₦airaland Forum

Neoteny:
No you're wrong.

The instructions from ATC are not static simply because of the flight plan. If some aircraft experienced delayed takeoff or there are diverted flights, the corridor might become dynamic meaning flight separation by altitude or speed may need to be adjusted to avoid congestion and accidents.

When ATC gives heading, FL, and speed, the pilot manually enters those parameters into the flight director which commands the flight computers to actuate control surfaces to comply. This is known as commanded input. The autopilot cannot autonomously perform uncommanded flight parameter adjustments when ATC gives instructions, else you won't even need ATC and waypoints to begin with.

Also, changes in weather can dictate changes in headings and altitude. Emergencies will also require redirects to nearest airport.

Most pilots also manually trim the aircraft during most phases of flight.

The autopilot mostly helps in stabilizing the aircraft especially during the cruising phase.

Some single engine light aircraft are completely handflown especially when on visual flight rules.

See below

Note: “ Autopilot can be engaged at 100 ft above ground or 5 seconds after takeoff, whichever is later”

Neoteny:
No you're wrong.

The instructions from ATC are not static simply because of the flight plan. If some aircraft experienced delayed takeoff or there are diverted flights, the corridor might become dynamic meaning flight separation by altitude or speed may need to be adjusted to avoid congestion and accidents.

When ATC gives heading, FL, and speed, the pilot manually enters those parameters into the flight director which commands the flight computers to actuate control surfaces to comply. This is known as commanded input. The autopilot cannot autonomously perform uncommanded flight parameter adjustments when ATC gives instructions, else you won't even need ATC and waypoints to begin with.

Also, changes in weather can dictate changes in headings and altitude. Emergencies will also require redirects to nearest airport.

Most pilots also manually trim the aircraft during most phases of flight.

The autopilot mostly helps in stabilizing the aircraft especially during the cruising phase.

Some single engine light aircraft are completely handflown especially when on visual flight rules.

With due respect I have been on private jets in the cockpit during takeoff. I am right l, you are wrong. Like I said the only part where you were right and I erred was that I did not take I to account t instructions by ATC during the climb phase and even then all the pilot does is input new instructions into the flight computer.

Ps: I hope you are not mixing up a pilot manually flying a plane to keep his airmanship up to date with a plane being incapable of climbing on auto pilot. Many pilots fly manually to keep their skills up to date not because they have to or the auto pilot cannot perform all phases of flight post take off.

Neoteny:
Well you're wrong. Commercial planes follow routes in the sky which are controlled by ATC. These routes have waypoints designated by ground radio beacons.

First, autopilot is engaged only when at cruising altitude and not when climbing, as the pilot has to ensure positive rate of climb and gear up, and basically all the AP does is trim the aircraft to balance against uneven airflow on control surfaces. The pilot has to dial in headings to waypoints as given by the air traffic controller as the plane flies on its flight path, using controls on the flight director.

For example, after take off, the pilot might be instructed by ATC to go to a certain compass heading to intersect a beacon, and also be assigned an altitude for that airspace to maintain separation from other aircraft.

As the pilot exits an airspace into another one, he's handed over to that area's ATC on a given frequency, and then given instructions on flight levels (eg climb and maintain FL350) and even new airspeed which the pilot will dial into the flight director.

So yes, flight plans are filed and programmed but the pilot has to periodically control the plane to headings, altitudes and airspeed as directed by ATC along the filed flight path while the autopilot maintains speed, altitude and trim in the cruising phase.

I agree and disagree with you. Whatever instructions given by ATC are programmed into the flight computer, for the auto pilot to execute…… yes the pilot takes instructions as said but he merely adjusts the flight parelameters on the computer. the pilot is not the one doing the flying.. am I right or am I wrong? ….Exactly!!!


The point here is that the pilot does not manually fly the plane, adding inputs as dictated by ATC does not amount to manually flying a plane, it is still the auto pilot flying the plane. Correct me if I am wrong but I am sure I am not.

Where I agree with you and my error is that the pilot is subject to instructions from ATC but he merely inputs that into the computer. So I was wrong in saying he relies solely on the prepared flight plan.

Autopilot can be engaged at anytime once you take off even during climb. I have witnessed this myself. Some can even land with autopilot.

ValCon888:
Lol. I didn't want to address the other nonsense you said but let me do so.

For you, the fault is that he flew a cheap helicopter.

So Kobe Bryant's helicopter was cheap? Yemi Osinbajo's helicopter was cheap?

The solution for you was to fly the helicopter on autopilot? When already they had said the weather conditions was bad?

It's obvious you don't have a car. Because if you do, you will know you don't drive a vehicle on cruise control when the weather is bad.

You're talking about things that are over your head so just stick to being the casual observer that you are.

You are clutching at straws here.

I didn’t say helicopters do not have accidents just as you did not say planes do not have accidents. I said the helicopter he got on was a cheap helicopter that a man of his calibre has no business being in. To someone who has English comprehension that means his risks are higher in the helicopter he boarded.

I have already addressed the issue of auto pilot. You claimed a helicopter needs to be piloted from take off to landing and I said you are wrong and ignorant because helicopters also have auto pilots. I never said a helicopter should be on auto pilot in inclement weather, even planes are switched to manual in turbulence or inclement weather. But if you are in a cheap plane or helicopter without the best weather and navigation Tools to show you where the dangers are then you put yourself at bigger risk be it a plane or a helicopter.


Again I reproduce your ignorant comment that necessitated my comment about auto pilot

ValCon888:
Once a plane generates enough lift, it takes off. All the pilot needs is to get the aircraft to cruising altitude and after that he can sip a coffee or go use the toilet. The plane will fly itself until its time to land.

Helicopter pilots on the other hand need to actively control the aircraft from take off to landing. .

You have not addressed the real issues I raised, that this is a run of the mill cheap helicopter that likely is not equipped with the kind of modern sophisticated navigation equipment for the mission. Night vision, advanced weather radar and ground proximity radar and dual engines.


BTW Kobe’s helicopter crashed because the pilot allowed KObe to put pressure on him to fly a mission he should not have flown and he did t have the balls to say no we can’t. If you read the accident report, it was stated the flight should never have happened. But he did t want to disappoint Kobe.

My advise to you is to quit before you make a bigger fooool of yourself. You are not dealing with your typical ignorant Nairalander!


Below are examples of what a modern well equipped aircraft pilot helicopter or plane can see through his enhanced night vision display at night compared to the pilot of a cheap aircraft who merely relies o. His navigation aids and flight map. The outside of the display is what a normal un-equipped pilot would see…pitch darkness…whereas in a well equipped aircraft the pilot can see right through darkness and even clouds!!!! It is therefore clear that entering a cheap helicopter or plane only enhances your risks. Why if you are a man of means would you settle for less?

Del

ValCon888:
You're flying a chopper in inclement weather on autopilot? You're the fool here.

You are the ignoramus. I said helicopters have auto pilots, you talked about a helicopter pilot having to constantly pilot the helicopter. I repeat what I always say on Nairaland, many of you have poor English comprehension.

You made an ignorant misleading g comment reproduced below and I called you out.

ValCon888:
Once a plane generates enough lift, it takes off. All the pilot needs is to get the aircraft to cruising altitude and after that he can sip a coffee or go use the toilet. The plane will fly itself until its time to land.

Helicopter pilots on the other hand need to actively control the aircraft from take off to landing..

You are wrong on that and neither did you address the issue of well equipped helicopters having 1) dual engines, 2) advanced weather and 3) ground proximity radars 4 ) night vision capabilities or 5) that the helicopter he boarded is a run of the mill single engine helicopter that cost about $2m new at a time when we have helicopters that cost between $10 and $20m?

In fact to reinforce your ignorance as per your comment above, an airline pilot does not need to get to cruise altitude to switch on auto pilot. Once he takes off he can switch on autopilot, headings and cruise altitudes are all pre programmed In the flight computer and if the destination airport is suitably equipped the auto pilot can even land the plane itself. Again ignorance on display!!!

ValCon888:
Considering the location and time of the crash, it's highly likely the Wigwes had planned to attend the Superbowl holding in Las Vegas.

Many people don't understand the difficulty in flying a helicopter compared to an airplane.

Once a plane generates enough lift, it takes off. All the pilot needs is to get the aircraft to cruising altitude and after that he can sip a coffee or go use the toilet. The plane will fly itself until its time to land.

Helicopter pilots on the other hand need to actively control the aircraft from take off to landing.

In simple terms, they need to control the helicopter up and down, and left and right while the helicopter is moving forward.

Don't forget you're simultaneously controlling the X axis and Y axis which tilts the nose and tail up or down like a seesaw.

And this doesn't include landing the helicopter which is another challenge by itself.

There are so many variables that can stall the helicopter causing it crash.

A perfectly good helicopter can crash because it's traveling over a pocket of thin air and can't generate enough lift. If there's engine or rotor trouble, just start praying to God.

In sum, if you have alternative means of transportation use it. Only travel by chopper if it's absolutely necessary you do so.

Largely ignorant comment. Helicopters also have auto pilots. The problem that I see here is that for a man of his status, he boarded a very cheap helicopter. Even the helicopters that caverton use are better and more sophisticated than this.

The difference between a plane and a helicopter is a plane can remain in the air if an engine or all engine fail but a helicopter will fall. Therefore what is a man of means doing in a single engine relatively low caliber helicopter at night? And you will also know this is a poorly equipped helicopter because it doesn’t even have a CVR or FDR. Very unlikely to be equipped with the latest flight technologies. Like I said modern helicopters are equipped with advanced weather radar including wind shear , ground terrain radar and auto pilot.

RIP to the dead but to start with, A man of means has no business being inside a single engine helicopter especially with his family in this day and age. It’s like entering a single engine Cessna. Why would someone who is used to travelling in bombardier challenger and global jets enter a Cessna with his family talk less a low grade helicopter?

History555:
And you think that akara and ogi will not jump in price

Why is it you people have such a major problem with English? Did I say it won’t go up? In fact I specifically said it will go up in price but the money and the jobs will stay in Nigeria since they have no dollar component and their ingredients are farmed by Nigerians. By consuming rice and bread you are paying higher prices to give farmers abroad jobs.

ogododo:
https://dailytrust.com/imf-confirms-return-of-petrol-subsidy-under-tinubu/#:~:text=The%20IMF%2C%20in%20its%20latest,reversing%20the%20fuel%20subsidy%20removal.%E2%80%9D

Everybody knows subsidy has returned with exchange rate @ N1400 petrol should be N1200/ liter minimum.

membranus:
Fake, bogus and ego massaging narrative.

Oyinbo people that eats bread and flour products daily as staple foods, can you call them poor? Chinese and Italian people who eat pasta (Indomie) products as staples, will you term them poor? Indian and East Asian people that cannot do without rice daily, is it a poor man food to them?

Sometimes eating certain types of food constantly is just a matter of an adopted eating habit, and not a status symbol.

See picture below: anyone my age who was born in the uk at that time has 2 qualities 1) he has educated parents because our parents went there to get degrees at a time when there were few Nigerians with degrees 2) they came back and enjoyed a minimum social and economic status in Nigeria. So if our parents fed us natural foods as kids and kept us away from poisons like bread, coke, rice etc it is because they were enlightened and knew the importance of good nutrition in the development of children both mentally and physically. At the time we were unhappy but now we know better and thank them for it especially when we see the youth of today aka the indomie generation with clear mental development issues…..like yourself

You are the one who tried to make bread a status thing by saying we were poor because I said we rarely ate bread when we were young but instead ate wholesome food and I schooled you that bread is a poor man’s food and is very unhealthy just like rice and indomie.

Do your self a favour and look at the ingredients on a pack of indomie of the next time you buy bread. You will realize you are eating poison. Do yourself a favour and google the effect of modified wheat on humans and the correlation with disease. The wheat we use is modified wheat, traditional wheat is less than a foot high, the resultant effect of this modified wheat is what manifests in diseases. Enlightened people know this ignorant poor people think it is a badge of honour to abandon their natural unmodified traditional foods to eat the white mans wheat products…carry on but if want to eat bread you will pay the market price.

Like I said bread is one level away from soaking garri.


As for the Oyinbo man, this is 5e problem with Nigerians, are you an Oyinbo man, why comparing yourself to an Oyinbo man? This is the problem. Do you see Oyinbo fighting themselves and their government to eat akara or amala to that Nigerian farmers can benefit?

The problem with Nigerians like you of which there are many is that you are mentally enslaved. Any by the way it is not “eats bread” it is “eat bread”

As for the Asians and the Oyinbo who eat bread and rice, yes it is their local food that is why they are the ones who are major producers and yes it is the food of the masses for them. Like I said when I was young eating rice was an occasion…..sundays only…in those days it was Uncles Ben’s rice. The point is they eat what is local to them d only the rich eat exotic foods on occasions but we want to turn exotic foods into a staple yet we don’t produce any of the ingredients?

Ray07:
Have you seen how much akara is sold now.
A major of bean is sold above 1k+.
1k akara no go do you anything.

Am not surprised . . . Evil support evil.

Everything has gone up, the difference is the ingredients for akara are local and help our economy whereas the ingredients for bread are imported benefit nobody in Nigeria. By eating bread you are enriching countries like Russia and Ukraine who produce wheat. Providing jobs for their farmers while your farmers become poor

malali:


[color=#990000]Reducing Debt Burden: Nigeria owes money to other countries (national debt). Devaluation makes it easier to repay those loans because the Naira is worth less. It’s like paying back a smaller amount.

This is actually completely wrong.

It makes local debts easier to pay because they are Naira debts and we get more Naira. However it makes the payment of foreign debts more difficult because now you need more Naira to pay foreign debts. This last point affects businesses and individuals who earn in Naira but have foreign debts for instance individuals who have mortgages abroad.

gratiaeo:
Stop supporting failure you refuse. If you are eating bread 2-3 a week it means you are from poor family because bread is always what we bounce on whenever we come back from school before launch

Like I said you are a youth with an undeveloped brain. Ask anyone from my generation we didn’t eat bread and rice the way you people do. In fact bread in secondary school and university was a last resort….a sign of extreme hunger just 1 step away from drinking garri. It is always the poor that think poor habits are a sign of good living.

What you are exhibiting is the mentality of a poor man who uses all his money to buy the latest iPhone thinking it is a badge of honour. But have you seen the phones rich people use….many of them will use the same phone for 5 years until it is dead dead. I don’t want to brag but the people and places our drivers and houseboys have met or been to, pray your generations will be opportuned to go to or to meet.

Let me give you some advice, rice, bread, indomie and soft drinks are some of the worst foods you can put in your mouth. Money or no money, rich or poor. Enlightened people know this which is why they don’t feed their kids these things but the poor and ignorant think it is a status symbol to eat bad food.

ckc:
Based on the catastrophe this floating of naira of a thing by Tinubu is causing to the economy, can anyone please educate me on the ONE benefit of this policy. I want to learn.

Do you really want to learn or do you want to abuse?

If you want to learn I will give you more than 1.

1. More Naira revenue for all tiers of government. Because the official dollar is sold at a higher level, there is more money for government to do what government is supposed to do..roads, schools etc.
2. Closure of arbitrage and round tripping. Because of the floating of the naira, elites can no longer just get dollars at the official rate and sell to the black market. That money that some of our bankers used to make themselves a fortune now goes to the government
3. Because imported products are now expensive people are forced to consume products with little or no foreign composition. An example is bread people will eat more akara, for breakfast instead of bread which consists of imported wheat, margarine yeast etc. more akara consumption will lead to more profits for the beans farmer in Nigeria not the wheat farmer in Ukraine and Russia.
4. Floating of the Naira means you will get more Naira if you export products. So the cocoa farmer will make more money.

There are many more but there will be pain.

BrighterSyde:
Keep deceiving yourself. Now I know you are a kid. That at this day and age you believe what the govt tells you, whether apc, pdp or lp then it means you have recently started following politics.
You think these policies are for the rich? I need to argue. Time will tell whether you will see any improvement or changes then you will go as far back as IBB to blame for the current failures.

Please make an attempt to pretend you have a brain next time you post.

When I was young, bread was something we ate at 2 or 3 times a week, whether at home or in boarding school. Rice was sundays only. I grew up in a very comfortable family so this was not about affordability. Our changing lifestyles that has caused us to depend on imported everything for even the basics is the root of the problem in Nigeria. It is also why the brains of the Nigerian youth are not properly developed…you eat too much bread, rice, indomie and processed foods all of which are also import dependent.

When I was young, whether at home or in boarding school, breakfast was either moi moi, akara, yam or beans for the majority of the week. The ingredients are local and natural….That’s why my brain is well developed and why many of you youths have stunted brains.

BrighterSyde:
Don’t mind them jare. Concessional forex is only for the politicians and the ruling class. The masses like you will continue to suffer while the politicians who are largely responsible for the dwindling naira will remain protected and still have access to these concessions.

Concessional forex is over for everybody.

Hear these ones! They want concessional forex in this day and age? Did our forefathers eat bread? They should please close down today so we can eat healthy ogi and akara with locally sourced ingredients. Nonsense!

emkz:
Actually, there is a code/act for legal practitioners in Nigeria. To practice law in Nigeria, you must pass the Nigerian Bar exams and be called to bar. Doris Anite just waived that for UK lawyers.

The federal government need not consult the NBA before taking such a decision. They ought to amend the laws and NBA must have an input there.

No country will do what Doris Anite did yesterday.

She should be sacked! She is clearly not working for the interests of Nigeria.

successmatters:
No bi today o

Yet not a single one of them supported him.

Saintinoo:
The elections were already rigged in APC stronghold even before results were announced, so it was not about the results announced by INEC, most of those results were already written inside APC situation rooms at the state level, which was why even you OP had results of the election before it was announced.

I remember a time I told you about a result from Sokoto which had Atiku leading by a margin but you got scared and had to give me the APC written figures, that mean, results were already written.

Well,election they say have consequences, I hope you are adopting well to this one.

excuse me, did your party agents conive to rig for APC?..or they did not have EC8 forms with the correct results from the PU? This post is an example of the ignorance or lack of brain cells in sections of the populace. I have said this many times, it is difficult to rig elections in Nigeria because party agents and the police have copies of the authentic results. You cannot rig an election in Nigeria without leaving a trail of evidence. it is either you attempt to disrupt the elections from holding in which case everybody knows and the election will rehold or you alter or write results in which case you are wasting your time becauise whatever result you write has to match what was declared at the PU, witnessed by the voters, written on the EC8 forms copies of which are given to all party agents and the police. there is a reason neither Atiku nor Obi presented any conflicting results to either the public or the courts and instead focused on disqualification.

i repeat:

casualobserver:
If not for the fact that Nigerian scientists are underfunded and we live in modern times, where even animals have rights, ordinarily a few Obidients would be gathered and experiments conducted on their brains to search for what is clearly a rogue gene. It is clear to all that the gene that causes stupidity in humans exists in abundance in Obidients. This is potentially a nobel prize winning study.

back in the day they would not be allowed to procreate so they dont populate the world with stupidity.

na wah for Atiku and PDP. on the one had you acknowledge he was an aide to Atiku, on the other hand you say do not refer to him as ex-aide.

should people also stop referring to Atiku as former VP?

make no mistake Nigeria was firmly on the road to Venezuela as at May 28 2023. I would say we are probably on the road to Argentina, still bad but not as bad as Venezuela.

Nigeria needs to face some tough choices. the govt should be bold enough to take them. Most of them revolve around the demand for forex.

1) we need to revitalise our universities which means the introduction of market rate fees for Nigerian Universities. A significant demand for forex revolves around overseas fees
2) we need to cut down on our demand for foreign goods and make produce more in Nigeria.

OfoIgbo:
Obi got about 1 million votes in Lagos alone, while Tinubu barely made it past the 100,000 mark in Lagos.
The extra votes Obi got in Lagos, outstrips Tinubu's vote gains in the other SW states.

When you bring in Obi's votes in the SE, SS and middlebelt, Obi obliterates Tinubu

If not for the fact that Nigerian scientists are underfunded and we live in modern times, where even animals have rights, ordinarily a few Obidients would be gathered and experiments conducted on their brains to search for what is clearly a rogue gene. It is clear to all that the gene that causes stupidity in humans exists in abundance in Obidients. This is potentially a nobel prize winning study.

back in the day they would not be allowed to procreate so they dont populate the world with stupidity.

freeGiftOfGod:
Regulation or not, free speech must not be gagged.

free speech has consequences and responsibilities. everyone has a right to free speech. everyone has a right to spread lies and abuse but they also have a right to face the consequences of spreading lies and abuse.

G00dharddick:
just like Mikel Obi who always played rubbish in Nigerian national team.

?

Don’t let English people or Mikel see your post o..he has been telling them he is Nigeria’s greatest footballing legend. The nuisance asss licking Uncle Tom of a fellow.

Ray369:
The first goal was from a set piece..a corner kick... Sanusi was at fault for not marking Kessie...The Second goal was Ekong's fault for not closing Haller enough... where's Iwobi's fault..rewatch the match or highlights.. you'll get it right .. moreover the coach played a negative defensive football....chukwueze assisted the Nigerian Goal...he only played 2 midfielders while Ivory coast played seri, fofana, max gredel and Kessie in the midfield ...that's why they outplayed us totally..if you're good you should understand that 4-4-2 is better than 5-3-2...when they equalised he should have changed it to 4-4-2 but left everything and continue playing the bad formation..that's why the equalised..even the cotedvoire bench couldn't believe it

It must have been the second goal. Watch the build up to the 2nd goal. It was Iwobi not receiving the pass as previously described that led to their transition that led to the goal. I am not disagreeing with you about our midfield but the way Iwobi lost the ball was criminal.

Ray369:
Iwobi wasn't at fault yesterday...he played fine...only iwobi and onyeka played in the midfield while the coach used 5 defenders and 3 forwards...he played defensive football yesterday...5-2-3 formation..the goal Kessie header was Sanusi fault as he didn't man his man...those blaming Iwobi are just critics who doesn't know the game...I'm sure they are Man United and Chelsea fans...all they do is blame their players

watch the build up to the 1st goal (or maybe it was the 2nd i cant remember), it was Iwobi that failed to collect a simple pass (he just stood still) that then led to their attack. Players lose the ball all the time, thats not the problem, it was his lack of awareness, and his inaction, his sloppiness, he froze!

that said i do not endorse the abuse he is receiving causing him to delete his account or his posts.

UptownVibes:
Its football bro,sometimes mistake dey occur. Meanwhile the coach for look for a more better person than iwobs. Him and Jay Jay no dey the same league nau. They can't be make in this life and after..

The coach tried, lets not blame the coach. None of us thought we would even make it out of the group stage. Iwobi was poor throughout the tournament.

UptownVibes:
The coach is at fault,not iwobs...

was Iwobi not the one who lost a ball that eventually led to one of their goal the 1st one i think?

they should check that iwobi's DNA. I no see any jayjay for him ball.

Harriddon:
MY SCHOOL BILLS FOR FIRST SEMESTER
1. School fees N85,750
2. ⁠Department/faculty Dues N29,300
3. ⁠Professional exam fee N15,000
4. ⁠Registration of courses N25,000
5. ⁠Materials/workbooks N7500
6. ⁠Compulsory texbook N6500

7. ⁠TOTAL =N169,050
Please this bill was brought by a cousin of mine to his mother. Someone in unical should help us verify please

It is indeed outrageous that you are asked to pay $120 as medical school fees, when others have to borrow $40,000 a year to pay for the same degree in medicine

I am also sure your cousin has a phone that is worth more than N169,050.

PotatoSalad:
The only sane comment here so far.
One orijin bottle even said he should be arrested. People I share oxygen with.

Besides them no born any PA to a VVIP to say to his oga “I am afraid to travel on a helicopter but It I will let you my oga to travel”…... that’s the day you lose your job…I don’t think many here understand the nature of the job of a PA to a VVIP.

If it were truly a case of fear, he would have told Herbert, oga I can’t let you travel on this helicopter and trust me Herbert would have complied. Many people don’t know how powerful a PA is and how their Ogas trust them, are dependent on them and listen to them.

Alex Otti actually quoted Herbert as saying the biggest thing he gained from the acquisition of Diamond Bank was Olusola….that tells you the degree of faith he had in him.

According to Alex Otti who spoke to Olusola, he did not decline to board the flight but decided to travel by road with the luggage of the entourage.

My interpretation of this is that the luggage was too heavy for the helicopter and it was just a twist of fate. If it were solely a case of him being afraid to fly, the luggage would have gone with the helicopter.

Checking the max payload of an EC 350 which is approx 1000kg, the luggage theory makes sense. 2 pilots plus 5 Nigerian VIPs (as was the initial passenger manifest) and their luggage can easily exceed 1000kg. They landed lA in a private jet, it was never their intention to travel to Vegas by helicopter but only did so because their jet could not land in Vegas. So it is possible they had luggage a PJ can easily accommodate but which exceeded the capacity of a small helicopter. In which case it only made sense Olusola to travel by road with the luggage.