
Foreign Affairs › Re: American Politics Thread: Democrats Take Control Of Congress by budaatum: 3:08pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
Timbuktuo: This is a disingenuous argument. When you lose in a supposedly fair game after you initially agreed to play by the rules governing said game, the mature thing to do so is learn from your mistakes and play better and with more skill at the next opportunity to increase chances of winning.
It is the height of dishonesty to seek to change the rules because you know you can no longer compete, especially you have had your own moments of victory with the same rules.
It's like a team going to FIFA to complain and request rule change because they lost a football match. Imagine them going to ask for the new football rules to be by ball possession or least amount of fouls.
Only a desperate devil will engage in such. Yet, both sides engage in that! |
Christianity Etc › Re: Will It Be Moral To Make Clones For Organ Harvesting? by budaatum: 2:37pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
johnydon22: But the thing is, value is a human assumption, hence the definition of moral basis is - the assumption of arbitrary or non-arbitrary value of a moral subject. No! You can ask for whatever you want johny, but you don't assert that my valuing of things is arbitrary or non-arbitrary assumption with no basis for asserting it! I'm not surprised though since you seem to think that "something special about humans" that makes me moral is not "worth considering". |
Christianity Etc › Re: Will It Be Moral To Make Clones For Organ Harvesting? by budaatum: 2:27pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
johnydon22: For you to constitute what benefits humans as good or bad, you are by implication asserting that there is something special about humans, that there is something that makes human benefit worth considering. But there is "something special about humans"! Humans are the only species in the entire universe, as known, that have the special secret unique peculiar characteristic to assert! Why would you think our ability to assert is not worth considering johnydon22? I disagree that my Nigeria is imagined though since we all know Nigeria exists. It as if you are claiming when we assert and say "Let there be light", the light that will be will be imaginary! If we get on a plane outside Nigeria and say, "take us to Nigeria please", na gidi we go land and not some place imagined in your head! Maybe read your own words and you might see. johnydon22: Yuval Noah's words should help make this simpler to understand
How did Homo sapiens came to dominate the planet? The secret was a very peculiar characteristic of our unique Sapiens language. Our language, alone of all the animals, enables us to talk about things that do not exist at all. You could never convince a monkey to give you a banana by promising him limitless bananas after death, in monkey heaven. Only Sapiens can believe such fictions. But why is it important? After all, fiction can be dangerously misleading or distracting. People who go to the forest looking for fairies and unicorns would seem to have less chance of survival than people who go looking for mushrooms and deer.
Fiction is nevertheless of immense importance, because it enabled us to imagine things collectively. We can weave common myths such as the biblical creation story, the Dreamtime myths of Aboriginal Australians, and the nationalist myths of modern states. And it is these myths that enable Sapiens alone to cooperate flexibly with thousands and even millions of complete strangers.
True, ants and bees can also work together in huge numbers, but they do so in a very rigid manner and only with close relatives. Wolves and chimpanzees cooperate far more flexibly than ants, but they can do so only with small numbers of individuals whom they know intimately. If you tried to bunch together thousands of chimpanzees into Wembley Stadium, Oxford Street, St Paul’s Cathedral or the House of Commons, the result would be pandemonium. Sapiens, in contrast, gather there by the thousands and together they organize and reorganize trade networks, mass celebrations, and political institutions. That’s why we rule the world, whereas ants eat our leftovers and chimps are locked up in zoos and research laboratories.
At the heart of our mass cooperation networks, you will always find fictional stories that exist only in people’s collective imagination. Two Catholics who have never met can nevertheless go together on crusade or pool funds to build a hospital because they both believe that God was incarnated in human flesh and allowed himself to be crucified to redeem our sins. Two Serbs who have never met might risk their lives to save one-another because both believe in the existence of the Serbian nation, the Serbian homeland, and the Serbian flag. Two lawyers who have never met can nevertheless combine efforts to defend a complete stranger because they all believe in the existence of laws, justice, human rights—and the money paid out in fees.
Yet none of these things exists outside the stories that people invent and tell one another. There are no gods, no nations, no money and no human rights, except in our collective imagination.
Let’s leave gods and nations aside for a moment, and focus our attention on the economic sphere. The most important players in our modern economy are business companies. What are they exactly? Take Peugeot, for example. Peugeot is one of the oldest and largest of Europe’s carmakers. It was founded by a man called Armand Peugeot, back in 1896. Armand Peugeot died in 1915. But Peugeot, the company, is still alive and well. Today it employs about 200,000 people worldwide, most of whom are complete strangers to each other. These strangers cooperate so effectively that in 2008 Peugeot produced more than 1.5 million automobiles, earning revenues of about 55 billion euros.
In what sense can we say that Peugeot exists? There are many Peugeot vehicles, but these are obviously not the company. Even if every Peugeot vehicle in the world were simultaneously junked and sold for scrap metal, Peugeot would not disappear. It would continue to manufacture new cars and issue its annual report. The company owns factories, machinery and showrooms, and employs mechanics, accountants, managers and secretaries, but all these together do not comprise Peugeot. A disaster might kill every single one of Peugeot’s employees, and go on to destroy all of its assembly lines and executive offices. Even then, the company could borrow money, hire new employees, build new factories and buy new machinery. Peugeot has managers and stockholders, but neither do they constitute the company. All the managers could be dismissed and all its shares sold, but the company itself would remain intact.
Peugeot is impervious to all these upheavals, because Peugeot is a fictional story. It belongs to a particular genre of legal fictions called ‘limited liability companies’. The idea behind such companies is among humanity’s most ingenious inventions. During most of recorded history property could be owned only by flesh-and-blood humans. If in thirteenth-century France Jean set up a wagon-manufacturing workshop, he himself was the business. If Jean had borrowed 1,000 gold coins to set up his workshop and the business failed, he would have had to repay the loan by selling his house, his cow, his land. He might even have had to sell his children into servitude. If he couldn’t cover the debt, he could be thrown in prison or enslaved by his creditors. Jean was fully liable, without limit, for all obligations incurred by his workshop.
If you had lived back then, you would probably have thought twice before you opened an enterprise of your own. And indeed this legal situation discouraged entrepreneurship.
This is why people began collectively to imagine the existence of limited liability companies. Such companies were legally independent of the people who founded them, invested in them, or managed them. Over the last few centuries such companies have become the main players in the economic arena, and we have grown so used to them that we forget they exist only in our imagination.
How exactly did Armand Peugeot, the man, create Peugeot, the company, back in 1896? In much the same way that priests and sorcerers have created gods and demons throughout history and in which thousands of French priests were still creating Christ’s body every Sunday in the parish churches. It all revolved around telling stories, and convincing people to believe them. In the case of the French priests, the crucial story was that of Christ’s life and death as told by the Catholic Church. According to this story, if a Catholic priest dressed in his sacred garments solemnly said the right words at the right moment, mundane bread and wine turned into God’s flesh and blood. The priest exclaimed “Hoc est corpus meum!” (Latin for “This is my body!”) and hocus pocus—the bread turned into Christ’s flesh. Seeing that the priest had observed all the right procedures, millions of devout French Catholics behaved as if God really existed in the consecrated bread and wine.
In the case of Peugeot the crucial story was the French legal code. According to that story, if a certified lawyer followed all the proper liturgy and rituals, wrote all the required spells and oaths on a wonderfully decorated piece of paper, and affixed his ornate signature to the bottom of the document, then hocus pocus—a new company was incorporated. When in 1896 Armand Peugeot wanted to create his company, he paid a lawyer to go through all these sacred procedures. Once the lawyer had performed all the right rituals and pronounced all the necessary spells and oaths, millions of upright French citizens behaved as if Peugeot company really existed.
The end result is that in contrast to all other animals, we Sapiens are living in a dual reality. On the one hand, the objective reality of rivers, trees and lions; and on the other hand, the imagined reality of gods, nations and companies. As history unfolded, the imagined reality became ever more powerful, so that today the very survival of rivers, trees and lions depends on the grace of imagined entities such as Almighty God, the European Union and Google. |
Christianity Etc › Re: I Get This Thread Now! by budaatum(op): 2:01pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
LoJ: Buda did not convert to anything. He is just what he had always been, someone following the light.
And you really have to let that dick contest with Jesusjnr. Had he really converted Budaatum to your religion, you should have been happy and celebrating. Now I have seen you guys dispute who is the better fool gospel believer. Don't let that go into you, you have nothing to prove to anyone. I don't think Shepherd shares jnr's religion, he comes across much more senior than that. I love his delving question. Please don't ever stop! |
Islam › Re: Christchurch Prayers Al Noor Mosque by budaatum(op): 1:50pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
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Islam › Re: Christchurch Prayers Al Noor Mosque by budaatum(op): 1:47pm On Mar 22, 2019 |
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